See -ës on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: -as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: -as"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-eš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-eš",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-ëh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ëh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-eš. Cognate with Proto-Finnic *-ëh.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ës",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/-ës",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Samic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms action nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ës-smi-pro-suffix-grqUOYY9",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms instrument nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ës-smi-pro-suffix-ScTEWizH",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ës"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ikʷyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ikʷyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷey-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "-իչ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian -իչ (-ičʻ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ikʷyos, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- see Armenian -իչ (-ičʻ)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "-ës m",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ës m (-ës m)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form agent nouns. -er"
],
"id": "en--ës-sq-suffix-5nXSOZjB",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əs/"
}
],
"word": "-ës"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-ikʷyos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ikʷyos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷey-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "-իչ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian -իչ (-ičʻ)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-ikʷyos, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey- see Armenian -իչ (-ičʻ)).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "-ës m",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ës m (-ës m)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian lemmas",
"Albanian masculine suffixes",
"Albanian suffixes",
"Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"used to form agent nouns. -er"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əs/"
}
],
"word": "-ës"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Samic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Samic lemmas",
"Proto-Samic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Samic suffixes",
"Proto-Samic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Samic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Samic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "-as"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami: -as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Sami: -as"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-eš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-eš",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*-ëh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-ëh",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-eš. Cognate with Proto-Finnic *-ëh.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ës",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Samic",
"lang_code": "smi-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Samic/-ës",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms action nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Forms instrument nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ës"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ës meaning in All languages combined (2.4kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: -ës m",
"path": [
"-ës"
],
"section": "Albanian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ës",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.