See 考證 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 考證 meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "考证",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to do textual research or criticism"
],
"id": "en-考證-zh-verb-l0P8IBKQ",
"links": [
[
"textual",
"textual"
],
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"criticism",
"criticism"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "考據"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "From: Various editors, Collected Conversations of Master Zhu, c. 13ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Kuí jì zhì xíngzài, guīzuì yú èr rén, lǐguān wú suǒ kǎozhèng, qì cóng mòjiǎn, dàn biānzhì Húnán mǒu zhōu, zhōngtú yòu táo qù, huò wéi dàorén, huò wéi xíngzhě, huò wèi rén diǎn kùcáng, hòu yǐlǐ wàng Huái qù. [Pinyin]",
"text": "逵既至行在，歸罪于二人，理官無所考證，迄從末減，但編置湖南某州，中途又逃去，或為道人，或為行者，或為人典庫藏，後迤𨓦望淮去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]\n逵既至行在，归罪于二人，理官无所考证，迄从末减，但编置湖南某州，中途又逃去，或为道人，或为行者，或为人典库藏，后迤𨓦望淮去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "From: Statutes of the Yuan dynasty, 1322–1323 CE",
"roman": "Rán cǐ kǎozhèng yīyào xì gān tōnglì, héxíng huìyì shīxíng. [Pinyin]",
"text": "然此考證醫藥係干通例，合行會議施行。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]\n然此考证医药系干通例，合行会议施行。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "From: 1936, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國革命戰爭的戰略問題》 (Problems of Strategy in China's Revolutionary War), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition",
"roman": "Rán'ér hái yǒu yī jiàn shì, jíshì cóng zìjǐ jīngyàn zhōng kǎozhèng zhè xiē jiélùn, xīshōu nà xiē yòngdezháo de dōngxi, jùjué nà xiē yòngbùzháo de dōngxi, zēngjiā nà xiē zìjǐ suǒ tèyǒu de dōngxi. [Pinyin]",
"text": "然而還有一件事，即是從自己經驗中考證這些結論，吸收那些用得著的東西，拒絕那些用不著的東西，增加那些自己所特有的東西。 [MSC, trad.]\n然而还有一件事，即是从自己经验中考证这些结论，吸收那些用得着的东西，拒绝那些用不着的东西，增加那些自己所特有的东西。 [MSC, simp.]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to investigate and verify"
],
"id": "en-考證-zh-verb-F4VI~oJB",
"links": [
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 18 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take a qualification exam in order to get a certificate"
],
"id": "en-考證-zh-verb-pDE84RDE",
"links": [
[
"qualification",
"qualification"
],
[
"exam",
"exam"
],
[
"certificate",
"certificate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǎozhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄠˇ ㄓㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haau² zing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kháu-chṳn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó-chèng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khóⁿ-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǎozhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǎojhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻao³-chêng⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǎu-jèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kaojenq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "каочжэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kaočžɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "háau jing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haau² dzing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hao² jing³"
},
{
"ipa": "/haːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kháu-chṳn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kau` ziin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kau³ zin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰau̯³¹ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khó-tsìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoyzexng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khóⁿ-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khónn-tsìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qvofzexng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰau̯³¹ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/"
}
],
"word": "考證"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of khảo chứng."
],
"id": "en-考證-vi-verb-cG5vsEb0",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"khảo chứng",
"khảo chứng#Vietnamese"
]
]
}
],
"word": "考證"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of khảo chứng."
],
"id": "en-考證-vi-noun-cG5vsEb0",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"khảo chứng",
"khảo chứng#Vietnamese"
]
]
}
],
"word": "考證"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "考证",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to do textual research or criticism"
],
"links": [
[
"textual",
"textual"
],
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"criticism",
"criticism"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "考據"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "From: Various editors, Collected Conversations of Master Zhu, c. 13ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Kuí jì zhì xíngzài, guīzuì yú èr rén, lǐguān wú suǒ kǎozhèng, qì cóng mòjiǎn, dàn biānzhì Húnán mǒu zhōu, zhōngtú yòu táo qù, huò wéi dàorén, huò wéi xíngzhě, huò wèi rén diǎn kùcáng, hòu yǐlǐ wàng Huái qù. [Pinyin]",
"text": "逵既至行在，歸罪于二人，理官無所考證，迄從末減，但編置湖南某州，中途又逃去，或為道人，或為行者，或為人典庫藏，後迤𨓦望淮去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]\n逵既至行在，归罪于二人，理官无所考证，迄从末减，但编置湖南某州，中途又逃去，或为道人，或为行者，或为人典库藏，后迤𨓦望淮去。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "From: Statutes of the Yuan dynasty, 1322–1323 CE",
"roman": "Rán cǐ kǎozhèng yīyào xì gān tōnglì, héxíng huìyì shīxíng. [Pinyin]",
"text": "然此考證醫藥係干通例，合行會議施行。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]\n然此考证医药系干通例，合行会议施行。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "From: 1936, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《中國革命戰爭的戰略問題》 (Problems of Strategy in China's Revolutionary War), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition",
"roman": "Rán'ér hái yǒu yī jiàn shì, jíshì cóng zìjǐ jīngyàn zhōng kǎozhèng zhè xiē jiélùn, xīshōu nà xiē yòngdezháo de dōngxi, jùjué nà xiē yòngbùzháo de dōngxi, zēngjiā nà xiē zìjǐ suǒ tèyǒu de dōngxi. [Pinyin]",
"text": "然而還有一件事，即是從自己經驗中考證這些結論，吸收那些用得著的東西，拒絕那些用不著的東西，增加那些自己所特有的東西。 [MSC, trad.]\n然而还有一件事，即是从自己经验中考证这些结论，吸收那些用得着的东西，拒绝那些用不着的东西，增加那些自己所特有的东西。 [MSC, simp.]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to investigate and verify"
],
"links": [
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
],
[
"verify",
"verify"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to take a qualification exam in order to get a certificate"
],
"links": [
[
"qualification",
"qualification"
],
[
"exam",
"exam"
],
[
"certificate",
"certificate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǎozhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄎㄠˇ ㄓㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "haau² zing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kháu-chṳn"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khó-chèng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "khóⁿ-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǎozhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "kǎojhèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kʻao³-chêng⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "kǎu-jèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "kaojenq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "каочжэн"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "kaočžɛn"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "háau jing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "haau² dzing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "hao² jing³"
},
{
"ipa": "/haːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kháu-chṳn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kau` ziin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kau³ zin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰau̯³¹ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khó-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khó-tsìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qoyzexng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "khóⁿ-chèng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "khónn-tsìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "qvofzexng"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/haːu̯³⁵ t͡sɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰau̯³¹ t͡sɨn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰɔ̃⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/"
}
],
"word": "考證"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of khảo chứng."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"khảo chứng",
"khảo chứng#Vietnamese"
]
]
}
],
"word": "考證"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "考證",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of khảo chứng."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"khảo chứng",
"khảo chứng#Vietnamese"
]
]
}
],
"word": "考證"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"考證"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "考證",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"考證"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "考證",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"考證"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "考證",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"考證"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "考證",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.