See ตำรา on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ตำรา meaning in All languages combined (8.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "เข้าตำรา"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ตำรับตำรา"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dtam-raa-riian",
"word": "ตำราเรียน"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ตำราอาหาร"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "นอกตำรา"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ยาตำราหลวง"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wí-gì-dtam-raa",
"word": "วิกิตำรา"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "สิ้นตำรา"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "หมดตำรา"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "តំរា",
"t": "act of sealing; that which has been sealed",
"tr": "taṃrā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer តំរា (taṃrā, “act of sealing; that which has been sealed”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ត្រា",
"gloss": "seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc",
"tr": "trā"
},
"expansion": "ត្រា (trā, “seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ตรา"
},
"expansion": "Thai ตรา (dtraa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "តម្រា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer តម្រា (tɑmraa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຕຳຣາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຕຳຣາ (tam rā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nod",
"2": "ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ"
},
"expansion": "Northern Thai ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Khmer តំរា (taṃrā, “act of sealing; that which has been sealed”), extended form of ត្រា (trā, “seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc”), from which Thai ตรา (dtraa) is derived.\nCognate with Modern Khmer តម្រា (tɑmraa), Lao ຕຳຣາ (tam rā), Northern Thai ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dtam-raa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ตำรา • (dtam-raa)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The seal of a wichip god wearing [full] dress [and] sitting on a thaen [with] the right hand holding an umbrella...[is] used to stamp the folds of such decree.",
"ref": "1805, พระทำนูน, in ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (2010) กฎหมายตราสามดวง: พระทำนูน ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (in Thai), Bangkok: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, page 159",
"roman": "dtraa wí-chîip têep-pá-yú-daa song-krʉ̂ʉang nâng tɛ̂n mʉʉ kwǎa tʉ̌ʉ chàt ... chái bpìt kà-nòp prá dtam-raa nán",
"text": "ตราวิชีพเทพยุดาทรงเครื่องนั่งแท่นมือขวาถือฉัตร...ใช้ปิดขนพพระตำรานั้น",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Should [His Majesty] issue a decree [granting] monastic slaves, monastic attendants, [or] field taxes to anyone whosoever, the seal shall be affixed to the top of that decree.",
"ref": "1805, พระทำนูน, in ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (2010) กฎหมายตราสามดวง: พระทำนูน ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (in Thai), Bangkok: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, page 147",
"text": "ถ้าพระราชทานให้ไว้พระตำราแลข้าพระโยมสงฆไร่นาอากอรแก่ผู้ใด ๆ ไซ้ ให้ปิดตราในต้นพระตำรานั้น\ntâa prá-râat-chá-taan hâi wái prá dtam-raa lɛɛ kâa-prá yoom-sǒng râi-naa aa-gɔɔn gɛ̀ɛ pûu dai pûu-dai sái · hâi bpìt dtraa nai dtôn prá dtam-raa nán",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(พระ~) edict; decree; command; ordinance."
],
"id": "en-ตำรา-th-noun-VJ-oi2~R",
"links": [
[
"พระ",
"พระ#Thai"
],
[
"edict",
"edict"
],
[
"decree",
"decree"
],
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"ordinance",
"ordinance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) (พระ~) edict; decree; command; ordinance."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"standard work for a particular branch of study or knowledge, as ตำราเรียน (dtam-raa-riian, “textbook”), ตำราอาหาร (“cookbook”), etc."
