-us

The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, and -us are related and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:
: This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)
In addition, the u of -us is likely to be related to -u.


-us

armastama "to love" → armastus "love"

võistlema "to compete" → võistlus "competition"

joonistama "to draw" → joonistus "a drawing"

aus "honest" → ausus "honesty"

pikk "long" → pikkus "length"

-use (genitive)
-ust (partitive)
-us (nominative singular)
-used (nominative plural)
-us (accusative nominative singular)
-used (accusative nominative plural)
-use (accusative genitive singular)
-used (accusative genitive plural)
-use (genitive singular)
-uste (genitive plural)
-ust (partitive singular)
-usi (partitive plural)
-usse (illative singular)
-usesse (illative singular)
-ustesse (illative plural)
-usisse (illative plural)
-uses (inessive singular)
-ustes (inessive plural)
-usis (inessive plural)
-usest (elative singular)
-ustest (elative plural)
-usist (elative plural)
-usele (allative singular)
-ustele (allative plural)
-usile (allative plural)
-usel (adessive singular)
-ustel (adessive plural)
-usil (adessive plural)
-uselt (ablative singular)
-ustelt (ablative plural)
-usilt (ablative plural)
-useks (singular translative)
-usteks (plural translative)
-usiks (plural translative)
-useni (singular terminative)
-usteni (plural terminative)
-usena (essive singular)
-ustena (essive plural)
-useta (abessive singular)
-usteta (abessive plural)
-usega (comitative singular)
-ustega (comitative plural)
-us (nominative singular)
-used (nominative plural)
-us (accusative nominative singular)
-used (accusative nominative plural)
-use (accusative genitive singular)
-used (accusative genitive plural)
-use (genitive singular)
-uste (genitive plural)
-ust (partitive singular)
-useid (partitive plural)
-usesse (illative singular)
-ustesse (illative plural)
-useisse (illative plural)
-uses (inessive singular)
-ustes (inessive plural)
-useis (inessive plural)
-usest (elative singular)
-ustest (elative plural)
-useist (elative plural)
-usele (allative singular)
-ustele (allative plural)
-useile (allative plural)
-usel (adessive singular)
-ustel (adessive plural)
-useil (adessive plural)
-uselt (ablative singular)
-ustelt (ablative plural)
-useilt (ablative plural)
-useks (singular translative)
-usteks (plural translative)
-useiks (plural translative)
-useni (singular terminative)
-usteni (plural terminative)
-usena (essive singular)
-ustena (essive plural)
-useta (abessive singular)
-usteta (abessive plural)
-usega (comitative singular)
-ustega (comitative plural)

A merger of Proto-Finnic *-us (in the first sense) and Proto-Finnic *-uc (in the second sense). Cognate with Finnish -us.


-us

kuvata (“to describe”) + -us → kuvaus (“description”)

pakata (“to pack”) + -us → pakkaus (“package”)

ylentää (“to promote”) + -us → ylennys (“promotion”)

hälyttää (“to alarm”) + -us → hälytys (“alarm”)

Forms nouns from verbs, describing an action or event.

head

-us (front vowel harmony variant -ys, linguistic notation -Us)

