See -었- on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-엇〮-",
"2": "-és-",
"5": "stative continuous suffix"
},
"expansion": "엇〮 (Yale: -és-, stative continuous suffix)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-엣〮-",
"2": "-éys-",
"5": "stative continuous suffix"
},
"expansion": "엣〮 (Yale: -éys-, stative continuous suffix)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-어〮 잇-",
"2": "-é ìs-"
},
"expansion": "어〮 잇 (Yale: -é ìs-)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "잇다〮",
"2": "ìs-tá"
},
"expansion": "잇다〮 (Yale: ìs-tá)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "-어 있다",
"nocap": "y"
},
"expansion": "doublet of 어 있다 (-eo itda)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Korean 엇〮 (Yale: -és-, stative continuous suffix), which is a simplification of 엣〮 (Yale: -éys-, stative continuous suffix). Both forms appeared in the 15th century as contractions of 어〮 잇 (Yale: -é ìs-) with auxiliary 잇다〮 (Yale: ìs-tá). The past tense meaning developed from a seventeenth-century semantic shift of \"one exists in a state of having VERBed\" to \"VERBed\". Hence doublet of 어 있다 (-eo itda).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "었",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-eot-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "었 • (-eot-)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
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{
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"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He died (and is still dead).",
"roman": "Jugeotda.",
"text": "죽었다.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's gone to Busan (and he is still likely there or he may not be there anymore).",
"roman": "Busan-e gass-eo-yo.",
"text": "부산에 갔어요.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Today I was very thankful (and I still am), it was very fun.",
"roman": "Oneul jeongmal gomawoss-eo... Neomu jaemisseoss-eo.",
"text": "오늘 정말 고마웠어... 너무 재밌었어.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A phone call has come in (the phone is still ringing).",
"roman": "Jeonhwa-ga wat-seumnida.",
"text": "전화가 왔습니다.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I met up with my friend yesterday.",
"roman": "Na-neun eoje chin'gu-reul mannass-eo-yo.",
"text": "나는 어제 친구를 만났어요.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ed: A general past tense marker going onto the main verb, adjective or copula of the sentence; it often carries a perfect meaning."
],
"id": "en--었--ko-suffix-eK6m3gOA",
"links": [
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
],
[
"perfect",
"w:Perfect_(grammar)"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "hada",
"word": "였 — used after 하다 verbs and adjectives"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʌ̹t̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "얻"
},
{
"other": "[얻]"
}
],
"word": "-었-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "okm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-엇〮-",
"2": "-és-",
"5": "stative continuous suffix"
},
"expansion": "엇〮 (Yale: -és-, stative continuous suffix)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-엣〮-",
"2": "-éys-",
"5": "stative continuous suffix"
},
"expansion": "엣〮 (Yale: -éys-, stative continuous suffix)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-어〮 잇-",
"2": "-é ìs-"
},
"expansion": "어〮 잇 (Yale: -é ìs-)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "잇다〮",
"2": "ìs-tá"
},
"expansion": "잇다〮 (Yale: ìs-tá)",
"name": "okm-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "-어 있다",
"nocap": "y"
},
"expansion": "doublet of 어 있다 (-eo itda)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Korean 엇〮 (Yale: -és-, stative continuous suffix), which is a simplification of 엣〮 (Yale: -éys-, stative continuous suffix). Both forms appeared in the 15th century as contractions of 어〮 잇 (Yale: -é ìs-) with auxiliary 잇다〮 (Yale: ìs-tá). The past tense meaning developed from a seventeenth-century semantic shift of \"one exists in a state of having VERBed\" to \"VERBed\". Hence doublet of 어 있다 (-eo itda).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "었",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "-eot-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "었 • (-eot-)",
"name": "ko-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean doublets",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean suffixes",
"Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Korean terms with usage examples",
"Korean yin-vowel forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He died (and is still dead).",
"roman": "Jugeotda.",
"text": "죽었다.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's gone to Busan (and he is still likely there or he may not be there anymore).",
"roman": "Busan-e gass-eo-yo.",
"text": "부산에 갔어요.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Today I was very thankful (and I still am), it was very fun.",
"roman": "Oneul jeongmal gomawoss-eo... Neomu jaemisseoss-eo.",
"text": "오늘 정말 고마웠어... 너무 재밌었어.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "A phone call has come in (the phone is still ringing).",
"roman": "Jeonhwa-ga wat-seumnida.",
"text": "전화가 왔습니다.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I met up with my friend yesterday.",
"roman": "Na-neun eoje chin'gu-reul mannass-eo-yo.",
"text": "나는 어제 친구를 만났어요.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ed: A general past tense marker going onto the main verb, adjective or copula of the sentence; it often carries a perfect meaning."
],
"links": [
[
"-ed",
"-ed"
],
[
"perfect",
"w:Perfect_(grammar)"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ʌ̹t̚]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "얻"
},
{
"other": "[얻]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "hada",
"word": "였 — used after 하다 verbs and adjectives"
}
],
"word": "-었-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -었- meaning in All languages combined (3.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.