See ḱewh₁- on Wiktionary
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱéwh₁-t ~ *ḱuh₁-ént",
"pos": "athematic root aorist"
},
"expansion": "*ḱéwh₁-t ~ *ḱuh₁-ént (athematic root aorist)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱéwh₁-t ~ *ḱuh₁-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔκῡσᾰ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔκῡσᾰ (ékūsa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔκῡσᾰ (ékūsa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*HáćwaHt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáćwaHt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáćwaHt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*HáśwaHt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáśwaHt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáśwaHt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अश्वत्",
"tr": "áśvat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अश्वत् (áśvat)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ह्वयते",
"tr": "hváyati"
},
"expansion": "ह्वयते (hváyati)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अह्वत्",
"tr": "áhvat"
},
"expansion": "अह्वत् (áhvat)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possible innovation based on ह्वयते (hváyati)/अह्वत् (áhvat)"
},
"expansion": "(possible innovation based on ह्वयते (hváyati)/अह्वत् (áhvat))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अश्वत् (áśvat) (possible innovation based on ह्वयते (hváyati)/अह्वत् (áhvat))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*HášwaHt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *HášwaHt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *HášwaHt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌",
"pos": "3sg.aor.act.inf."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, 3sg.aor.act.inf.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, 3sg.aor.act.inf.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱe-ḱówh₁-e ~ *ḱe-ḱuh₁-ḗr",
"pos": "reduplicated stative"
},
"expansion": "*ḱe-ḱówh₁-e ~ *ḱe-ḱuh₁-ḗr (reduplicated stative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱe-ḱówh₁-e ~ *ḱe-ḱuh₁-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćaćuHā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćaćuHā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćaćuHā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śaśuHā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śaśuHā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śaśuHā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शूशुवुर्",
"t": "are swollen"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शूशुवुर् (śūśuvur, “are swollen”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शूशुवुर् (śūśuvur, “are swollen”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱí-ḱewh₁-ti ~ *ḱí-ḱuh₁-n̥ti",
"pos": "i-reduplicated athematic root present"
},
"expansion": "*ḱí-ḱewh₁-ti ~ *ḱí-ḱuh₁-n̥ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱí-ḱewh₁-ti ~ *ḱí-ḱuh₁-n̥ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱiḱh₁-ú-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱiḱh₁-ú-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱiḱh₁-ú-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćíćHuš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćíćHuš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćíćHuš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śíśHuṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śíśHuṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śíśHuṣ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिशु",
"t": "child, infant",
"tr": "śíśu"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शिशु (śíśu, “child, infant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शिशु (śíśu, “child, infant”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-éye-ti",
"pos": "zero-grade éye-present"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-éye-ti (zero-grade éye-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-éye-ti (zero-grade éye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῠ́ω",
"alt": "κυέω",
"t": "to be pregnant, become pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κυέω (kuéō, “to be pregnant, become pregnant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κυέω (kuéō, “to be pregnant, become pregnant”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHáyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHáyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kīje-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *kīje-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kūje-"
},
"expansion": "*kūje-",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< (Thurneysen's rule) *kūje-"
},
"expansion": "(< (Thurneysen's rule) *kūje-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *kīje- (< (Thurneysen's rule) *kūje-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inciēns",
"t": "big with young"
},
"expansion": "Latin: inciēns (“big with young”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: inciēns (“big with young”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-yé-ti",
"pos": "yé-present"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-yé-ti (yé-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHyáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cuHyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cuHyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cuHyáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "рӕсуйун"
},
"expansion": "рӕсуйун (ræsujun)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Digor: рӕсуйун (ræsujun)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "рӕсыйын"
},
"expansion": "рӕсыйын (ræsyjyn)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Iron: рӕсыйын (ræsyjyn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ or *ḱuh₁-o-dʰ-ó-h₁",
"pos": "dual"
},
"expansion": "*ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ or *ḱuh₁-o-dʰ-ó-h₁ (dual)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ or *ḱuh₁-o-dʰ-ó-h₁ (dual)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćwáHdʰaH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwáHdʰaH",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHādʰáH"
},
"expansion": "*ćuHādʰáH",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwáHdʰaH or *ćuHādʰáH"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cwáHdaH",
"t": "army"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cwáHdaH (“army”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cwáHdaH (“army”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱéwh₁-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-mén-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱéwh₁-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-mén-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱéwh₁-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kūmə",
"t": "a swell, wave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kūmə (“a swell, wave”)\nAncient Greek: κῦμα (kûma)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kūmə (“a swell, wave”)\nAncient Greek: κῦμα (kûma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*n̥-ḱéwh₁-mō ~ *n̥-ḱuh₁-mén-s"
},
"expansion": "*n̥-ḱéwh₁-mō ~ *n̥-ḱuh₁-mén-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*n̥-ḱéwh₁-mō ~ *n̥-ḱuh₁-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*əkūmōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *əkūmōn\nAncient Greek: ἀκύμων (akúmōn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *əkūmōn\nAncient Greek: ἀκύμων (akúmōn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱéwh₁-neh₂",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *ḱéwh₁-neh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *ḱéwh₁-neh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kawanā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kawanā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kawanā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúan",
"t": "troop"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cúan (“troop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cúan (“troop”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-nó-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-nó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hūną",
"t": "top of a stick",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hūną (“top of a stick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hūną (“top of a stick”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hūn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hūn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hūnþyrel",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: hūnþyrel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: hūnþyrel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hune"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hune"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hun"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: hun",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hune"
},
"expansion": "hune",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectical"
},
