"阿魏" meaning in All languages combined

See 阿魏 on Wiktionary

Noun [Chinese]

IPA: /ˀɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /ˀä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /ɔː⁵⁵ ŋɐi̯²²/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /a³³⁻²³ ɡui¹¹/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /ˀɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/, /ˀä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/, /ɔː⁵⁵ ŋɐi̯²²/, /a³³⁻²³ ɡui¹¹/ Chinese transliterations: ēwèi [Mandarin, Pinyin], āwèi [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄜ ㄨㄟˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], ㄚ ㄨㄟˋ [Mandarin, bopomofo], o¹ ngai⁶ [Cantonese, Jyutping], a¹ ghui⁷, ēwèi [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], ewèi [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], o¹-wei⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], ē-wèi [Mandarin, Yale], ewey [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], эвэй [Mandarin, Palladius], evɛj [Mandarin, Palladius], āwèi [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], awèi [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], a¹-wei⁴ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], ā-wèi [Mandarin, Yale], awey [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], авэй [Mandarin, Palladius], avɛj [Mandarin, Palladius], ō ngaih [Cantonese, Yale], o¹ ngai⁶ [Cantonese, Pinyin], o¹ ngei⁶ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], a¹ ghui⁷ [Peng'im, Teochew], a gūi [POJ, Teochew], 'a ngjw+jH [Middle-Chinese]
Etymology: Borrowed from some unspecified language in the Western Regions. Attested first in Medieval Chinese, and was reported to have come from the Jia-she-na (< ga-ʑa-na?) (伽闍那) country in Northern India―possibly referring to modern Ghazni in Afghanistan. Compare Persian انگدان (angodân), انگژد (angožad), Tocharian B aṅkwaṣ, Khotanese aṃgūṣḍa-, Arabic أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān), Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu), all meaning “asafoetida” and all possibly derived, ultimately, from Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”), where *ǰátu is “gum” (cf. Modern Persian ژد (žad)) and the first part *Hangwr̥ (“resin”). This term was discussed in detail in Sino-Iranica. Zhengzhang (2006) points out that the sibilant final in Tocharian B ("Kuchean") aṅkwaṣ matches the tonogenesis of Middle Chinese 去聲/去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”) from Old Chinese in 魏 (MC ngjw+jH) < 魏 (OC *ŋɡuls). Etymology templates: {{lang|zh|伽闍那}} 伽闍那, {{cog|fa|انگدان|tr=angodân}} Persian انگدان (angodân), {{m|fa|انگژد|tr=angožad}} انگژد (angožad), {{cog|txb|aṅkwaṣ}} Tocharian B aṅkwaṣ, {{cog|kho|aṃgūṣḍa-|sc=Latn}} Khotanese aṃgūṣḍa-, {{cog|ar|أَنْجُدَان}} Arabic أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān), {{cog|sa|हिङ्गु}} Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu), {{cog|ira-pro|*Hanguǰatu|t=asafoetida}} Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”), {{m|ira-pro|*ǰátu}} *ǰátu, {{cog|fa|ژد|tr=žad}} Persian ژد (žad), {{m|ira-pro|*Hangwr̥|t=resin}} *Hangwr̥ (“resin”), {{zh-ref|Zhengzhang (2006)}} Zhengzhang (2006), {{m|txb|aṅkwaṣ}} aṅkwaṣ, {{zh-m|去聲|gloss=departing tone}} 去聲/去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”), {{ltc-l|魏}} 魏 (MC ngjw+jH), {{och-l|魏}} 魏 (OC *ŋɡuls) Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 阿魏
  1. asafoetida
    Sense id: en-阿魏-zh-noun-CAaaXQND Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese entries with language name categories using raw markup Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 51 49 Disambiguation of Chinese entries with language name categories using raw markup: 49 51
  2. Ferula Categories (topical): Gums and resins Categories (lifeform): Celery family plants
    Sense id: en-阿魏-zh-noun-Yr~ITsvc Disambiguation of Gums and resins: 43 57 Disambiguation of Celery family plants: 40 60 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese entries with language name categories using raw markup, Chinese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 51 49 Disambiguation of Chinese entries with language name categories using raw markup: 49 51 Disambiguation of Chinese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 43 57
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 形虞 (xíngyú) Derived forms: 臭阿魏, 阿魏膠, 阿魏胶, 阿魏酸 (āwèisuān), (wèi)

Download JSON data for 阿魏 meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "臭阿魏"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "阿魏膠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "阿魏胶"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "āwèisuān",
      "word": "阿魏酸"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "wèi",
      "word": "䭳"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "阿魏"
          },
          "expansion": "阿魏",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "阿魏",
            "2": "あぎ",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "阿魏(あぎ) (agi)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "아위(阿魏)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 아위(阿魏) (awi)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "阿魏",
            "2": "あぎ",
            "3": "아위",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "阿魏",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "阿魏",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "阿魏",
            "v": "阿魏",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (阿魏):\n* → Japanese: 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)\n* → Korean: 아위(阿魏) (awi)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "あぎ",
            "3": "아위"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (阿魏):\n* → Japanese: 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)\n* → Korean: 아위(阿魏) (awi)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (阿魏):\n* → Japanese: 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)\n* → Korean: 아위(阿魏) (awi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "伽闍那"
      },
      "expansion": "伽闍那",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "انگدان",
        "tr": "angodân"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian انگدان (angodân)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "انگژد",
        "tr": "angožad"
