𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔 in All languages combined

Forms: pernaies [romanization] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: The root is shared with Latin perendiē (“on the day after tomorrow”), and can also be found in Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (fairneis, “old”) and Lithuanian pernai (“last year”), and ultimately comes from Proto-Indo-European *per-. The suffix *-aijos is caracteristic of Osco-Umbrian languages. Only attested in the feminine plural. Etymology templates: {{cog|la|perendiē|t=on the day after tomorrow}} Latin perendiē (“on the day after tomorrow”), {{cog|got|𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃|t=old}} Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (fairneis, “old”), {{cog|lt|pernai|t=last year}} Lithuanian pernai (“last year”), {{der|xum|ine-pro|*per-}} Proto-Indo-European *per- Head templates: {{head|xum|adjective}} 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔 • (pernaies)

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "perendiē",
        "t": "on the day after tomorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perendiē (“on the day after tomorrow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃",
        "t": "old"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (fairneis, “old”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pernai",
        "t": "last year"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pernai (“last year”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The root is shared with Latin perendiē (“on the day after tomorrow”), and can also be found in Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (fairneis, “old”) and Lithuanian pernai (“last year”), and ultimately comes from Proto-Indo-European *per-. The suffix *-aijos is caracteristic of Osco-Umbrian languages. Only attested in the feminine plural.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pernaies",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xum",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔 • (pernaies)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Umbrian",
  "lang_code": "xum",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Umbrian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Umbrian terms prefixed with 𐌐𐌄𐌓-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              52,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              41,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Commence this ceremony after having seen the birds; those in front, those behind.",
          "roman": "este persklum aves anzeriates enetu / pernaies pusnaes",
          "text": "¹ 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌄⁚𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌊𐌋𐌖𐌌⁚𐌀𐌅𐌄𐌔⁚𐌀𐌍𐌆𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌔⁚𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚ ² 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔⁚𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌄𐌔⁚ [...]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in front, foremost"
      ],
      "id": "en-𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔-xum-adj-pha0Nr7w",
      "links": [
        [
          "front",
          "front"
        ],
        [
          "foremost",
          "foremost"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "pusnaes",
          "word": "𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌄𐌔"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "perendiē",
        "t": "on the day after tomorrow"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin perendiē (“on the day after tomorrow”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃",
        "t": "old"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (fairneis, “old”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pernai",
        "t": "last year"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pernai (“last year”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xum",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The root is shared with Latin perendiē (“on the day after tomorrow”), and can also be found in Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌴𐌹𐍃 (fairneis, “old”) and Lithuanian pernai (“last year”), and ultimately comes from Proto-Indo-European *per-. The suffix *-aijos is caracteristic of Osco-Umbrian languages. Only attested in the feminine plural.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pernaies",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xum",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔 • (pernaies)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Umbrian",
  "lang_code": "xum",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "pusnaes",
      "word": "𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌄𐌔"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Umbrian adjectives",
        "Umbrian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Umbrian lemmas",
        "Umbrian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Umbrian terms prefixed with 𐌐𐌄𐌓-",
        "Umbrian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              52,
              66
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              41,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Commence this ceremony after having seen the birds; those in front, those behind.",
          "roman": "este persklum aves anzeriates enetu / pernaies pusnaes",
          "text": "¹ 𐌄𐌔𐌕𐌄⁚𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌊𐌋𐌖𐌌⁚𐌀𐌅𐌄𐌔⁚𐌀𐌍𐌆𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌔⁚𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌕𐌖⁚ ² 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔⁚𐌐𐌖𐌔𐌍𐌀𐌄𐌔⁚ [...]",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "in front, foremost"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "front",
          "front"
        ],
        [
          "foremost",
          "foremost"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔 meaning in All languages combined (2.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (84cf5d0 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"𐌐𐌄𐌓𐌍𐌀𐌉𐌄𐌔" meaning in All languages combined

Adjective [Umbrian]

Inflected forms

Alternative forms