"expansion": "(dialectical)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: hun, hune (dialectical)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śuHnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शुन",
"t": "thriving",
"tr": "śuná"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शुन (śuná, “thriving”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शुन (śuná, “thriving”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱewh₁-ró-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱewh₁-ró-s",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-ró-s",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-ró-s (“strong”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱéwh₁-r̥"
},
"expansion": "*ḱéwh₁-r̥",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or the nouns are thematicized from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ḱéwh₁-r̥</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(or the nouns are thematicized from *ḱéwh₁-r̥?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*ḱewh₁-ró-s, *ḱuh₁-ró-s (“strong”) (or the nouns are thematicized from *ḱéwh₁-r̥?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kawaros",
"pos": "n",
"t": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kawaros (“hero”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kawaros (“hero”, noun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kūrós",
"pos": "n"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kūrós (noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kūrós (noun)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῦρος",
"t": "supremacy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κῦρος (kûros, “supremacy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κῦρος (kûros, “supremacy”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHrás",
"pos": "a",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHrás (“strong”, adjective)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHrás (“strong”, adjective) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-ryós"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-ryós",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-ryós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kúrios",
"t": "lord, master"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kúrios (“lord, master”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kúrios (“lord, master”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύριος",
"der": "1",
"t": "lord, master"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: κύριος (kúrios, “lord, master”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: κύριος (kúrios, “lord, master”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱéwh₁-s ~ *ḱuh₁-s-és"
},
"expansion": "*ḱéwh₁-s ~ *ḱuh₁-s-és",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱéwh₁-s ~ *ḱuh₁-s-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*ḱéwh₁-os",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱéwh₁-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱéwh₁-os"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćáwHas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćáwHas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćáwHas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śáwHas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śáwHas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śáwHas"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शवस्",
"t": "strength, power",
"tr": "śávas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शवस् (śávas, “strength, power”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शवस् (śávas, “strength, power”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cáwHah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cáwHah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cáwHah"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sauua)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sauua)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱéwh₁s-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-s-méns",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱéwh₁s-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-s-méns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱéwh₁s-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-s-méns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćúšma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćúšma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćúšma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śúṣma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śúṣma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śúṣma"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शुष्म",
"t": "strong",
"tr": "śúṣma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शुष्म (śúṣma, “strong”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शुष्म (śúṣma, “strong”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱuh₁s-ó-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱuh₁s-ó-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱuh₁s-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHsás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHsás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHsás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śuHsás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHsás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHsás"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शूष",
"t": "strength",
"tr": "śūṣá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शूष (śūṣá, “strength”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शूष (śūṣá, “strength”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-yó-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-yó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-yó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kuwyos",
"t": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kuwyos (“young animal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kuwyos (“young animal”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cyw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cyw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cyw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćwamH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwamH-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwamH-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śwamH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwamH-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwamH-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*śvám"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: *śvám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: *śvám"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शम्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शम् (śam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शम् (śam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬞𐬇𐬧",
"t": "beneficial"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬇𐬧 (spə̄ṇ, “beneficial”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬇𐬧 (spə̄ṇ, “beneficial”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to swell"
],
"id": "en-ḱewh₁--ine-pro-root-Y5thUuU1",
"links": [
[
"swell",
"swell"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be strong"
],
"id": "en-ḱewh₁--ine-pro-root-TdLnTN19",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "ḱewh₁-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱéwh₁-t ~ *ḱuh₁-ént",
"pos": "athematic root aorist"
},
"expansion": "*ḱéwh₁-t ~ *ḱuh₁-ént (athematic root aorist)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱéwh₁-t ~ *ḱuh₁-ént (athematic root aorist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔκῡσᾰ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔκῡσᾰ (ékūsa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔκῡσᾰ (ékūsa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*HáćwaHt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáćwaHt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáćwaHt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*HáśwaHt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáśwaHt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáśwaHt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अश्वत्",
"tr": "áśvat"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अश्वत् (áśvat)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ह्वयते",
"tr": "hváyati"
},
"expansion": "ह्वयते (hváyati)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अह्वत्",
"tr": "áhvat"
},
"expansion": "अह्वत् (áhvat)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possible innovation based on ह्वयते (hváyati)/अह्वत् (áhvat)"
},
"expansion": "(possible innovation based on ह्वयते (hváyati)/अह्वत् (áhvat))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अश्वत् (áśvat) (possible innovation based on ह्वयते (hváyati)/अह्वत् (áhvat))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*HášwaHt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *HášwaHt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *HášwaHt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌",
"pos": "3sg.aor.act.inf."
