See -შ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "-ში",
"bor": "1",
"id": "surname"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: -ში (-ši)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: -ში (-ši)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-is₁",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-is₁"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ş",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ş",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ში",
"roman": "-şi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ჲი",
"roman": "-yi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "Latin spelling",
"4": "-ş",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"head": "-შ"
},
"expansion": "-შ • (-ş) (Latin spelling -ş)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Laz",
"lang_code": "lzz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
19,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
21
]
],
"english": "Creek water (water of creek) floods the garden when it rains.",
"roman": "mç̌ima mç̌imayiz ğalişi ǯǩari livadiz maťalen.",
"text": "მჭიმა მჭიმაჲიზ ღალიში წკარი ლივადიზ მატალენ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-q-XIh6P3",
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to the nouns",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to the nouns)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
24,
26
],
[
27,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
18
],
[
18,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
18
],
[
18,
20
]
],
"english": "Hasan is breaking the roof of his house from the bottom up.",
"roman": "xasanik oxori-muşişi otva eťaxums.",
"text": "ხასანიქ ოხორი-მუშიში ოთვა ეტახუმს.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-q-XIh6P31",
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to the pronoun in the genitive case after the noun",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to the pronoun in the genitive case after the noun)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
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{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "Cut me some soft bread.",
"roman": "lulu carişi elemiǩvaťi.",
"text": "ლულუ ჯარიში ელემიკვატი.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-q-XIh6P31",
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to nouns; part of something; part of something",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to nouns)",
"(part of something)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "Unripe hazelnuts make very good baklava.",
"roman": "ğiżi ntxirişi dido ǩayi nostonyayi baklava iven.",
"text": "ღიძი ნთხირიში დიდო კაჲი ნოსთონჲაჲი ბაქლავა ივენ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-q-XIh6P31",
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to nouns; raw material of something; raw material of something",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to nouns)",
"(raw material of something)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 2 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "The guy has no manners. He's spitting out the window.",
"roman": "ǩoçiz oncğoreşi var-uçkin. pencereşen galendo menç̌ǩvals.",
"text": "კოჩიზ ონჯღორეში ვარ-უჩქინ. ფენჯერეშენ გალენდო მენჭკვალს.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-q-XIh6P31",
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to nouns",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to nouns)",
"(used with the negative verb in the expression \"he doesn't understand anything\")"
],
"raw_tags": [
"used with the negative verb in the expression \"he doesn't understand anything\""
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 2 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "I've got a lot of what you're talking about.",
"roman": "na-iťťurşi opşa miğun.",
"text": "ნა-იტტურში ოფშა მიღუნ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-q-XIh6P31",
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "part of something",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(added to the noun clause, part of something)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to the noun clause"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 2 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ქჩე (kçe, “white”) + -შ (-ş) → ქჩეში (kçeşi, “the white one”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "მჭითა (mç̌ita, “red”) + -შ (-ş) → მჭითაში (mç̌itaşi, “the red one”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "მკულე (mǩule, “short”) + -შ (-ş) → მკულეში (mǩuleşi, “the short one”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns from adjectives meaning “the one having such a quality among the same category of things”"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-iOiaz0md",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arkabi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chkhala Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vitse Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "white fig",
"roman": "kçeşi luği",
"text": "ქჩეში ლუღი",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "clear coloured cherry",
"roman": "kçeşi mbuli",
"text": "ქჩეში მბული",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "white grapes",
"roman": "kçeşi urżeni",
"text": "ქჩეში ურძენი",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"english": "big variety of wild pigeon",
"roman": "mçxuş(i) ťoroci",
"text": "მჩხუშ(ი) ტოროჯი",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "small variety of wild pigeon",
"roman": "mç̌ipeş(i) ťoroci",
"text": "მჭიფეშ(ი) ტოროჯი",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "delicate work, subtle work",
"roman": "mç̌ipeş(i) dulya",
"text": "მჭიფეშ(ი) დულჲა",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives from adjectives meaning “of the variety having more or less such a quality”"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-ZtjYD41I",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Vitse–Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) forms adjectives from adjectives meaning “of the variety having more or less such a quality”"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"froms surnames"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-X5aGYdNT",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "I've got somewhere to go.",
"roman": "olvaşi miğun.",