-ys (front-vowel)
-us (nominative singular)
-ukset (nominative plural)
-us (accusative nominative singular)
-ukset (accusative nominative plural)
-uksen (accusative genitive singular)
-ukset (accusative genitive plural)
-uksen (genitive singular)
-usten (genitive plural)
-uksien (genitive plural)
-usta (partitive singular)
-uksia (partitive plural)
-uksessa (inessive singular)
-uksissa (inessive plural)
-uksesta (elative singular)
-uksista (elative plural)
-ukseen (illative singular)
-uksiin (illative plural)
-uksella (adessive singular)
-uksilla (adessive plural)
-ukselta (ablative singular)
-uksilta (ablative plural)
-ukselle (allative singular)
-uksille (allative plural)
-uksena (essive singular)
-uksina (essive plural)
-ukseksi (singular translative)
-uksiksi (plural translative)
-uksetta (abessive singular)
-uksitta (abessive plural)
-uksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-ukseni (nominative singular)
-ukseni (nominative plural)
-ukseni (accusative nominative singular)
-ukseni (accusative nominative plural)
-ukseni (accusative genitive singular)
-ukseni (accusative genitive plural)
-ukseni (genitive singular)
-usteni (genitive plural)
-uksieni (genitive plural)
-ustani (partitive singular)
-uksiani (partitive plural)
-uksessani (inessive singular)
-uksissani (inessive plural)
-uksestani (elative singular)
-uksistani (elative plural)
-ukseeni (illative singular)
-uksiini (illative plural)
-uksellani (adessive singular)
-uksillani (adessive plural)
-ukseltani (ablative singular)
-uksiltani (ablative plural)
-ukselleni (allative singular)
-uksilleni (allative plural)
-uksenani (essive singular)
-uksinani (essive plural)
-uksekseni (singular translative)
-uksikseni (plural translative)
-uksettani (abessive singular)
-uksittani (abessive plural)
-uksineni (comitative plural)
-uksesi (nominative singular)
-uksesi (nominative plural)
-uksesi (accusative nominative singular)
-uksesi (accusative nominative plural)
-uksesi (accusative genitive singular)
-uksesi (accusative genitive plural)
-uksesi (genitive singular)
-ustesi (genitive plural)
-uksiesi (genitive plural)
-ustasi (partitive singular)
-uksiasi (partitive plural)
-uksessasi (inessive singular)
-uksissasi (inessive plural)
-uksestasi (elative singular)
-uksistasi (elative plural)
-ukseesi (illative singular)
-uksiisi (illative plural)
-uksellasi (adessive singular)
-uksillasi (adessive plural)
-ukseltasi (ablative singular)
-uksiltasi (ablative plural)
-uksellesi (allative singular)
-uksillesi (allative plural)
-uksenasi (essive singular)
-uksinasi (essive plural)
-ukseksesi (singular translative)
-uksiksesi (plural translative)
-uksettasi (abessive singular)
-uksittasi (abessive plural)
-uksinesi (comitative plural)
-uksemme (nominative singular)
-uksemme (nominative plural)
-uksemme (accusative nominative singular)
-uksemme (accusative nominative plural)
-uksemme (accusative genitive singular)
-uksemme (accusative genitive plural)
-uksemme (genitive singular)
-ustemme (genitive plural)
-uksiemme (genitive plural)
-ustamme (partitive singular)
-uksiamme (partitive plural)
-uksessamme (inessive singular)
-uksissamme (inessive plural)
-uksestamme (elative singular)
-uksistamme (elative plural)
-ukseemme (illative singular)
-uksiimme (illative plural)
-uksellamme (adessive singular)
-uksillamme (adessive plural)
-ukseltamme (ablative singular)
-uksiltamme (ablative plural)
-uksellemme (allative singular)
-uksillemme (allative plural)
-uksenamme (essive singular)
-uksinamme (essive plural)
-ukseksemme (singular translative)
-uksiksemme (plural translative)
-uksettamme (abessive singular)
-uksittamme (abessive plural)
-uksinemme (comitative plural)
-uksenne (nominative singular)
-uksenne (nominative plural)
-uksenne (accusative nominative singular)
-uksenne (accusative nominative plural)
-uksenne (accusative genitive singular)
-uksenne (accusative genitive plural)
-uksenne (genitive singular)
-ustenne (genitive plural)
-uksienne (genitive plural)
-ustanne (partitive singular)
-uksianne (partitive plural)
-uksessanne (inessive singular)
-uksissanne (inessive plural)
-uksestanne (elative singular)
-uksistanne (elative plural)
-ukseenne (illative singular)
-uksiinne (illative plural)
-uksellanne (adessive singular)
-uksillanne (adessive plural)
-ukseltanne (ablative singular)
-uksiltanne (ablative plural)
-uksellenne (allative singular)
-uksillenne (allative plural)
-uksenanne (essive singular)
-uksinanne (essive plural)
-ukseksenne (singular translative)
-uksiksenne (plural translative)
-uksettanne (abessive singular)
-uksittanne (abessive plural)
-uksinenne (comitative plural)
-uksensa (nominative singular)
-uksensa (nominative plural)
-uksensa (accusative nominative singular)
-uksensa (accusative nominative plural)
-uksensa (accusative genitive singular)
-uksensa (accusative genitive plural)
-uksensa (genitive singular)
-ustensa (genitive plural)
-uksiensa (genitive plural)
-ustaan (partitive singular)
-ustansa (partitive singular)
-uksiaan (partitive plural)
-uksiansa (partitive plural)
-uksessaan (inessive singular)
-uksessansa (inessive singular)
-uksissaan (inessive plural)
-uksissansa (inessive plural)
-uksestaan (elative singular)
-uksestansa (elative singular)
-uksistaan (elative plural)
-uksistansa (elative plural)
-ukseensa (illative singular)
-uksiinsa (illative plural)
-uksellaan (adessive singular)
-uksellansa (adessive singular)
-uksillaan (adessive plural)
-uksillansa (adessive plural)
-ukseltaan (ablative singular)
-ukseltansa (ablative singular)
-uksiltaan (ablative plural)
-uksiltansa (ablative plural)
-ukselleen (allative singular)
-uksellensa (allative singular)
-uksilleen (allative plural)
-uksillensa (allative plural)
-uksenaan (essive singular)
-uksenansa (essive singular)
-uksinaan (essive plural)
-uksinansa (essive plural)
-uksekseen (singular translative)
-ukseksensa (singular translative)
-uksikseen (plural translative)
-uksiksensa (plural translative)
-uksettaan (abessive singular)
-uksettansa (abessive singular)
-uksittaan (abessive plural)
-uksittansa (abessive plural)
-uksineen (comitative plural)
-uksinensa (comitative plural)

-tus

used with the verb types rohkaista (66) and valita (69)

-mus

used with the verb types sallia (61), and in some cases, sanoa (52) and muistaa (53)

From Proto-Finnic *-us, generalized from -s-derivatives of u-stem verbs (e.g. ihastua → ihastus, menestyä → menestys). Compare -os.


