"ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ" meaning in All languages combined

See ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Norse]

Forms: swestar [romanization]
Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Often seen as problematic, the expected nominative form would be *ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᛖᚱ (*swester). Stiles 1984 proposes it be a vocative, descended from Proto-Germanic vocative form *swester with regular development of unstressed short /e/ > /a/, as in Old Norse hvaðarr, from Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz. Etymology templates: {{inh|gmq-pro|gem-pro|*swestēr}} Proto-Germanic *swestēr, {{inh|gmq-pro|ine-pro|*swésōr}} Proto-Indo-European *swésōr Head templates: {{head|gmq-pro|noun|g=f}} ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ (swestar) f
  1. sister Tags: feminine, singular, vocative
    Sense id: en-ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ-gmq-pro-noun-GYDTkn8H Categories (other): Proto-Norse entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Norse entries with language name categories using raw markup

Alternative forms

Download JSONL data for ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ meaning in All languages combined (2.4kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "systir"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: systir\nIcelandic: systir\nFaroese: systir\nNorwegian Bokmål: søster\nNorwegian Nynorsk: syster\nOld Swedish: systir\nSwedish: syster\nDanish: søster\nOld Gutnish: systir\nGutnish: systar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: systir\nIcelandic: systir\nFaroese: systir\nNorwegian Bokmål: søster\nNorwegian Nynorsk: syster\nOld Swedish: systir\nSwedish: syster\nDanish: søster\nOld Gutnish: systir\nGutnish: systar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*swestēr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swestēr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swésōr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.\nOften seen as problematic, the expected nominative form would be *ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᛖᚱ (*swester). Stiles 1984 proposes it be a vocative, descended from Proto-Germanic vocative form *swester with regular development of unstressed short /e/ > /a/, as in Old Norse hvaðarr, from Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "swestar",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ (swestar) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Norse",
  "lang_code": "gmq-pro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Norse entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "early 5th century, inscription on the Opedal Rune Stone",
          "text": "ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚢᛗᛖᛉ᛬ᚹᚨᚷᛖ ¶ ᛒᛁᚱᚷᛜᚷᚢᛒᛟᚱᛟᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱᛗᛁᚾᚢ\nleubumez:wage ¶ birgŋguboroswestarminu\nleubumeʀ᛬wage ¶ birgŋguboroswestarminu\nleubumez:wage ¶ birgŋguboroswestarminu\n[She is] dear to me, Wagaʀ. / [???] Boro my sister!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sister"
      ],
      "id": "en-ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ-gmq-pro-noun-GYDTkn8H",
      "links": [
        [
          "sister",
          "sister"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "systir"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: systir\nIcelandic: systir\nFaroese: systir\nNorwegian Bokmål: søster\nNorwegian Nynorsk: syster\nOld Swedish: systir\nSwedish: syster\nDanish: søster\nOld Gutnish: systir\nGutnish: systar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: systir\nIcelandic: systir\nFaroese: systir\nNorwegian Bokmål: søster\nNorwegian Nynorsk: syster\nOld Swedish: systir\nSwedish: syster\nDanish: søster\nOld Gutnish: systir\nGutnish: systar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*swestēr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swestēr",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swésōr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swésōr",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.\nOften seen as problematic, the expected nominative form would be *ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᛖᚱ (*swester). Stiles 1984 proposes it be a vocative, descended from Proto-Germanic vocative form *swester with regular development of unstressed short /e/ > /a/, as in Old Norse hvaðarr, from Proto-Germanic *hwaþeraz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "swestar",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmq-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ (swestar) f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Norse",
  "lang_code": "gmq-pro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Norse entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Norse entries with language name categories using raw markup",
        "Proto-Norse feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Norse lemmas",
        "Proto-Norse nouns",
        "Proto-Norse r-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-Norse terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Norse terms with quotations",
        "gmq-pro:Family"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "early 5th century, inscription on the Opedal Rune Stone",
          "text": "ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚢᛗᛖᛉ᛬ᚹᚨᚷᛖ ¶ ᛒᛁᚱᚷᛜᚷᚢᛒᛟᚱᛟᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱᛗᛁᚾᚢ\nleubumez:wage ¶ birgŋguboroswestarminu\nleubumeʀ᛬wage ¶ birgŋguboroswestarminu\nleubumez:wage ¶ birgŋguboroswestarminu\n[She is] dear to me, Wagaʀ. / [???] Boro my sister!",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sister"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sister",
          "sister"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.