"text": "ოლვაში მიღუნ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "I've got things to do.",
"roman": "oxvenuşi miğun.",
"text": "ოხვენუში მიღუნ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbal adjectives"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-suffix-imaXdIuC",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-შ"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-is₁",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-is₁"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ş",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ş",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ში",
"roman": "-şi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ჲი",
"roman": "-yi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "postposition",
"3": "Latin spelling",
"4": "-ş"
},
"expansion": "-შ • (-ş) (Latin spelling -ş)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Laz",
"lang_code": "lzz",
"pos": "postp",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vitse Laz",
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"source": "w"
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{
"_dis": "16 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 2 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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[
22,
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],
[
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[
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],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
],
[
31,
33
],
[
34,
37
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],
"english": "It wasn't nice when (s)he told everyone and didn't tell me (it broke my heart, to be honest).",
"roman": "iri-xoloz duǯvi do ma var-miǯvaşi var-ivu.",
"text": "ირი-ხოლოზ დუწვი დო მა ვარ-მიწვაში ვარ-ივუ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to negative verb)"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-postp-Zdrd9YBP",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Vitse) (clause attached to negative verb)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arkabi Laz",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chkhala Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 2 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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],
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[
49,
51
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],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
50
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],
"english": "The new bride is very shy. She blushes even when she speaks.",
"roman": "ağani noğamisa dido oncğoryayi ren. ip̌aramitamťaşi-ti p̌ici amç̌itanen.",
"text": "აღანი ნოღამისა დიდო ონჯღორჲაჲი რენ. იპარამითამტაში-თი პიჯი ამჭითანენ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"; while, when"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-postp-hFZOGn-q",
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
],
[
"when",
"when"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) (clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(imperfective + -შ (-ş)); while, when"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-შა"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arkabi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chkhala Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 2 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
18,
25
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],
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[
15,
17
],
[
21,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
],
[
21,
23
]
],
"english": "The thread breaks because it's rotten.",
"roman": "noǩepe xʒaperi na-renşi ç̌ǩodun",
"text": "ნოკეფე ხცაფერი ნა-რენში ჭკოდუნ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(ნა- (na-) + imperfective + -შ (-ş)); due to"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-postp-TyJsjw4h",
"links": [
[
"ნა-",
"ნა-#Laz"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) (clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(Akçakoca) (ნა- (na-) + imperfective + -შ (-ş)); due to"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-შა"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arkabi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chkhala Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 2 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
22,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
24
]
],
"english": "When they make noise upstairs, my father pokes (the ceiling) with a stick from below.",
"roman": "jin ǩaťiz gyurulti vanşi babak tudelen bigate eǯontxams.",
"text": "ჟინ კატიზ გჲურულთი ვანში ბაბაქ თუდელენ ბიგათე ეწონთხამს.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"; when"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-postp-jXsxQfSb",
"links": [
[
"when",
"when"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) (clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(perfective + -შ (-ş)); when"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-შა"
},
{
"word": "-სის"
},
{
"word": "-სი"
},
{
"word": "-სუ"
},
{
"word": "-სინი"
},
{
"word": "-იზ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arkabi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chkhala Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 14 14 14 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 5 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 8 2 4 4 4 4 7 7 7 6 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Laz postpositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 17 17 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"english": "The child falls into the stream and his mother tries to save him.",
"roman": "bere ğalişa xodololerenşi nana-muşik muşletinaps",
"text": "ბერე ღალიშა ხოდოლოლერენში ნანა-მუშიქ მუშლეთინაფს",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(-ერენ (-eren) + -შ (-ş))"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-postp-aal2GFDQ",
"links": [
[
"-ერენ",
"-ერენ#Laz"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) (clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(Khopa, Chkhala, Akçakoca) (-ერენ (-eren) + -შ (-ş))"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-შა"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arkabi Laz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"english": "While he was saying, \"I should go and shoot him,\" his brother always managed to stop him.",