-us

kanta (“base”) + -us → kannus (“spur”)

sormi (“finger”) + -us → sormus (“ring”)

vasta- (“counter-”) + -us → vastus (“resistance, opposition”)

kehä (“circle, ring”) + -us → kehys (“frame”)

syli (“bosom, lap”) + -us → sylys (“armful”)

typerä (“stupid”) + -us → typerys (“fool”)

Forms nouns, indicating resemblance or association.

From Proto-Finnic *-us. Probably generalized from -s-derivatives of u-stem nominals (e.g. etu- → edus, palvelu → palvelus), or through the loss of a plain u-derivative from the standard language (e.g. keski- → dial. kesku- → keskus), and thus identical to -us (etymology 1). In some cases potentially by confusion with -uus, -us (etymology 3). Alternatively from Proto-Uralic *-wikse.


-us

Short form of the suffix -uus, used where the stem of the root adjective ends in a vowel.

-ys (front-vowel)
-us (nominative singular)
-udet (nominative plural)
-us (accusative nominative singular)
-udet (accusative nominative plural)
-uden (accusative genitive singular)
-udet (accusative genitive plural)
-uden (genitive singular)
-uksien (genitive plural)
-utta (partitive singular)
-uksia (partitive plural)
-udessa (inessive singular)
-uksissa (inessive plural)
-udesta (elative singular)
-uksista (elative plural)
-uteen (illative singular)
-uksiin (illative plural)
-udella (adessive singular)
-uksilla (adessive plural)
-udelta (ablative singular)
-uksilta (ablative plural)
-udelle (allative singular)
-uksille (allative plural)
-utena (essive singular)
-uksina (essive plural)
-udeksi (singular translative)
-uksiksi (plural translative)
-udetta (abessive singular)
-uksitta (abessive plural)
-uksin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
-uteni (nominative singular)
-uteni (nominative plural)
-uteni (accusative nominative singular)
-uteni (accusative nominative plural)
-uteni (accusative genitive singular)
-uteni (accusative genitive plural)
-uteni (genitive singular)
-uksieni (genitive plural)
-uttani (partitive singular)
-uksiani (partitive plural)
-udessani (inessive singular)
-uksissani (inessive plural)
-udestani (elative singular)
-uksistani (elative plural)
-uteeni (illative singular)
-uksiini (illative plural)
-udellani (adessive singular)
-uksillani (adessive plural)
-udeltani (ablative singular)
-uksiltani (ablative plural)
-udelleni (allative singular)
-uksilleni (allative plural)
-utenani (essive singular)
-uksinani (essive plural)
-udekseni (singular translative)
-uksikseni (plural translative)
-udettani (abessive singular)
-uksittani (abessive plural)
-uksineni (comitative plural)
-utesi (nominative singular)
-utesi (nominative plural)
-utesi (accusative nominative singular)
-utesi (accusative nominative plural)
-utesi (accusative genitive singular)
-utesi (accusative genitive plural)
-utesi (genitive singular)
-uksiesi (genitive plural)
-uttasi (partitive singular)
-uksiasi (partitive plural)
-udessasi (inessive singular)
-uksissasi (inessive plural)
-udestasi (elative singular)
-uksistasi (elative plural)
-uteesi (illative singular)
-uksiisi (illative plural)
-udellasi (adessive singular)
-uksillasi (adessive plural)
-udeltasi (ablative singular)
-uksiltasi (ablative plural)
-udellesi (allative singular)
-uksillesi (allative plural)
-utenasi (essive singular)
-uksinasi (essive plural)
-udeksesi (singular translative)
-uksiksesi (plural translative)
-udettasi (abessive singular)
-uksittasi (abessive plural)
-uksinesi (comitative plural)
-utemme (nominative singular)
-utemme (nominative plural)
-utemme (accusative nominative singular)
-utemme (accusative nominative plural)
-utemme (accusative genitive singular)
-utemme (accusative genitive plural)
-utemme (genitive singular)
-uksiemme (genitive plural)
-uttamme (partitive singular)
-uksiamme (partitive plural)
-udessamme (inessive singular)
-uksissamme (inessive plural)
-udestamme (elative singular)
-uksistamme (elative plural)
-uteemme (illative singular)
-uksiimme (illative plural)
-udellamme (adessive singular)
-uksillamme (adessive plural)
-udeltamme (ablative singular)
-uksiltamme (ablative plural)
-udellemme (allative singular)
-uksillemme (allative plural)
-utenamme (essive singular)
-uksinamme (essive plural)
-udeksemme (singular translative)
-uksiksemme (plural translative)
-udettamme (abessive singular)
-uksittamme (abessive plural)
-uksinemme (comitative plural)
-utenne (nominative singular)
-utenne (nominative plural)
-utenne (accusative nominative singular)
-utenne (accusative nominative plural)
-utenne (accusative genitive singular)
-utenne (accusative genitive plural)
-utenne (genitive singular)
-uksienne (genitive plural)
-uttanne (partitive singular)
-uksianne (partitive plural)
-udessanne (inessive singular)
-uksissanne (inessive plural)
-udestanne (elative singular)
-uksistanne (elative plural)
-uteenne (illative singular)
-uksiinne (illative plural)
-udellanne (adessive singular)
-uksillanne (adessive plural)
-udeltanne (ablative singular)
-uksiltanne (ablative plural)
-udellenne (allative singular)
-uksillenne (allative plural)
-utenanne (essive singular)
-uksinanne (essive plural)
-udeksenne (singular translative)
-uksiksenne (plural translative)
-udettanne (abessive singular)
-uksittanne (abessive plural)
-uksinenne (comitative plural)
-utensa (nominative singular)
-utensa (nominative plural)
-utensa (accusative nominative singular)
-utensa (accusative nominative plural)
-utensa (accusative genitive singular)
-utensa (accusative genitive plural)
-utensa (genitive singular)
-uksiensa (genitive plural)
-uttaan (partitive singular)
-uttansa (partitive singular)
-uksiaan (partitive plural)
-uksiansa (partitive plural)
-udessaan (inessive singular)
-udessansa (inessive singular)
-uksissaan (inessive plural)
-uksissansa (inessive plural)
-udestaan (elative singular)
-udestansa (elative singular)
-uksistaan (elative plural)
-uksistansa (elative plural)
-uteensa (illative singular)
-uksiinsa (illative plural)
-udellaan (adessive singular)
-udellansa (adessive singular)
-uksillaan (adessive plural)
-uksillansa (adessive plural)
-udeltaan (ablative singular)
-udeltansa (ablative singular)
-uksiltaan (ablative plural)
-uksiltansa (ablative plural)
-udelleen (allative singular)
-udellensa (allative singular)
-uksilleen (allative plural)
-uksillensa (allative plural)
-utenaan (essive singular)
-utenansa (essive singular)
-uksinaan (essive plural)
-uksinansa (essive plural)
-udekseen (singular translative)
-udeksensa (singular translative)
-uksikseen (plural translative)
-uksiksensa (plural translative)
-udettaan (abessive singular)
-udettansa (abessive singular)
-uksittaan (abessive plural)
-uksittansa (abessive plural)
-uksineen (comitative plural)
-uksinensa (comitative plural)


