See 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"alt": "ḥlʿmʾdyk /Hrōmāyīg/",
"word": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "روم",
"tr": "rum"
},
"expansion": "Persian: روم (rum)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare, obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(rare, obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "روم",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "rum"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "Հռովմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖",
"ts": "Frōm"
},
"expansion": "Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm /Frōm/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺",
"ts": "frūm"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /frūm/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "拂菻",
"tr": "Fúlǐn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 拂菻 (Fúlǐn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”), Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos, “Roman”). and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. Compare Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm /Frōm/), Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /frūm/), 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /frūm, frōm/, “Rome, Byzantium”). Compare also Chinese 拂菻 (Fúlǐn), an Iranian borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hlwm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrōm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": "hlwm",
"ts": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 • (hlwm /Hrōm/)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "hlwm",
"ts": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 • (hlwm /Hrōm/)",
"name": "pal-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pal",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "pal:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pal",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "pal:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pal",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "pal:Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (a major city in Italy)"
],
"id": "en-𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬-pal-name-q3eV-z6b",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pal",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "pal:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pal",
"name": "Former polities",
"orig": "pal:Former polities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 50 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 47 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 54 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 53 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"id": "en-𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬-pal-name--2hWd2T8",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pal",
"name": "Byzantine Empire",
"orig": "pal:Byzantine Empire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pal",
"name": "Former polities",
"orig": "pal:Former polities",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 50 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 47 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 54 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 53 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine Empire (an ancient Greek empire in Southeastern Europe and Western Asia, with its capital at Constantinople)"
],
"id": "en-𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬-pal-name-8VbcES8n",
"links": [
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English:_Q12544"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Southeastern Europe",
"Southeastern Europe#English"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Constantinople",
"Constantinople"
]
]
}
],
"word": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Persian lemmas",
"Middle Persian proper nouns",
"Middle Persian terms borrowed from Byzantine Greek",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Byzantine Greek",
"Middle Persian terms derived from Latin",
"Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "ḥlʿmʾdyk /Hrōmāyīg/",
"word": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "روم",
"tr": "rum"
},
"expansion": "Persian: روم (rum)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rare, obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(rare, obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Persian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "روم",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "rum"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "gkm",
"3": "Ῥώμη",
"4": "",
"5": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "la",
"3": "Romanus",
"4": "Romani",
"5": "Romans"
},
"expansion": "Latin Romani (“Romans”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "Հռովմ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖",
"ts": "Frōm"
},
"expansion": "Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm /Frōm/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺",
"ts": "frūm"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /frūm/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "拂菻",
"tr": "Fúlǐn"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 拂菻 (Fúlǐn)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Byzantine Greek Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”), Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos, “Roman”). and Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía, “Byzantine Empire”), from Latin Romani (“Romans”), from Roma (“Rome”) of uncertain origin. Compare Old Armenian Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Parthian 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm /Frōm/), Sogdian 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /frūm/), 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /frūm, frōm/, “Rome, Byzantium”). Compare also Chinese 拂菻 (Fúlǐn), an Iranian borrowing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hlwm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrōm",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "proper noun",
"head": "",
"sc": "",
"tr": "hlwm",
"ts": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 • (hlwm /Hrōm/)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"tr": "hlwm",
"ts": "Hrōm"
},
"expansion": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 • (hlwm /Hrōm/)",
"name": "pal-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pal:Cities in Italy",
"pal:Places in Italy",
"pal:Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (a major city in Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pal:Ancient Rome",
"pal:Former polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa; in full, Roman Empire)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome#English"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Rome",
"Rome"
],
[
"Europe",
"Europe#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Africa",
"Africa#English"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pal:Byzantine Empire",
"pal:Former polities"
],
"glosses": [
"Byzantine Empire (an ancient Greek empire in Southeastern Europe and Western Asia, with its capital at Constantinople)"
],
"links": [
[
"Byzantine Empire",
"Byzantine Empire#English:_Q12544"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"empire",
"empire"
],
[
"Southeastern Europe",
"Southeastern Europe#English"
],
[
"Western Asia",
"Western Asia#English"
],
[
"Constantinople",
"Constantinople"
]
]
}
],
"word": "𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 meaning in All languages combined (3.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (84cf5d0 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.