"두꺼비" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "두껍—",
        "3": "이",
        "id2": "noun suffix",
        "pos2": "noun suffix",
        "t1": "to be thick"
      },
      "expansion": "두껍— (dukkeop-, “to be thick”) + 이 (-i, noun suffix)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyg",
        "2": "豆何非",
        "3": "*twuhapi"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Hyang'yak gugeupbang (鄕藥救急方 / 향약구급방), 1236, as Late Old Korean 豆何非 (Yale: *twuhapi).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hh",
        "2": "두텁",
        "3": "twùthèp",
        "dot": ",",
        "hangul": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "In the Hangul script, first attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 두텁 (Yale: twùthèp),",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "두텁〯다〮",
        "t": "to be thick",
        "tr": "twuthěptá"
      },
      "expansion": "두텁〯다〮 (twuthěptá, “to be thick”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "四聲通解 / 사성통해"
      },
      "expansion": "四聲通解 / 사성통해",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Saseong tonghae (四聲通解 / 사성통해)",
        "2": "둗거비〮",
        "3": "twùtkèpí",
        "4": "1517",
        "also": "y",
        "dot": ","
      },
      "expansion": "Also attested in the Saseong tonghae (四聲通解 / 사성통해), 1517, as Middle Korean 둗거비〮 (Yale: twùtkèpí),",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "두텁",
        "tr": "twùthèp"
      },
      "expansion": "두텁 (twùthèp)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "두텁〯다〮"
      },
      "expansion": "두텁〯다〮 (twùthěptá)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "두껍다"
      },
      "expansion": "두껍다 (dukkeopda)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*kitpe"
      },
      "expansion": "*kitpe",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "虼鋪",
        "tr": "*kʰit pʰuə̌"
      },
      "expansion": "虼鋪／虼铺 (*kʰit pʰuə̌)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "蟇",
        "t": "toad"
      },
      "expansion": "蟇 (“toad”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*twu-"
      },
      "expansion": "*twu-",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Usually believed to be equivalent to 두껍— (dukkeop-, “to be thick”) + 이 (-i, noun suffix), referring to the toad's thick skin.\nFirst attested in the Hyang'yak gugeupbang (鄕藥救急方 / 향약구급방), 1236, as Late Old Korean 豆何非 (Yale: *twuhapi). In the Hangul script, first attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 두텁 (Yale: twùthèp), corresponding to Middle Korean 두텁〯다〮 (twuthěptá, “to be thick”). Also attested in the Saseong tonghae (四聲通解 / 사성통해), 1517, as Middle Korean 둗거비〮 (Yale: twùtkèpí), which is the first attestation of a form directly ancestral to the modern.\nThe ancestral form for the adjectival root “to be thick” *twut.hep ~ twut.kep shows the variation *h ~ k, as shown in many other words. The former gave rise to the Middle Korean words 두텁 (twùthèp), 두텁〯다〮 (twùthěptá), while the latter produced the modern standard form 두껍다 (dukkeopda) with loss of the initial consonant in the cluster t.k.\nAlexander Vovin alternatively reconstructs original *kitpe on the strength of the twelfth-century Chinese-Korean wordlist Jilin leishi, which glosses a Korean word transcribed 虼鋪／虼铺 (*kʰit pʰuə̌) as 蟇 (“toad”), and connects this to Tungusic. The *twu- would then be a prefix. This etymology has issues with explaining the twutkep form, however, and Korean scholars have generally not accepted it.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dukkeobi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "두꺼비 • (dukkeobi)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to be thick",
      "roman": "dukkeopda",
      "word": "두껍다"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "thickness",
      "roman": "dukke",
      "word": "두께"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "duteopda",
      "word": "두텁다"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a toad or toads"
      ],
      "id": "en-두꺼비-ko-noun-zWD6N~f4",
      "links": [
        [
          "toad",
          "toad"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms suffixed with -이 (noun suffix)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with dialectal pitch accent marked",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Native Korean words",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ko",
          "name": "Amphibians",
          "orig": "ko:Amphibians",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "specifically the Asiatic toad, Bufo gargarizans"
      ],
      "id": "en-두꺼비-ko-noun-ldvZMtbK"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tuk͈ʌ̹bi]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[두꺼비]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Alexander Vovin",
    "Jilin leishi"
  ],
  "word": "두꺼비"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
    "Korean entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Korean lemmas",
    "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Korean nouns",