"roman": "“ǩoçi oiluşe bida” ya-şi iri cuma-muşik dodgitinams.",
"text": "“კოჩი ოილუშე ბიდა” ჲა-ში ირი ჯუმა-მუშიქ დოდგითინამს.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(by adding after the quotation preposition ჲა (ya))"
],
"id": "en--შ-lzz-postp-zT6khjui",
"links": [
[
"ჲა",
"ჲა#Laz"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi) (by adding after the quotation preposition ჲა (ya))"
]
}
],
"word": "-შ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Laz entries with incorrect language header",
"Laz inflectional suffixes",
"Laz lemmas",
"Laz postpositions",
"Laz suffixes",
"Laz terms derived from Proto-Kartvelian",
"Laz terms inherited from Proto-Kartvelian",
"Laz terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "-ში",
"bor": "1",
"id": "surname"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: -ში (-ši)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: -ში (-ši)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-is₁",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-is₁"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ş",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ş",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ში",
"roman": "-şi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ჲი",
"roman": "-yi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "Latin spelling",
"4": "-ş",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes",
"head": "-შ"
},
"expansion": "-შ • (-ş) (Latin spelling -ş)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Laz",
"lang_code": "lzz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
19,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
21,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
21
]
],
"english": "Creek water (water of creek) floods the garden when it rains.",
"roman": "mç̌ima mç̌imayiz ğalişi ǯǩari livadiz maťalen.",
"text": "მჭიმა მჭიმაჲიზ ღალიში წკარი ლივადიზ მატალენ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to the nouns",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to the nouns)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
24,
26
],
[
27,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
16,
18
],
[
18,
20
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
18
],
[
18,
20
]
],
"english": "Hasan is breaking the roof of his house from the bottom up.",
"roman": "xasanik oxori-muşişi otva eťaxums.",
"text": "ხასანიქ ოხორი-მუშიში ოთვა ეტახუმს.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to the pronoun in the genitive case after the noun",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to the pronoun in the genitive case after the noun)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "Cut me some soft bread.",
"roman": "lulu carişi elemiǩvaťi.",
"text": "ლულუ ჯარიში ელემიკვატი.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to nouns; part of something; part of something",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to nouns)",
"(part of something)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
13
]
],
"english": "Unripe hazelnuts make very good baklava.",
"roman": "ğiżi ntxirişi dido ǩayi nostonyayi baklava iven.",
"text": "ღიძი ნთხირიში დიდო კაჲი ნოსთონჲაჲი ბაქლავა ივენ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to nouns; raw material of something; raw material of something",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to nouns)",
"(raw material of something)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "The guy has no manners. He's spitting out the window.",
"roman": "ǩoçiz oncğoreşi var-uçkin. pencereşen galendo menç̌ǩvals.",
"text": "კოჩიზ ონჯღორეში ვარ-უჩქინ. ფენჯერეშენ გალენდო მენჭკვალს.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "is added to nouns",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(is added to nouns)",
"(used with the negative verb in the expression \"he doesn't understand anything\")"
],
"raw_tags": [
"used with the negative verb in the expression \"he doesn't understand anything\""
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
10
]
],
"english": "I've got a lot of what you're talking about.",
"roman": "na-iťťurşi opşa miğun.",
"text": "ნა-იტტურში ოფშა მიღუნ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive case marker"
],
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"Appendix:Glossary#genitive"
]
],
"qualifier": "part of something",
"raw_glosses": [
"genitive case marker",
"(added to the noun clause, part of something)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"added to the noun clause"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ქჩე (kçe, “white”) + -შ (-ş) → ქჩეში (kçeşi, “the white one”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "მჭითა (mç̌ita, “red”) + -შ (-ş) → მჭითაში (mç̌itaşi, “the red one”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "მკულე (mǩule, “short”) + -შ (-ş) → მკულეში (mǩuleşi, “the short one”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns from adjectives meaning “the one having such a quality among the same category of things”"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Arkabi Laz",
"Chkhala Laz",
"Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"Laz terms with usage examples",
"Vitse Laz"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "white fig",
"roman": "kçeşi luği",
"text": "ქჩეში ლუღი",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "clear coloured cherry",
"roman": "kçeşi mbuli",
"text": "ქჩეში მბული",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "white grapes",
"roman": "kçeşi urżeni",
"text": "ქჩეში ურძენი",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"english": "big variety of wild pigeon",
"roman": "mçxuş(i) ťoroci",
"text": "მჩხუშ(ი) ტოროჯი",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "small variety of wild pigeon",
"roman": "mç̌ipeş(i) ťoroci",
"text": "მჭიფეშ(ი) ტოროჯი",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
9
]
],
"english": "delicate work, subtle work",
"roman": "mç̌ipeş(i) dulya",
"text": "მჭიფეშ(ი) დულჲა",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms adjectives from adjectives meaning “of the variety having more or less such a quality”"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Vitse–Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) forms adjectives from adjectives meaning “of the variety having more or less such a quality”"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"froms surnames"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
