See ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "systir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: systir\nIcelandic: systir\nFaroese: systir\nNorwegian Bokmål: søster\nNorwegian Nynorsk: syster\nOld Swedish: systir\nSwedish: syster\nDanish: søster\nOld Gutnish: systir\nGutnish: systar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: systir\nIcelandic: systir\nFaroese: systir\nNorwegian Bokmål: søster\nNorwegian Nynorsk: syster\nOld Swedish: systir\nSwedish: syster\nDanish: søster\nOld Gutnish: systir\nGutnish: systar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swestēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swestēr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swésōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "systir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse systir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*swester"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swester",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hvaðarr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hvaðarr",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwaþeraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.\nThe form is often seen as problematic, since the expected nominative form would be *ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᛖᚱ (*swester), and this is the form required as the ancestor to Old Norse systir. Stiles 1984 proposes that *ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ (*swestar) is an inherited vocative form, descended from Proto-Germanic *swester with a regular development of unstressed short */e/ > /a/ before /r/, as seen for instance in Old Norse hvaðarr, from Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swestar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "r-stem nouns",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ (swestar) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Norse",
"lang_code": "gmq-pro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 200–450 AD, inscription on the Opedal Runestone\nᛒᛁᚱᚷᛜᚷᚢᛒᛟᚱᛟᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱᛗᛁᚾᚢ ¶ ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚢᛗᛖᛉ ᛬ ᚹᚨᚷᛖ\nbirgŋguboroswestarminu ¶ leubumeʀ : wage\n/birg, Ingubōrō, swestar mīnu leubu, mēʀ, Wāgē!/\nO Ingubōrō, my beloved sister, preserve me, Wāgaz!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sister"
],
"id": "en-ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ-gmq-pro-noun-GYDTkn8H",
"links": [
[
"sister",
"sister"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "systir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: systir\nIcelandic: systir\nFaroese: systir\nNorwegian Bokmål: søster\nNorwegian Nynorsk: syster\nOld Swedish: systir\nSwedish: syster\nDanish: søster\nOld Gutnish: systir\nGutnish: systar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: systir\nIcelandic: systir\nFaroese: systir\nNorwegian Bokmål: søster\nNorwegian Nynorsk: syster\nOld Swedish: systir\nSwedish: syster\nDanish: søster\nOld Gutnish: systir\nGutnish: systar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swestēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swestēr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swésōr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "systir"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse systir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*swester"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swester",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hvaðarr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hvaðarr",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwaþeraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.\nThe form is often seen as problematic, since the expected nominative form would be *ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᛖᚱ (*swester), and this is the form required as the ancestor to Old Norse systir. Stiles 1984 proposes that *ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ (*swestar) is an inherited vocative form, descended from Proto-Germanic *swester with a regular development of unstressed short */e/ > /a/ before /r/, as seen for instance in Old Norse hvaðarr, from Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swestar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "r-stem nouns",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ (swestar) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Norse",
"lang_code": "gmq-pro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Norse feminine nouns",
"Proto-Norse lemmas",
"Proto-Norse nouns",
"Proto-Norse r-stem nouns",
"Proto-Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Norse terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Norse terms with quotations",
"gmq-pro:Family"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 200–450 AD, inscription on the Opedal Runestone\nᛒᛁᚱᚷᛜᚷᚢᛒᛟᚱᛟᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱᛗᛁᚾᚢ ¶ ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚢᛗᛖᛉ ᛬ ᚹᚨᚷᛖ\nbirgŋguboroswestarminu ¶ leubumeʀ : wage\n/birg, Ingubōrō, swestar mīnu leubu, mēʀ, Wāgē!/\nO Ingubōrō, my beloved sister, preserve me, Wāgaz!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sister"
],
"links": [
[
"sister",
"sister"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ meaning in All languages combined (3.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (99a4ed9 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.