    "Korean terms derived from Late Old Korean",
    "Korean terms derived from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Late Old Korean",
    "Korean terms inherited from Middle Korean",
    "Korean terms suffixed with -이 (noun suffix)",
    "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Korean terms with dialectal pitch accent marked",
    "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
    "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Middle Korean terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Native Korean words",
    "ko:Amphibians"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "두껍—",
        "3": "이",
        "id2": "noun suffix",
        "pos2": "noun suffix",
        "t1": "to be thick"
      },
      "expansion": "두껍— (dukkeop-, “to be thick”) + 이 (-i, noun suffix)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyg",
        "2": "豆何非",
        "3": "*twuhapi"
      },
      "expansion": "First attested in the Hyang'yak gugeupbang (鄕藥救急方 / 향약구급방), 1236, as Late Old Korean 豆何非 (Yale: *twuhapi).",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hh",
        "2": "두텁",
        "3": "twùthèp",
        "dot": ",",
        "hangul": "y"
      },
      "expansion": "In the Hangul script, first attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 두텁 (Yale: twùthèp),",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "두텁〯다〮",
        "t": "to be thick",
        "tr": "twuthěptá"
      },
      "expansion": "두텁〯다〮 (twuthěptá, “to be thick”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "四聲通解 / 사성통해"
      },
      "expansion": "四聲通解 / 사성통해",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Saseong tonghae (四聲通解 / 사성통해)",
        "2": "둗거비〮",
        "3": "twùtkèpí",
        "4": "1517",
        "also": "y",
        "dot": ","
      },
      "expansion": "Also attested in the Saseong tonghae (四聲通解 / 사성통해), 1517, as Middle Korean 둗거비〮 (Yale: twùtkèpí),",
      "name": "ko-etym-native"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "두텁",
        "tr": "twùthèp"
      },
      "expansion": "두텁 (twùthèp)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "okm",
        "2": "두텁〯다〮"
      },
      "expansion": "두텁〯다〮 (twùthěptá)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "두껍다"
      },
      "expansion": "두껍다 (dukkeopda)",
      "name": "ko-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*kitpe"
      },
      "expansion": "*kitpe",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "虼鋪",
        "tr": "*kʰit pʰuə̌"
      },
      "expansion": "虼鋪／虼铺 (*kʰit pʰuə̌)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "蟇",
        "t": "toad"
      },
      "expansion": "蟇 (“toad”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*twu-"
      },
      "expansion": "*twu-",
      "name": "IPAfont"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Usually believed to be equivalent to 두껍— (dukkeop-, “to be thick”) + 이 (-i, noun suffix), referring to the toad's thick skin.\nFirst attested in the Hyang'yak gugeupbang (鄕藥救急方 / 향약구급방), 1236, as Late Old Korean 豆何非 (Yale: *twuhapi). In the Hangul script, first attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 두텁 (Yale: twùthèp), corresponding to Middle Korean 두텁〯다〮 (twuthěptá, “to be thick”). Also attested in the Saseong tonghae (四聲通解 / 사성통해), 1517, as Middle Korean 둗거비〮 (Yale: twùtkèpí), which is the first attestation of a form directly ancestral to the modern.\nThe ancestral form for the adjectival root “to be thick” *twut.hep ~ twut.kep shows the variation *h ~ k, as shown in many other words. The former gave rise to the Middle Korean words 두텁 (twùthèp), 두텁〯다〮 (twùthěptá), while the latter produced the modern standard form 두껍다 (dukkeopda) with loss of the initial consonant in the cluster t.k.\nAlexander Vovin alternatively reconstructs original *kitpe on the strength of the twelfth-century Chinese-Korean wordlist Jilin leishi, which glosses a Korean word transcribed 虼鋪／虼铺 (*kʰit pʰuə̌) as 蟇 (“toad”), and connects this to Tungusic. The *twu- would then be a prefix. This etymology has issues with explaining the twutkep form, however, and Korean scholars have generally not accepted it.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dukkeobi",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "두꺼비 • (dukkeobi)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "to be thick",
      "roman": "dukkeopda",
      "word": "두껍다"
    },
    {
      "english": "thickness",
      "roman": "dukke",
      "word": "두께"
    },
    {
      "roman": "duteopda",
      "word": "두텁다"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a toad or toads"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "toad",
          "toad"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "specifically the Asiatic toad, Bufo gargarizans"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[tuk͈ʌ̹bi]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[두꺼비]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Alexander Vovin",
    "Jilin leishi"
  ],
  "word": "두꺼비"
}