-us

Teréz (“Theresa”) → Terus (“Tess”)

apa (“father”) → apus (“dad”)

cica (“cat”) → cicus (“kitty”)

kutya (“dog”) → kutyus (“pooch, puppy”)

(diminutive suffix) Added to a proper noun or other nouns to create a diminutive noun.

agronómus (“agronomist”)

A distinguishable foreign word ending in nouns. It cannot be considered as an independent Hungarian suffix.

From -u (diminutive suffix) + -s (diminutive suffix).


-us

pääl (“above”) + -us → päälys (“surface”)

-us (nominative singular)
-ukset (nominative plural)
-uksen (genitive singular)
-uksiin (genitive plural)
-usta (partitive singular)
-ust (partitive singular)
-uksia (partitive plural)
-uksee (illative singular)
-uksii (illative plural)
-uksees (inessive singular)
-uksiis (inessive plural)
-uksest (elative singular)
-uksist (elative plural)
-ukselle (allative singular)
-uksille (allative plural)
-ukseel (adessive singular)
-uksiil (adessive plural)
-ukselt (ablative singular)
-uksilt (ablative plural)
-ukseks (singular translative)
-uksiks (plural translative)
-uksenna (essive singular)
-ukseen (essive singular)
-uksinna (essive plural)
-uksiin (essive plural)
-uksent (exessive singular)
-uksint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *-us. Cognates include Finnish -us.


-us

-us (nominative singular)
-uet (nominative plural)
-uen (genitive singular)
-uksiin (genitive plural)
-utta (partitive singular)
-uksia (partitive plural)
-uee (illative singular)
-uksii (illative plural)
-uees (inessive singular)
-uksiis (inessive plural)
-uest (elative singular)
-uksist (elative plural)
-uelle (allative singular)
-uksille (allative plural)
-ueel (adessive singular)
-uksiil (adessive plural)
-uelt (ablative singular)
-uksilt (ablative plural)
-ueks (singular translative)
-uksiks (plural translative)
-uenna (essive singular)
-ueen (essive singular)
-uksinna (essive plural)
-uksiin (essive plural)
-uent (exessive singular)
-uksint (exessive plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


-us

suffix of nouns in the second declension.

vīrus (“a poisonous or acrid secretion”); vulgus (“common people”); pelagus (“sea”)

(not productive) nominative/accusative/vocative singular of -us for second-declension neuter nouns.

first
Appendix:Latin first declension#English

suffix of adjectives in the first/second declension.

(New Latin) suffix used to Latinize names ending in consonants.

From Old Latin -os, from Proto-Italic *-os, from Proto-Indo-European *-os (adjectival ending). Cognate with Ancient Greek -ος (-os), Proto-Germanic *-az, Icelandic -ur, Sanskrit -अः (-aḥ), Proto-Slavic *-ъ.


-us

third declension
Appendix:Latin third declension#English

ending of some neuter nouns in the third declension.

nominative/accusative/vocative singular of -us

desc

Romanian: -uri (final vowel replaced due to analogy with feminine plural forms)

Sicilian: -ura, -ira, -ara

Generally from Proto-Indo-European *-os (suffix forming neuter s-stem nouns from verbs), as in genus n from *ǵénh₁os n (“race”). Not a productive derivational suffix in Latin. The plural and oblique case forms have -r- as the result of the sound change of rhotacism. Additionally, in many words, the oblique stem has the vowel -ĕ- (as in generis), which is generally taken to be the phonetically regular development of the Proto-Indo-European forms. Some words, such as as decus, decoris, instead have -ŏ- in the oblique stem; this is the result of analogical introduction of the rounded vowel from the nominative/accusative singular form.