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, 3sg.aor.act.inf.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬌 (sūidiiāi, 3sg.aor.act.inf.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱe-ḱówh₁-e ~ *ḱe-ḱuh₁-ḗr",
"pos": "reduplicated stative"
},
"expansion": "*ḱe-ḱówh₁-e ~ *ḱe-ḱuh₁-ḗr (reduplicated stative)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱe-ḱówh₁-e ~ *ḱe-ḱuh₁-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćaćuHā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćaćuHā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćaćuHā́"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śaśuHā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śaśuHā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śaśuHā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शूशुवुर्",
"t": "are swollen"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शूशुवुर् (śūśuvur, “are swollen”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शूशुवुर् (śūśuvur, “are swollen”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱí-ḱewh₁-ti ~ *ḱí-ḱuh₁-n̥ti",
"pos": "i-reduplicated athematic root present"
},
"expansion": "*ḱí-ḱewh₁-ti ~ *ḱí-ḱuh₁-n̥ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱí-ḱewh₁-ti ~ *ḱí-ḱuh₁-n̥ti (i-reduplicated athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱiḱh₁-ú-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱiḱh₁-ú-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱiḱh₁-ú-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćíćHuš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćíćHuš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćíćHuš"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śíśHuṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śíśHuṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śíśHuṣ"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिशु",
"t": "child, infant",
"tr": "śíśu"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शिशु (śíśu, “child, infant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शिशु (śíśu, “child, infant”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-éye-ti",
"pos": "zero-grade éye-present"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-éye-ti (zero-grade éye-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-éye-ti (zero-grade éye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῠ́ω",
"alt": "κυέω",
"t": "to be pregnant, become pregnant"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κυέω (kuéō, “to be pregnant, become pregnant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κυέω (kuéō, “to be pregnant, become pregnant”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHáyati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHáyati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kīje-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *kīje-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kūje-"
},
"expansion": "*kūje-",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< (Thurneysen's rule) *kūje-"
},
"expansion": "(< (Thurneysen's rule) *kūje-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *kīje- (< (Thurneysen's rule) *kūje-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inciēns",
"t": "big with young"
},
"expansion": "Latin: inciēns (“big with young”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: inciēns (“big with young”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-yé-ti",
"pos": "yé-present"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-yé-ti (yé-present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-yé-ti (yé-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHyáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cuHyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cuHyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cuHyáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "рӕсуйун"
},
"expansion": "рӕсуйун (ræsujun)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Digor: рӕсуйун (ræsujun)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "рӕсыйын"
},
"expansion": "рӕсыйын (ræsyjyn)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Iron: рӕсыйын (ræsyjyn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ or *ḱuh₁-o-dʰ-ó-h₁",
"pos": "dual"
},
"expansion": "*ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ or *ḱuh₁-o-dʰ-ó-h₁ (dual)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱwéh₁-dʰ-o-h₁ or *ḱuh₁-o-dʰ-ó-h₁ (dual)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćwáHdʰaH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwáHdʰaH",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHādʰáH"
},
"expansion": "*ćuHādʰáH",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwáHdʰaH or *ćuHādʰáH"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cwáHdaH",
"t": "army"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cwáHdaH (“army”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cwáHdaH (“army”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱéwh₁-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-mén-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱéwh₁-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-mén-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱéwh₁-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kūmə",
"t": "a swell, wave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kūmə (“a swell, wave”)\nAncient Greek: κῦμα (kûma)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kūmə (“a swell, wave”)\nAncient Greek: κῦμα (kûma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*n̥-ḱéwh₁-mō ~ *n̥-ḱuh₁-mén-s"
},
"expansion": "*n̥-ḱéwh₁-mō ~ *n̥-ḱuh₁-mén-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*n̥-ḱéwh₁-mō ~ *n̥-ḱuh₁-mén-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*əkūmōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *əkūmōn\nAncient Greek: ἀκύμων (akúmōn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *əkūmōn\nAncient Greek: ἀκύμων (akúmōn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱéwh₁-neh₂",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? *ḱéwh₁-neh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? *ḱéwh₁-neh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kawanā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kawanā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kawanā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cúan",
"t": "troop"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cúan (“troop”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cúan (“troop”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-nó-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-nó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-nó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hūną",
"t": "top of a stick",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hūną (“top of a stick”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hūną (“top of a stick”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "*hūn"
},
"expansion": "Old English: *hūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: *hūn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hūnþyrel",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: hūnþyrel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: hūnþyrel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "hune"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: hune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: hune"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "húnn"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: húnn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: húnn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hun"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: hun",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hune"
