See -kati on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-i-kati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-i-kajǫ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-u-kati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-u-kajǫ"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-y-kati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-y-kajǫ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-кати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -кати (-kati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -кати (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-каць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -каць (-kacʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -каць (-kacʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-кать"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -кать (-katʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -кать (-katʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-кати"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -кати (-katy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -кати (-katy)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: -кати (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⰽⰰⱅⰹ (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-кам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -кам (-kam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -кам (-kam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ка-"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ка- (-ka-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ка- (-ka-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-кати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -кати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -кати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-kati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -kati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -kati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-kati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -kati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -kati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-kat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -kat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -kat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-kać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -kać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -kać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-kať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -kať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -kať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-kać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -kać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -kać"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-kaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -kaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -kaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-ke-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -ke-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ic-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ic-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-kōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-kōną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-k"
},
"expansion": "English -k",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Proto-Slavic, and probably Proto-Indo-European, many onomatopoeic sounds ended in */k/; for example:\n* *bьlkъ! → *bьlkati, *bьlčǫ/bьlkajǫ (“to sound like a blazing fire or boiling water; to babble, chatter”)\n* post-PIE *plāk- (“to beat, whip”) → *plakati, *plačǫ (sę) (“to beat, whip (oneself), cry, lament”)\nThis caused the suffix *-k- to be reinterpreted as having expressive/onomatopoeic meaning.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ke-, -kėti, Latin -ic- (as in e.g. fod-ic-ō) and Ancient Greek -κα- (-ka-). Similar to Proto-Germanic *-kōną (and from there with English -k, German -chen, etc) even though technically not cognates.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-kati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kati",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"english": "parallel formation with the same meaning",
"word": "-čati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-pati"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 35 39",
"word": "-tati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 35 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ble! → *blekati, *blečǫ/*blekajǫ (“to sound like a sheep”)"
},
{
"text": "kra! → *krakati, *kračǫ (“to sound like a crow”)"
},
{
"text": "kva! → *kvakati, *kvačǫ/*kvakajǫ (“to sound like a frog, crow or duck”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates onomatopoeic verbs denoting an action of mimicking a sound in the root."
],
"id": "en--kati-sla-pro-suffix-kiYYuKHH",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 35 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bakati, *bakajǫ (“to shout, scold, chatter”) : *bajati (“to speak, order, bewitch”)"
},
{
"text": "blǫkati, *blǫkajǫ (“to loiter, wander”) : *blǫditi (“id.”)"
},
{
"text": "brukati, *brukajǫ (“to soil, pollute”) : *bruditi (“id.”)"
},
{
"text": "čakati, *čakajǫ (“to wait”) : *čajati/*čati, *čajǫ (“id.”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates expressive and emotionally colored verbs."
],
"id": "en--kati-sla-pro-suffix-6p6DJ0HI",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "14 49 37",
"sense": "after a consonant",
"word": "-ьkati"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 49 37",
"sense": "after a consonant",
"word": "-ьcati"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 34 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 35 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 35 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "běžati (“to run, quickly move”) → *běžьkati, *běžьkajǫ (“to walk, run”) (of children)"
},
{
"text": "bosti, bodǫ (“prickle, prick”) → *bodьcati, *bodьcajǫ (“to often lightly poke”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates hypocoristic and diminutive verbs."
],
"id": "en--kati-sla-pro-suffix-piWooM5C",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, from the previous meaning) Creates hypocoristic and diminutive verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"from the previous meaning"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "25 39 37",
"sense": "assimilated form, with voiced */k/",
"word": "-gati"
}
],
"word": "-kati"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-kati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-kati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-kati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-kati",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-kati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-кати",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-kati (Cyrillic spelling -кати)",
"name": "sh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kucati → kuckati"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix that turns verbs into diminutives."
],
"id": "en--kati-sh-suffix-A1p7efg4",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kati"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀kádí"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀kádí",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀kádí.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-kati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Feminine suffix."