-us

nominative/vocative singular of -us for nouns in the fourth declension.

Not a single suffix, but an ending of various miscellaneous origins. In most words, from Old Latin -us, from Proto-Italic *-us, from Proto-Indo-European *-us as the final part of Proto-Indo-European *-tus (suffix deriving action nouns from verb roots).


-us

nominative/vocative plural of -us for fourth-declension nouns.

genitive singular of -us for fourth-declension nouns.

accusative plural of -us for fourth-declension nouns.


-us

ardýti (“take apart”) → ardùs (“crumbly”)

kalbėti (“talk”) → kalbùs (“talkative”)

Adjectival suffix, applied to verbal and nominal roots to denote a disposal or tendency towards something

-ùs (canonical masculine stress-pattern-4)
-ù (neuter positive)
-ùs (masculine nominative singular)
-ūs (masculine nominative plural positive)
-ì (feminine nominative positive singular)
-ios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-aũs (genitive masculine singular)
-ių̃ (genitive masculine plural positive)
-iõs (feminine genitive positive singular)
-ių̃ (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iám (dative masculine singular)
-íems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iai (dative feminine positive singular)
-ióms (dative feminine plural positive)
-ų (accusative masculine singular)
-iùs (accusative masculine plural positive)
-ią (accusative feminine positive singular)
-iàs (accusative feminine plural positive)
-iù (instrumental masculine singular)
-iaĩs (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ià (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iomìs (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iamè (locative masculine singular)
-iuosè (locative masculine plural positive)
-iojè (feminine locative positive singular)
-iosè (feminine locative plural positive)
-ùs (masculine singular vocative)
-ūs (masculine plural positive vocative)
-ì (feminine positive singular vocative)
-ios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-iaũ (comparative feminine neuter)
-èsnis (masculine nominative singular)
-esnì (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-èsnė (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-èsnės (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-èsnio (genitive masculine singular)
-esnių̃ (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-esnė̃s (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-esnių̃ (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-esniám (dative masculine singular)
-esníems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-èsnei (comparative dative feminine singular)
-esnė̃ms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-èsnį (accusative masculine singular)
-esniùs (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-èsnę (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-esnès (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-esniù (instrumental masculine singular)
-esniaĩs (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-esnè (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-esnėmìs (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-esniamè (locative masculine singular)
-esniuosè (comparative locative masculine plural)
-èsnėje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-esnėsè (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iáusia (feminine neuter superlative)
-iáusias (masculine nominative singular)
-iáusi (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusia (nominative singular superlative)
-iáusios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusio (genitive masculine singular)
-iáusių (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iáusios (genitive singular superlative)
-iáusių (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iáusiam (dative masculine singular)
-iáusiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiai (dative singular superlative)
-iáusioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusią (accusative masculine singular)
-iáusius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusią (accusative singular superlative)
-iáusias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiu (instrumental masculine singular)
-iáusiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iáusia (instrumental singular superlative)
-iáusiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iáusiame (locative masculine singular)
-iáusiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusioje (locative singular superlative)
-iáusiose (feminine locative plural superlative)
-ùsis (masculine nominative positive singular)
-íeji (masculine nominative plural positive)
-ióji (feminine nominative positive singular)
-iosios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-iojo (genitive masculine positive singular)
-ių̃jų (genitive masculine plural positive)
-iõsios (feminine genitive positive singular)
-ių̃jų (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iájam (dative masculine positive singular)
-íesiems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iajai (dative feminine positive singular)
-iósioms (dative feminine plural positive)
-ųjį (accusative masculine positive singular)
-iúosius (accusative masculine plural positive)
-iąją (accusative feminine positive singular)
-ią́sias (accusative feminine plural positive)
-iúoju (instrumental masculine positive singular)
-iaĩsiais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ią́ja (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iõsiomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iãjame (locative masculine positive singular)
-iuõsiuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-iõjoje (feminine locative positive singular)
-iõsiose (feminine locative plural positive)
-ùsis (masculine positive singular vocative)
-íeji (masculine plural positive vocative)
-ióji (feminine positive singular vocative)
-iosios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-esnỹsis (comparative masculine nominative singular)
-esníeji (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-esnióji (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-èsniosios (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-èsniojo (comparative genitive masculine singular)
-esnių̃jų (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-esniõsios (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-esnių̃jų (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-esniájam (comparative dative masculine singular)
-esníesiems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-èsniajai (comparative dative feminine singular)
-esniósioms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-èsnįjį (accusative comparative masculine singular)
-esniúosius (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-èsniąją (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-esnią́sias (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-esniúoju (comparative instrumental masculine singular)
-esniaĩsiais (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-esnią́ja (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-esniõsiomis (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-esniãjame (comparative locative masculine singular)
-esniuõsiuose (comparative locative masculine plural)
-esniõjoje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-esniõsiose (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iáusiasis (masculine nominative singular superlative)
-iáusieji (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusioji (nominative singular superlative)
-iáusiosios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusiojo (genitive masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiųjų (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiosios (genitive singular superlative)
-iáusiųjų (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iáusiajam (dative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiesiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiajai (dative singular superlative)
-iáusiosioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiąjį (accusative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiuosius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiąją (accusative singular superlative)
-iáusiąsias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiuoju (instrumental masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiaisiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiąja (instrumental singular superlative)
-iáusiosiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iáusiajame (locative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiuosiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiojoje (locative singular superlative)
-iáusiosiose (feminine locative plural superlative)