      },
      "expansion": "انگژد (angožad)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "aṅkwaṣ"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B aṅkwaṣ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kho",
        "2": "aṃgūṣḍa-",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "Khotanese aṃgūṣḍa-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "أَنْجُدَان"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हिङ्गु"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*Hanguǰatu",
        "t": "asafoetida"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*ǰátu"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǰátu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ژد",
        "tr": "žad"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian ژد (žad)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*Hangwr̥",
        "t": "resin"
      },
      "expansion": "*Hangwr̥ (“resin”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Zhengzhang (2006)"
      },
      "expansion": "Zhengzhang (2006)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "aṅkwaṣ"
      },
      "expansion": "aṅkwaṣ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "去聲",
        "gloss": "departing tone"
      },
      "expansion": "去聲/去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”)",
      "name": "zh-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "魏"
      },
      "expansion": "魏 (MC ngjw+jH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "魏"
      },
      "expansion": "魏 (OC *ŋɡuls)",
      "name": "och-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from some unspecified language in the Western Regions.\nAttested first in Medieval Chinese, and was reported to have come from the Jia-she-na (< ga-ʑa-na?) (伽闍那) country in Northern India―possibly referring to modern Ghazni in Afghanistan.\nCompare Persian انگدان (angodân), انگژد (angožad), Tocharian B aṅkwaṣ, Khotanese aṃgūṣḍa-, Arabic أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān), Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu), all meaning “asafoetida” and all possibly derived, ultimately, from Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”), where *ǰátu is “gum” (cf. Modern Persian ژد (žad)) and the first part *Hangwr̥ (“resin”).\nThis term was discussed in detail in Sino-Iranica. Zhengzhang (2006) points out that the sibilant final in Tocharian B (\"Kuchean\") aṅkwaṣ matches the tonogenesis of Middle Chinese 去聲/去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”) from Old Chinese in 魏 (MC ngjw+jH) < 魏 (OC *ŋɡuls).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "阿魏",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "asafoetida"
      ],
      "id": "en-阿魏-zh-noun-CAaaXQND",
      "links": [
        [
          "asafoetida",
          "asafoetida"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 49",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Celery family plants",
          "orig": "zh:Celery family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Apiales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Spices and herbs",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Foods",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Gums and resins",
          "orig": "zh:Gums and resins",
          "parents": [
            "Botany",
            "Materials",
            "Biology",
            "Manufacturing",
            "Sciences",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Ferula"
      ],
      "id": "en-阿魏-zh-noun-Yr~ITsvc",
      "links": [
        [
          "Ferula",
          "Ferula#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ēwèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "āwèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄜ ㄨㄟˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄚ ㄨㄟˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "o¹ ngai⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "a¹ ghui⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ēwèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ewèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "o¹-wei⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ē-wèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ewey"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "эвэй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "evɛj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "āwèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "awèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "a¹-wei⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ā-wèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "awey"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "авэй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "avɛj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ō ngaih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "o¹ ngai⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "o¹ ngei⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː⁵⁵ ŋɐi̯²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "a¹ ghui⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "a gūi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/a³³⁻²³ ɡui¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'a ngjw+jH"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː⁵⁵ ŋɐi̯²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/a³³⁻²³ ɡui¹¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xíngyú",
      "word": "形虞"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Ghazni",
    "Western Regions"
  ],
  "word": "阿魏"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from Indo-European languages",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "zh:Celery family plants",
    "zh:Gums and resins"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "臭阿魏"
    },
    {
      "word": "阿魏膠"
    },
    {
      "word": "阿魏胶"
    },
    {
      "roman": "āwèisuān",
      "word": "阿魏酸"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wèi",
      "word": "䭳"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "阿魏"
          },
          "expansion": "阿魏",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "阿魏",
            "2": "あぎ",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "阿魏(あぎ) (agi)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "아위(阿魏)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 아위(阿魏) (awi)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "阿魏",