],
"id": "en--kati-ss-suffix-j0GFWRe~",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kati"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic verb-forming suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-i-kati"
},
{
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-i-kajǫ"
},
{
"word": "-u-kati"
},
{
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-u-kajǫ"
},
{
"word": "-y-kati"
},
{
"english": "extended form",
"word": "-y-kajǫ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-кати"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -кати (-kati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -кати (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-каць"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -каць (-kacʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -каць (-kacʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-кать"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -кать (-katʹ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -кать (-katʹ)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-кати"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -кати (-katy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -кати (-katy)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cyrillic: -кати (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Glagolitic: -ⰽⰰⱅⰹ (-kati)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-кам"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -кам (-kam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -кам (-kam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ка-"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ка- (-ka-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ка- (-ka-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-кати",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -кати",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -кати"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-kati",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -kati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -kati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-kati"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -kati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -kati"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-kat"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -kat",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -kat"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-kać"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -kać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -kać"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-kať"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -kať",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -kať"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-kać"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -kać",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -kać"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-kaś"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -kaś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -kaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-ke-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -ke-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ic-"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ic-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-kōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-kōną",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-k"
},
"expansion": "English -k",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-chen"
},
"expansion": "German -chen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Proto-Slavic, and probably Proto-Indo-European, many onomatopoeic sounds ended in */k/; for example:\n* *bьlkъ! → *bьlkati, *bьlčǫ/bьlkajǫ (“to sound like a blazing fire or boiling water; to babble, chatter”)\n* post-PIE *plāk- (“to beat, whip”) → *plakati, *plačǫ (sę) (“to beat, whip (oneself), cry, lament”)\nThis caused the suffix *-k- to be reinterpreted as having expressive/onomatopoeic meaning.\nCognate with Lithuanian -ke-, -kėti, Latin -ic- (as in e.g. fod-ic-ō) and Ancient Greek -κα- (-ka-). Similar to Proto-Germanic *-kōną (and from there with English -k, German -chen, etc) even though technically not cognates.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-kati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-kati",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "parallel formation with the same meaning",
"word": "-čati"
},
{
"word": "-pati"
},
{
"word": "-tati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ble! → *blekati, *blečǫ/*blekajǫ (“to sound like a sheep”)"
},
{
"text": "kra! → *krakati, *kračǫ (“to sound like a crow”)"
},
{
"text": "kva! → *kvakati, *kvačǫ/*kvakajǫ (“to sound like a frog, crow or duck”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates onomatopoeic verbs denoting an action of mimicking a sound in the root."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bakati, *bakajǫ (“to shout, scold, chatter”) : *bajati (“to speak, order, bewitch”)"
},
{
"text": "blǫkati, *blǫkajǫ (“to loiter, wander”) : *blǫditi (“id.”)"
},
{
"text": "brukati, *brukajǫ (“to soil, pollute”) : *bruditi (“id.”)"
},
{
"text": "čakati, *čakajǫ (“to wait”) : *čajati/*čati, *čajǫ (“id.”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates expressive and emotionally colored verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "běžati (“to run, quickly move”) → *běžьkati, *běžьkajǫ (“to walk, run”) (of children)"
},
{
"text": "bosti, bodǫ (“prickle, prick”) → *bodьcati, *bodьcajǫ (“to often lightly poke”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates hypocoristic and diminutive verbs."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, from the previous meaning) Creates hypocoristic and diminutive verbs."
],
"raw_tags": [
"from the previous meaning"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "after a consonant",
"word": "-ьkati"
},
{
"sense": "after a consonant",
"word": "-ьcati"
},
{
"sense": "assimilated form, with voiced */k/",
"word": "-gati"
}
],
"word": "-kati"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-kati",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-kati",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-kati"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-kati",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-kati.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-кати",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-kati (Cyrillic spelling -кати)",
"name": "sh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian suffixes",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kucati → kuckati"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix that turns verbs into diminutives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kati"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "bnt-pro",
"3": "*mʊ̀kádí"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀kádí",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀kádí.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ss",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-kati",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swazi",
"lang_code": "ss",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swazi entries with incorrect language header",
"Swazi lemmas",
"Swazi suffixes",
"Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu",
"Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu"
],
"glosses": [
"Feminine suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-kati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -kati meaning in All languages combined (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.