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-ós (“adjectival ending”). Pairs such as lañkas (“bend”) : lankùs (“flexible”) find parallels in Sanskrit रुधिर (rúdhira-, “blood”) : रुधिर (rudhirá-, “red”), Ancient Greek δόλιχος (dólikhos, “a long run”) : δολιχός (dolikhós, “long”) and suggest that oxytone stress was used to mark adjectives in Proto-Indo-European. In Proto-Balto-Slavic, the raising of *o to *u must have been conditioned by stress, with the ending *-os giving Lithuanian -ùs under stress and -as otherwise.


-us

alùs (“beer”) (< Proto-Indo-European *h₂elu-)

sūnùs (“son”) (< Proto-Indo-European *suHnús)

Masculine nominal singular ending for u-stem nouns and adjectives.

-us (canonical)
-ùs (canonical masculine)
-ùs (nominative singular)
-ūs (nominative plural)
-aũs (genitive singular)
-ų̃ (genitive plural)
-ui (dative singular)
-ùms (dative plural)
-ų (accusative singular)
-ùs (accusative plural)
-umì (instrumental singular)
-umìs (instrumental plural)
-ujè (locative singular)
-uosè (locative plural)
-aũ (singular vocative)
-ūs (plural vocative)
-u (neuter positive)
-us (masculine nominative singular)
-ūs (masculine nominative plural positive)
-i (feminine nominative positive singular)
-ios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-aus (genitive masculine singular)
-ių (genitive masculine plural positive)
-ios (feminine genitive positive singular)
-ių (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iam (dative masculine singular)
-iems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iai (dative feminine positive singular)
-ioms (dative feminine plural positive)
-ų (accusative masculine singular)
-ius (accusative masculine plural positive)
-ią (accusative feminine positive singular)
-ias (accusative feminine plural positive)
-iu (instrumental masculine singular)
-iais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ia (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iame (locative masculine singular)
-iuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-ioje (feminine locative positive singular)
-iose (feminine locative plural positive)
-us (masculine singular vocative)
-ūs (masculine plural positive vocative)
-i (feminine positive singular vocative)
-ios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-iaũ (comparative feminine neuter)
-èsnis (masculine nominative singular)
-esnì (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-èsnė (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-èsnės (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-èsnio (genitive masculine singular)
-esnių̃ (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-esnė̃s (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-esnių̃ (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-esniám (dative masculine singular)
-esníems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-èsnei (comparative dative feminine singular)
-esnė̃ms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-èsnį (accusative masculine singular)
-esniùs (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-èsnę (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-esnès (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-esniù (instrumental masculine singular)
-esniaĩs (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-esnè (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-esnėmìs (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-esniamè (locative masculine singular)
-esniuosè (comparative locative masculine plural)
-èsnėje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-esnėsè (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iáusia (feminine neuter superlative)
-iáusias (masculine nominative singular)
-iáusi (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusia (nominative singular superlative)
-iáusios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusio (genitive masculine singular)
-iáusių (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iáusios (genitive singular superlative)
-iáusių (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iáusiam (dative masculine singular)
-iáusiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiai (dative singular superlative)
-iáusioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusią (accusative masculine singular)
-iáusius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusią (accusative singular superlative)
-iáusias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiu (instrumental masculine singular)
-iáusiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iáusia (instrumental singular superlative)
-iáusiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iáusiame (locative masculine singular)
-iáusiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusioje (locative singular superlative)
-iáusiose (feminine locative plural superlative)
-ùsis (masculine nominative positive singular)
-íeji (masculine nominative plural positive)
-ióji (feminine nominative positive singular)
-iosios (feminine nominative plural positive)
-iojo (genitive masculine positive singular)
-ių̃jų (genitive masculine plural positive)
-iõsios (feminine genitive positive singular)
-ių̃jų (feminine genitive plural positive)
-iájam (dative masculine positive singular)
-íesiems (dative masculine plural positive)
-iajai (dative feminine positive singular)
-iósioms (dative feminine plural positive)
-ųjį (accusative masculine positive singular)
-iúosius (accusative masculine plural positive)
-iąją (accusative feminine positive singular)
-ią́sias (accusative feminine plural positive)
-iúoju (instrumental masculine positive singular)
-iaĩsiais (instrumental masculine plural positive)
-ią́ja (feminine instrumental positive singular)
-iõsiomis (feminine instrumental plural positive)
-iãjame (locative masculine positive singular)
-iuõsiuose (locative masculine plural positive)
-iõjoje (feminine locative positive singular)
-iõsiose (feminine locative plural positive)
-ùsis (masculine positive singular vocative)
-íeji (masculine plural positive vocative)
-ióji (feminine positive singular vocative)
-iosios (feminine plural positive vocative)
-esnỹsis (comparative masculine nominative singular)
-esníeji (comparative masculine nominative plural)
-esnióji (comparative feminine nominative singular)
-èsniosios (comparative feminine nominative plural)
-èsniojo (comparative genitive masculine singular)
-esnių̃jų (comparative genitive masculine plural)
-esniõsios (comparative feminine genitive singular)
-esnių̃jų (comparative feminine genitive plural)
-esniájam (comparative dative masculine singular)
-esníesiems (comparative dative masculine plural)
-èsniajai (comparative dative feminine singular)
-esniósioms (comparative dative feminine plural)
-èsnįjį (accusative comparative masculine singular)
-esniúosius (accusative comparative masculine plural)
-èsniąją (accusative comparative feminine singular)
-esnią́sias (accusative comparative feminine plural)
-esniúoju (comparative instrumental masculine singular)
-esniaĩsiais (comparative instrumental masculine plural)
-esnią́ja (comparative feminine instrumental singular)
-esniõsiomis (comparative feminine instrumental plural)
-esniãjame (comparative locative masculine singular)
-esniuõsiuose (comparative locative masculine plural)
-esniõjoje (comparative feminine locative singular)
-esniõsiose (comparative feminine locative plural)
-iáusiasis (masculine nominative singular superlative)
-iáusieji (masculine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusioji (nominative singular superlative)
-iáusiosios (feminine nominative plural superlative)
-iáusiojo (genitive masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiųjų (genitive masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiosios (genitive singular superlative)
-iáusiųjų (feminine genitive plural superlative)
-iáusiajam (dative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiesiems (dative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiajai (dative singular superlative)
-iáusiosioms (dative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiąjį (accusative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiuosius (accusative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiąją (accusative singular superlative)
-iáusiąsias (accusative feminine plural superlative)
-iáusiuoju (instrumental masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiaisiais (instrumental masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiąja (instrumental singular superlative)
-iáusiosiomis (feminine instrumental plural superlative)
-iáusiajame (locative masculine singular superlative)
-iáusiuosiuose (locative masculine plural superlative)
-iáusiojoje (locative singular superlative)
-iáusiosiose (feminine locative plural superlative)