]
],
"english": "I've got somewhere to go.",
"roman": "olvaşi miğun.",
"text": "ოლვაში მიღუნ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "I've got things to do.",
"roman": "oxvenuşi miğun.",
"text": "ოხვენუში მიღუნ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms verbal adjectives"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-შ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Laz entries with incorrect language header",
"Laz inflectional suffixes",
"Laz lemmas",
"Laz postpositions",
"Laz suffixes",
"Laz terms derived from Proto-Kartvelian",
"Laz terms inherited from Proto-Kartvelian",
"Laz terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-is₁",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "ccs-pro",
"3": "*-is₁"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Kartvelian *-is₁.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ş",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ş",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ში",
"roman": "-şi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ჲი",
"roman": "-yi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "postposition",
"3": "Latin spelling",
"4": "-ş"
},
"expansion": "-შ • (-ş) (Latin spelling -ş)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Laz",
"lang_code": "lzz",
"pos": "postp",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Laz terms with usage examples",
"Vitse Laz"
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"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
22,
25
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[
31,
33
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[
34,
37
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],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
25
],
[
31,
33
],
[
34,
37
]
],
"english": "It wasn't nice when (s)he told everyone and didn't tell me (it broke my heart, to be honest).",
"roman": "iri-xoloz duǯvi do ma var-miǯvaşi var-ivu.",
"text": "ირი-ხოლოზ დუწვი დო მა ვარ-მიწვაში ვარ-ივუ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to negative verb)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Vitse) (clause attached to negative verb)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Arkabi Laz",
"Chkhala Laz",
"Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
44,
48
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],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
49,
51
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
48,
50
]
],
"english": "The new bride is very shy. She blushes even when she speaks.",
"roman": "ağani noğamisa dido oncğoryayi ren. ip̌aramitamťaşi-ti p̌ici amç̌itanen.",
"text": "აღანი ნოღამისა დიდო ონჯღორჲაჲი რენ. იპარამითამტაში-თი პიჯი ამჭითანენ.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"; while, when"
],
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
],
[
"when",
"when"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) (clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(imperfective + -შ (-ş)); while, when"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-შა"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Arkabi Laz",
"Chkhala Laz",
"Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
18,
25
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],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
15,
17
],
[
21,
23
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
15,
17
],
[
21,
23
]
],
"english": "The thread breaks because it's rotten.",
"roman": "noǩepe xʒaperi na-renşi ç̌ǩodun",
"text": "ნოკეფე ხცაფერი ნა-რენში ჭკოდუნ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(ნა- (na-) + imperfective + -შ (-ş)); due to"
],
"links": [
[
"ნა-",
"ნა-#Laz"
],
[
"due to",
"due to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) (clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(Akçakoca) (ნა- (na-) + imperfective + -შ (-ş)); due to"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-შა"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Arkabi Laz",
"Chkhala Laz",
"Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
22,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
24
]
],
"english": "When they make noise upstairs, my father pokes (the ceiling) with a stick from below.",
"roman": "jin ǩaťiz gyurulti vanşi babak tudelen bigate eǯontxams.",
"text": "ჟინ კატიზ გჲურულთი ვანში ბაბაქ თუდელენ ბიგათე ეწონთხამს.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"; when"
],
"links": [
[
"when",
"when"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) (clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(perfective + -შ (-ş)); when"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-შა"
},
{
"word": "-სის"
},
{
"word": "-სი"
},
{
"word": "-სუ"
},
{
"word": "-სინი"
},
{
"word": "-იზ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Arkabi Laz",
"Chkhala Laz",
"Khopa–Batumi Laz",
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"english": "The child falls into the stream and his mother tries to save him.",
"roman": "bere ğalişa xodololerenşi nana-muşik muşletinaps",
"text": "ბერე ღალიშა ხოდოლოლერენში ნანა-მუშიქ მუშლეთინაფს",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(-ერენ (-eren) + -შ (-ş))"
],
"links": [
[
"-ერენ",
"-ერენ#Laz"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi, Khopa, Chkhala) (clause attached to affirmative and negative verb)",
"(Khopa, Chkhala, Akçakoca) (-ერენ (-eren) + -შ (-ş))"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-შა"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Arkabi Laz",
"Laz terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"english": "While he was saying, \"I should go and shoot him,\" his brother always managed to stop him.",
"roman": "“ǩoçi oiluşe bida” ya-şi iri cuma-muşik dodgitinams.",
"text": "“კოჩი ოილუშე ბიდა” ჲა-ში ირი ჯუმა-მუშიქ დოდგითინამს.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(by adding after the quotation preposition ჲა (ya))"
],
"links": [
[
"ჲა",
"ჲა#Laz"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Arkabi) (by adding after the quotation preposition ჲა (ya))"
]
}
],
"word": "-შ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -შ meaning in All languages combined (14.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.