            "2": "あぎ",
            "3": "아위",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "阿魏",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "阿魏",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "阿魏",
            "v": "阿魏",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (阿魏):\n* → Japanese: 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)\n* → Korean: 아위(阿魏) (awi)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "あぎ",
            "3": "아위"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (阿魏):\n* → Japanese: 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)\n* → Korean: 아위(阿魏) (awi)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (阿魏):\n* → Japanese: 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)\n* → Korean: 아위(阿魏) (awi)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "伽闍那"
      },
      "expansion": "伽闍那",
      "name": "lang"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "انگدان",
        "tr": "angodân"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian انگدان (angodân)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "انگژد",
        "tr": "angožad"
      },
      "expansion": "انگژد (angožad)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "aṅkwaṣ"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B aṅkwaṣ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kho",
        "2": "aṃgūṣḍa-",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "Khotanese aṃgūṣḍa-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "أَنْجُدَان"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हिङ्गु"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*Hanguǰatu",
        "t": "asafoetida"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*ǰátu"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǰátu",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ژد",
        "tr": "žad"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian ژد (žad)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*Hangwr̥",
        "t": "resin"
      },
      "expansion": "*Hangwr̥ (“resin”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Zhengzhang (2006)"
      },
      "expansion": "Zhengzhang (2006)",
      "name": "zh-ref"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "aṅkwaṣ"
      },
      "expansion": "aṅkwaṣ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "去聲",
        "gloss": "departing tone"
      },
      "expansion": "去聲/去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”)",
      "name": "zh-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "魏"
      },
      "expansion": "魏 (MC ngjw+jH)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "魏"
      },
      "expansion": "魏 (OC *ŋɡuls)",
      "name": "och-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from some unspecified language in the Western Regions.\nAttested first in Medieval Chinese, and was reported to have come from the Jia-she-na (< ga-ʑa-na?) (伽闍那) country in Northern India―possibly referring to modern Ghazni in Afghanistan.\nCompare Persian انگدان (angodân), انگژد (angožad), Tocharian B aṅkwaṣ, Khotanese aṃgūṣḍa-, Arabic أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān), Sanskrit हिङ्गु (hiṅgu), all meaning “asafoetida” and all possibly derived, ultimately, from Proto-Iranian *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”), where *ǰátu is “gum” (cf. Modern Persian ژد (žad)) and the first part *Hangwr̥ (“resin”).\nThis term was discussed in detail in Sino-Iranica. Zhengzhang (2006) points out that the sibilant final in Tocharian B (\"Kuchean\") aṅkwaṣ matches the tonogenesis of Middle Chinese 去聲/去声 (qùshēng, “departing tone”) from Old Chinese in 魏 (MC ngjw+jH) < 魏 (OC *ŋɡuls).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "阿魏",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "asafoetida"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "asafoetida",
          "asafoetida"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Ferula"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Ferula",
          "Ferula#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ēwèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "āwèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄜ ㄨㄟˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄚ ㄨㄟˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "o¹ ngai⁶"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "a¹ ghui⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ēwèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ewèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "o¹-wei⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ē-wèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ewey"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "эвэй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "evɛj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "āwèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "awèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "a¹-wei⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ā-wèi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "awey"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "авэй"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "avɛj"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ō ngaih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "o¹ ngai⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "o¹ ngei⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː⁵⁵ ŋɐi̯²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "a¹ ghui⁷"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "a gūi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/a³³⁻²³ ɡui¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "'a ngjw+jH"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀɤ⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˀä⁵⁵ weɪ̯⁵¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔː⁵⁵ ŋɐi̯²²/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/a³³⁻²³ ɡui¹¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "xíngyú",
      "word": "形虞"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Ghazni",
    "Western Regions"
  ],
  "word": "阿魏"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.