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-us, reflecting Proto-Indo-European u-stems.


-us

Used to form accusative plurals of masculine a- and u-stem nouns.

Used to form accusative plurals of masculine a-stem adjectives.

From an older *-uos (compare the pronominal ending -uosius). From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-ons; compare Latvian -us, Old Prussian -ans, Proto-Slavic *-y. From Proto-Indo-European *-ons (“accusative plural ending”), also reflected in Ancient Greek -ους (-ous), Latin -ōs, Sanskrit -आन् (-ān) and Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐍃 (-ans).


-us

bū́ti (“to be”) → bùvo (“was”) → bùvus (“having been”)

slė̃pti (“hide”) → past frequentative slė̃pdavo (“hid”) → slė̃pdavus (“having hidden”)

Used to form the past adverbial (padalyvis) participle

From Proto-Indo-European *-wōs. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *-vъ. See also -usi.


-us

Used to form action nouns from verbs; -ion

From Proto-Finnic *-us. Cognates include Finnish -us and Estonian -us.


-us

-ous, full of, prone to; used to form adjectives from nouns

Welsh: -us

From Proto-Brythonic *-ʉs, from Latin -ōsus. Cognate with Cornish -us.


-us

vuošˈšat (“to cook”) + -us → vuoššus (“something to be cooked”)

muitalit (“to tell”) + -us → muitalus (“something to be told; story”)

Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something that is to have the verb's action performed on it.

juohkit (“to divide”) + -us → juogus (“division, section”)

Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something that results from having the verb's action performed.

-us (nominative singular)
-usat (nominative plural)
-usa (accusative singular)
-usiid (accusative plural)
-usa (genitive singular)
-usiid (genitive plural)
-usii (illative singular)
-usiidda (illative plural)
-usis (locative singular)
-usiin (locative plural)
-usiin (comitative singular)
-usiiguin (comitative plural)
-usin (essive)
-usan (first-person possessive singular)
-useamẹ (dual first-person possessive)
-useamẹt (first-person plural possessive)
-usat (possessive second-person singular)
-useattẹ (dual possessive second-person)
-useattẹt (plural possessive second-person)
-usis (possessive singular third-person)
-useaskkạ (dual possessive third-person)
-useasẹt (plural possessive third-person)
-us (nominative singular)
-usat (nominative plural)
-usa (accusative singular)
-usaid (accusative plural)
-usa (genitive singular)
-usaid (genitive plural)
-ussii (illative singular)
-usaide (illative plural)
-usas (locative singular)
-usain (locative plural)
-usain (comitative singular)
-usaiguin (comitative plural)
-ussan (essive)
-ussan (first-person possessive singular)
-ussame (dual first-person possessive)
-ussamet (first-person plural possessive)
-ussat (possessive second-person singular)
-ussade (dual possessive second-person)
-ussadet (plural possessive second-person)
-ussas (possessive singular third-person)
-ussaska (dual possessive third-person)
-ussaset (plural possessive third-person)


-us

desctree

Middle French: -eux
French: -eux
→ Danish: -øs
→ Dutch: -eus
→ German: -ös
→ Norwegian: -øs
→ Swedish: -ös

Norman: -eux

→ Middle English: -ous, -os, -ose, -ouse, -ows, -owse, -us, -ws
English: -ous


-us

her (object pronoun), it (in reference to a feminine noun)

L means this form triggers lenition.N means this form triggers nasalization(N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.