],
"id": "en-ตำรา-th-noun-NzhwSqQt",
"links": [
[
"standard",
"standard"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"ตำราเรียน",
"ตำราเรียน#Thai"
],
[
"textbook",
"textbook"
],
[
"ตำราอาหาร",
"ตำราอาหาร#Thai"
],
[
"cookbook",
"cookbook"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tam˧.raː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ตำรา"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "តំរា",
"t": "act of sealing; that which has been sealed",
"tr": "taṃrā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer តំរា (taṃrā, “act of sealing; that which has been sealed”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ត្រា",
"gloss": "seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc",
"tr": "trā"
},
"expansion": "ត្រា (trā, “seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ตรา"
},
"expansion": "Thai ตรา (dtraa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "តម្រា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer តម្រា (tɑmraa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຕຳຣາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຕຳຣາ (tam rā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nod",
"2": "ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ"
},
"expansion": "Northern Thai ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Khmer តំរា (taṃrā, “act of sealing; that which has been sealed”), extended form of ត្រា (trā, “seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc”), from which Thai ตรา (dtraa) is derived.\nCognate with Modern Khmer តម្រា (tɑmraa), Lao ຕຳຣາ (tam rā), Northern Thai ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dtam-raa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ตำรา • (dtam-raa)",
"name": "th-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 32 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 30 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 18 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "th:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 24 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Organizations",
"orig": "th:Organizations",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(กรม~) a government department in กระทรวงศึกษาธิการ (grà-suuang-sʉ̀k-sǎa-tí-gaan, “Ministry of Education”), established in 1919, responsible for producing, publishing, and censoring schoolbooks, as well as organising public libraries."
],
"id": "en-ตำรา-th-name--vMtRXQt",
"links": [
[
"กรม",
"กรม#Thai"
],
[
"government",
"government"
],
[
"department",
"department"
],
[
"กระทรวง",
"กระทรวง#Thai"
],
[
"ศึกษาธิการ",
"ศึกษาธิการ#Thai"
],
[
"Ministry",
"ministry"
],
[
"Education",
"education"
],
[
"establish",
"establish"
],
[
"responsible",
"responsible"
],
[
"produc",
"produce"
],
[
"publish",
"publish"
],
[
"censor",
"censor"
],
[
"schoolbook",
"schoolbook"
],
[
"organis",
"organise"
],
[
"public libraries",
"public library"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) (กรม~) a government department in กระทรวงศึกษาธิการ (grà-suuang-sʉ̀k-sǎa-tí-gaan, “Ministry of Education”), established in 1919, responsible for producing, publishing, and censoring schoolbooks, as well as organising public libraries."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tam˧.raː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ตำรา"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Thai/aː",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai proper nouns",
"Thai royal nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"th:Government",
"th:Organizations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "เข้าตำรา"
},
{
"word": "ตำรับตำรา"
},
{
"roman": "dtam-raa-riian",
"word": "ตำราเรียน"
},
{
"word": "ตำราอาหาร"
},
{
"word": "นอกตำรา"
},
{
"word": "ยาตำราหลวง"
},
{
"roman": "wí-gì-dtam-raa",
"word": "วิกิตำรา"
},
{
"word": "สิ้นตำรา"
},
{
"word": "หมดตำรา"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "តំរា",
"t": "act of sealing; that which has been sealed",
"tr": "taṃrā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer តំរា (taṃrā, “act of sealing; that which has been sealed”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ត្រា",
"gloss": "seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc",
"tr": "trā"
},
"expansion": "ត្រា (trā, “seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ตรา"
},
"expansion": "Thai ตรา (dtraa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "តម្រា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer តម្រា (tɑmraa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຕຳຣາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຕຳຣາ (tam rā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nod",
"2": "ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ"
},
"expansion": "Northern Thai ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Khmer តំរា (taṃrā, “act of sealing; that which has been sealed”), extended form of ត្រា (trā, “seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc”), from which Thai ตรา (dtraa) is derived.\nCognate with Modern Khmer តម្រា (tɑmraa), Lao ຕຳຣາ (tam rā), Northern Thai ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dtam-raa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ตำรา • (dtam-raa)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with archaic senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The seal of a wichip god wearing [full] dress [and] sitting on a thaen [with] the right hand holding an umbrella...[is] used to stamp the folds of such decree.",
"ref": "1805, พระทำนูน, in ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (2010) กฎหมายตราสามดวง: พระทำนูน ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (in Thai), Bangkok: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, page 159",
"roman": "dtraa wí-chîip têep-pá-yú-daa song-krʉ̂ʉang nâng tɛ̂n mʉʉ kwǎa tʉ̌ʉ chàt ... chái bpìt kà-nòp prá dtam-raa nán",
"text": "ตราวิชีพเทพยุดาทรงเครื่องนั่งแท่นมือขวาถือฉัตร...ใช้ปิดขนพพระตำรานั้น",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Should [His Majesty] issue a decree [granting] monastic slaves, monastic attendants, [or] field taxes to anyone whosoever, the seal shall be affixed to the top of that decree.",
"ref": "1805, พระทำนูน, in ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (2010) กฎหมายตราสามดวง: พระทำนูน ฉบับราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (in Thai), Bangkok: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, page 147",
"text": "ถ้าพระราชทานให้ไว้พระตำราแลข้าพระโยมสงฆไร่นาอากอรแก่ผู้ใด ๆ ไซ้ ให้ปิดตราในต้นพระตำรานั้น\ntâa prá-râat-chá-taan hâi wái prá dtam-raa lɛɛ kâa-prá yoom-sǒng râi-naa aa-gɔɔn gɛ̀ɛ pûu dai pûu-dai sái · hâi bpìt dtraa nai dtôn prá dtam-raa nán",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(พระ~) edict; decree; command; ordinance."
