"門巴" meaning in All languages combined

See 門巴 on Wiktionary

Noun [Chinese]

IPA: /mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/, /muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/, /bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/, /bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/, /bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: ménbā [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄇㄣˊ ㄅㄚ [Mandarin, bopomofo], mun⁴ baa¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], bûn-pa, ménbā [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], ménba [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], mên²-pa¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], mén-bā [Mandarin, Yale], menba [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], мэньба [Mandarin, Palladius], mɛnʹba [Mandarin, Palladius], mùhn bā [Cantonese, Yale], mun⁴ baa¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], mun⁴ ba¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], bûn-pa [Hokkien, POJ], bûn-pa [Hokkien, Tai-lo], bunpaf [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 门巴
Etymology: From Tibetan སྨན་པ (sman pa, “doctor”). Etymology templates: {{bor|zh|bo|སྨན་པ||doctor}} Tibetan སྨན་པ (sman pa, “doctor”) Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 門巴
  1. doctor (used by Tibetans)
    Sense id: en-門巴-zh-noun-usCucgTg Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 84 16
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Chinese]

IPA: /mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/, /muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/, /bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/, /bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/, /bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: ménbā [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄇㄣˊ ㄅㄚ [Mandarin, bopomofo], mun⁴ baa¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], bûn-pa, ménbā [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], ménba [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], mên²-pa¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], mén-bā [Mandarin, Yale], menba [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], мэньба [Mandarin, Palladius], mɛnʹba [Mandarin, Palladius], mùhn bā [Cantonese, Yale], mun⁴ baa¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], mun⁴ ba¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], bûn-pa [Hokkien, POJ], bûn-pa [Hokkien, Tai-lo], bunpaf [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun] Forms: 门巴
Etymology: Compare Tibetan མོན་པ (mon pa, “Monpa”), མོན (mon, general name for different nations living between Tibet and the Indian plain). Etymology templates: {{cog|bo|མོན་པ||Monpa}} Tibetan མོན་པ (mon pa, “Monpa”) Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 門巴
  1. Monpa (ethnic group in China)
    Sense id: en-門巴-zh-noun-rTRl9llQ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Download JSON data for 門巴 meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "bo",
        "3": "སྨན་པ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "doctor"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan སྨན་པ (sman pa, “doctor”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Tibetan སྨན་པ (sman pa, “doctor”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "门巴",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "門巴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "doctor (used by Tibetans)"
      ],
      "id": "en-門巴-zh-noun-usCucgTg",
      "links": [
        [
          "doctor",
          "doctor"
        ],
        [
          "Tibetan",
          "Tibetan"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménbā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄣˊ ㄅㄚ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ baa¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménbā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménba"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mên²-pa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mén-bā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "menba"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "мэньба"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mɛnʹba"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùhn bā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ baa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ ba¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bunpaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "門巴"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "མོན་པ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "Monpa"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan མོན་པ (mon pa, “Monpa”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Tibetan མོན་པ (mon pa, “Monpa”), མོན (mon, general name for different nations living between Tibet and the Indian plain).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "门巴",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "門巴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Monpa (ethnic group in China)"
      ],
      "id": "en-門巴-zh-noun-rTRl9llQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "Monpa",
          "Monpa"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménbā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄣˊ ㄅㄚ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ baa¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménbā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménba"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mên²-pa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mén-bā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "menba"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "мэньба"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mɛnʹba"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùhn bā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ baa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ ba¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bunpaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "門巴"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms borrowed from Tibetan",
    "Chinese terms derived from Tibetan",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "bo",
        "3": "སྨན་པ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "doctor"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan སྨན་པ (sman pa, “doctor”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Tibetan སྨན་པ (sman pa, “doctor”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "门巴",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "門巴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "doctor (used by Tibetans)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "doctor",
          "doctor"
        ],
        [
          "Tibetan",
          "Tibetan"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménbā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄣˊ ㄅㄚ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ baa¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménbā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménba"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mên²-pa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mén-bā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "menba"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "мэньба"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mɛnʹba"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùhn bā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ baa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ ba¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bunpaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "門巴"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bo",
        "2": "མོན་པ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "Monpa"
      },
      "expansion": "Tibetan མོན་པ (mon pa, “Monpa”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Tibetan མོན་པ (mon pa, “Monpa”), མོན (mon, general name for different nations living between Tibet and the Indian plain).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "门巴",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "門巴",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Monpa (ethnic group in China)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Monpa",
          "Monpa"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménbā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄣˊ ㄅㄚ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ baa¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménbā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ménba"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mên²-pa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mén-bā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "menba"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "мэньба"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mɛnʹba"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mùhn bā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ baa¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mun⁴ ba¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bûn-pa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "bunpaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mən³⁵ pä⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/muːn²¹ paː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun²⁴⁻²² pa⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bun¹³⁻²² pa⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "門巴"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "門巴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "門巴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "門巴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "門巴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "門巴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "門巴",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "門巴"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "門巴",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (6c02f21 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.