-us

sługa + -us → sługus

Kraków + -us → krakus


-us

Finnish: -us

From *-s. The *-u- may be generalized from derivatives and/or by confusion with *-uc. The term may also derive more directly from Proto-Uralic *-wikse. Perhaps also more directly from *-u + *-s.


-us

Finnish: -us


-us

Forms adjectives from Caland system roots.

-us (nominative singular)
é-us (nominative singular)
é₁ (dual nominative)
é₁e (dual nominative)
-ewes (nominative plural)
é-ewes (nominative plural)
-u (singular vocative)
é-u (singular vocative)
é₁ (dual vocative)
é₁e (dual vocative)
-ewes (plural vocative)
é-ewes (plural vocative)
-um (accusative singular)
é-um (accusative singular)
é₁ (accusative dual)
é₁e (accusative dual)
-ums (accusative plural)
é-ums (accusative plural)
-éws (genitive singular)
Ø-éws (genitive singular)
-éwoHom (genitive plural)
Ø-éwoHom (genitive plural)
-éws (ablative singular)
Ø-éws (ablative singular)
-úmos (ablative plural)
Ø-úmos (ablative plural)
-éwey (dative singular)
Ø-éwey (dative singular)
-úmos (dative plural)
Ø-úmos (dative plural)
-éw (locative singular)
Ø-éw (locative singular)
-éwi (locative singular)
Ø-éwi (locative singular)
-úsu (locative plural)
Ø-úsu (locative plural)
-úh₁ (instrumental singular)
Ø-úh₁ (instrumental singular)
-úmis (instrumental plural)
Ø-úmis (instrumental plural)
Ø₁ (dual nominative)
Ø₁e (dual nominative)
Ø₁ (dual vocative)
Ø₁e (dual vocative)
Ø₁ (accusative dual)
Ø₁e (accusative dual)
-u (nominative singular)
é-u (nominative singular)
-u (accusative singular)
é-u (accusative singular)
-ús (nominative singular)
Ø-ús (nominative singular)
-úh₁ (dual nominative)
Ø₁ (dual nominative)
Ø₁e (dual nominative)
-úes (nominative plural)
Ø-úes (nominative plural)
-ú (singular vocative)
Ø-ú (singular vocative)
-úh₁ (dual vocative)
Ø₁ (dual vocative)
Ø₁e (dual vocative)
-úes (plural vocative)
Ø-úes (plural vocative)
-úm (accusative singular)
Ø-úm (accusative singular)
-úh₁ (accusative dual)
Ø₁ (accusative dual)
Ø₁e (accusative dual)
-úms (accusative plural)
Ø-úms (accusative plural)
-éws (genitive singular)
Ø-éws (genitive singular)
-éwoHom (genitive plural)
Ø-éwoHom (genitive plural)
-éws (ablative singular)
Ø-éws (ablative singular)
-éwmos (ablative plural)
Ø-éwmos (ablative plural)
-éwey (dative singular)
Ø-éwey (dative singular)
-éwmos (dative plural)
Ø-éwmos (dative plural)
-éw (locative singular)
Ø-éw (locative singular)
-éwi (locative singular)
Ø-éwi (locative singular)
-éwsu (locative plural)
Ø-éwsu (locative plural)
Ø-éwh₁ (instrumental singular)
-éwmis (instrumental plural)
Ø-éwmis (instrumental plural)
-ú (nominative singular)
Ø-ú (nominative singular)
Ø-úyh₁ (dual nominative)
-úh₂ (nominative plural)
Ø-úh₂ (nominative plural)
Ø-úyh₁ (dual vocative)
-úh₂ (plural vocative)
Ø-úh₂ (plural vocative)
-ú (accusative singular)
Ø-ú (accusative singular)
Ø-úyh₁ (accusative dual)
-úh₂ (accusative plural)
Ø-úh₂ (accusative plural)


-us

(taxonomy) Used to form taxonomic names.


-us

blas (“taste”) + -us → blasus (“tasty”)

gwybod (“to know”) + -us → gwybodus (“knowledgeable”)

anffawd (“misfortune”) + -us → anffodus (“unfortunate”)

adjectival suffix often indicating a characteristic, propensity or abundance

chemical nomenclature
chemical nomenclature#English

chemical compound
chemical compound#English

chemical element
chemical element#English

oxidation number
oxidation number#English

(chemistry) -ous, Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ig. For example asid nitrus (“nitrous acid, HNO₂”) has fewer oxygen atoms per molecule than asid nitrig (“nitric acid, HNO₃”).

From Middle Welsh -us, from Proto-Brythonic *-ʉs, from Latin -ōsus. Cognate with Cornish -us, Breton -us and English -ous.