],
"links": [
[
"พระ",
"พระ#Thai"
],
[
"edict",
"edict"
],
[
"decree",
"decree"
],
[
"command",
"command"
],
[
"ordinance",
"ordinance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) (พระ~) edict; decree; command; ordinance."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"standard work for a particular branch of study or knowledge, as ตำราเรียน (dtam-raa-riian, “textbook”), ตำราอาหาร (“cookbook”), etc."
],
"links": [
[
"standard",
"standard"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"particular",
"particular"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"ตำราเรียน",
"ตำราเรียน#Thai"
],
[
"textbook",
"textbook"
],
[
"ตำราอาหาร",
"ตำราอาหาร#Thai"
],
[
"cookbook",
"cookbook"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tam˧.raː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ตำรา"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Thai/aː",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai proper nouns",
"Thai royal nouns",
"Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"th:Government",
"th:Organizations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "តំរា",
"t": "act of sealing; that which has been sealed",
"tr": "taṃrā"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer តំរា (taṃrā, “act of sealing; that which has been sealed”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okz",
"2": "ត្រា",
"gloss": "seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc",
"tr": "trā"
},
"expansion": "ត្រា (trā, “seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ตรา"
},
"expansion": "Thai ตรา (dtraa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "តម្រា"
},
"expansion": "Khmer តម្រា (tɑmraa)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຕຳຣາ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຕຳຣາ (tam rā)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nod",
"2": "ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ"
},
"expansion": "Northern Thai ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Khmer តំរា (taṃrā, “act of sealing; that which has been sealed”), extended form of ត្រា (trā, “seal, mark, stamp; to seal, to mark, to stamp; etc”), from which Thai ตรา (dtraa) is derived.\nCognate with Modern Khmer តម្រា (tɑmraa), Lao ຕຳຣາ (tam rā), Northern Thai ᨲᩣᩴᩁᩣ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dtam-raa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ตำรา • (dtam-raa)",
"name": "th-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with historical senses",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"(กรม~) a government department in กระทรวงศึกษาธิการ (grà-suuang-sʉ̀k-sǎa-tí-gaan, “Ministry of Education”), established in 1919, responsible for producing, publishing, and censoring schoolbooks, as well as organising public libraries."
],
"links": [
[
"กรม",
"กรม#Thai"
],
[
"government",
"government"
],
[
"department",
"department"
],
[
"กระทรวง",
"กระทรวง#Thai"
],
[
"ศึกษาธิการ",
"ศึกษาธิการ#Thai"
],
[
"Ministry",
"ministry"
],
[
"Education",
"education"
],
[
"establish",
"establish"
],
[
"responsible",
"responsible"
],
[
"produc",
"produce"
],
[
"publish",
"publish"
],
[
"censor",
"censor"
],
[
"schoolbook",
"schoolbook"
],
[
"organis",
"organise"
],
[
"public libraries",
"public library"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) (กรม~) a government department in กระทรวงศึกษาธิการ (grà-suuang-sʉ̀k-sǎa-tí-gaan, “Ministry of Education”), established in 1919, responsible for producing, publishing, and censoring schoolbooks, as well as organising public libraries."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tam˧.raː˧/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "ตำรา"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.