},
"expansion": "hune",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectical"
},
"expansion": "(dialectical)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: hun, hune (dialectical)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHnás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śuHnás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHnás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHnás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शुन",
"t": "thriving",
"tr": "śuná"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शुन (śuná, “thriving”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शुन (śuná, “thriving”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱewh₁-ró-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱewh₁-ró-s",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-ró-s",
"4": "strong"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-ró-s (“strong”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱéwh₁-r̥"
},
"expansion": "*ḱéwh₁-r̥",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or the nouns are thematicized from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*ḱéwh₁-r̥</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(or the nouns are thematicized from *ḱéwh₁-r̥?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*ḱewh₁-ró-s, *ḱuh₁-ró-s (“strong”) (or the nouns are thematicized from *ḱéwh₁-r̥?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kawaros",
"pos": "n",
"t": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kawaros (“hero”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kawaros (“hero”, noun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kūrós",
"pos": "n"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kūrós (noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kūrós (noun)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῦρος",
"t": "supremacy"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κῦρος (kûros, “supremacy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κῦρος (kûros, “supremacy”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHrás",
"pos": "a",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHrás (“strong”, adjective)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHrás (“strong”, adjective) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-ryós"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-ryós",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-ryós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kúrios",
"t": "lord, master"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kúrios (“lord, master”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kúrios (“lord, master”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κύριος",
"der": "1",
"t": "lord, master"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: κύριος (kúrios, “lord, master”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: κύριος (kúrios, “lord, master”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱéwh₁-s ~ *ḱuh₁-s-és"
},
"expansion": "*ḱéwh₁-s ~ *ḱuh₁-s-és",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱéwh₁-s ~ *ḱuh₁-s-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*ḱéwh₁-os",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱéwh₁-os",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱéwh₁-os"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćáwHas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćáwHas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćáwHas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śáwHas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śáwHas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śáwHas"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शवस्",
"t": "strength, power",
"tr": "śávas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शवस् (śávas, “strength, power”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शवस् (śávas, “strength, power”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cáwHah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cáwHah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cáwHah"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sauua)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (sauua)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱéwh₁s-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-s-méns",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱéwh₁s-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-s-méns",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱéwh₁s-mn̥ ~ *ḱuh₁-s-méns"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćúšma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćúšma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćúšma"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śúṣma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śúṣma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śúṣma"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शुष्म",
"t": "strong",
"tr": "śúṣma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शुष्म (śúṣma, “strong”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शुष्म (śúṣma, “strong”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*ḱuh₁s-ó-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *ḱuh₁s-ó-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *ḱuh₁s-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćuHsás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHsás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćuHsás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śuHsás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHsás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuHsás"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शूष",
"t": "strength",
"tr": "śūṣá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शूष (śūṣá, “strength”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शूष (śūṣá, “strength”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ḱuh₁-yó-s"
},
"expansion": "*ḱuh₁-yó-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*ḱuh₁-yó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kuwyos",
"t": "young animal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kuwyos (“young animal”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kuwyos (“young animal”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cyw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cyw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cyw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ćwamH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwamH-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćwamH-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śwamH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwamH-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śwamH-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "*śvám"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: *śvám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: *śvám"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शम्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शम् (śam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शम् (śam)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬯𐬞𐬇𐬧",
"t": "beneficial"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬇𐬧 (spə̄ṇ, “beneficial”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬇𐬧 (spə̄ṇ, “beneficial”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱewh₁-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to swell"
],
"links": [
[
"swell",
"swell"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be strong"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "ḱewh₁-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.