See कटु on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mah",
"2": "𑀓𑀟𑀼"
},
"expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼 (kaḍu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼 (kaḍu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कटुक",
"der": "1",
"tr": "káṭuka"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: कटुक (káṭuka)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ka",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "+ Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-)",
"name": "inc-ext"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: कटुक (káṭuka) (+ Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "kaṭuka"
},
"expansion": "Pali: kaṭuka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: kaṭuka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-sau",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sauraseni Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-agu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gurjara Apabhramsa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurjara Apabhramsa:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ogu",
"2": "कडूउं"
},
"expansion": "Old Gujarati: कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ)\nGojri: کوڑو (koṛo)\nMiddle Gujarati: कडूउं, कडुय, कडुवय\nGujarati: કડવું (kaḍvũ)\nMarwari:\nDevanagari script: कड़वौ (kaṛvau)\nMahajani script: 𑅕𑅲𑅯𑅒 (kṛvu)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Gujarati: कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ)\nGojri: کوڑو (koṛo)\nMiddle Gujarati: कडूउं, कडुय, कडुवय\nGujarati: કડવું (kaḍvũ)\nMarwari:\nDevanagari script: कड़वौ (kaṛvau)\nMahajani script: 𑅕𑅲𑅯𑅒 (kṛvu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-asa",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ohi",
"2": "करवा"
},
"expansion": "Old Hindi: करवा (karavā)\nHindustani: kaṛvā\nHindi: कड़वा\nUrdu: کَڑْوَا (kaṛvā)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Hindi: करवा (karavā)\nHindustani: kaṛvā\nHindi: कड़वा\nUrdu: کَڑْوَا (kaṛvā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mag",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Magadhi Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Magadhi Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-obn",
"2": "কডুআ",
"3": "কডু",
"tr1": "kaḍuā",
"tr2": "kaḍu"
},
"expansion": "Old Bengali: কডুআ (kaḍuā), কডু (kaḍu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Bengali: কডুআ (kaḍuā), কডু (kaḍu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-mbn",
"2": "কড়ুয়া"
},
"expansion": "Middle Bengali: কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Bengali: কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "কড়া",
"3": "কড়ুয়া"
},
"expansion": "Bengali: কড়া (koṛa), কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bengali: কড়া (koṛa), কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mai",
"2": "",
"alt": "kaṛū"
},
"expansion": "Maithili: kaṛū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maithili: kaṛū"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mai",
"2": "कड़ू",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: कड़ू",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: कड़ू"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mai",
"2": "𑒏𑒛𑓃𑒴",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒛𑓃𑒴",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒛𑓃𑒴"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mah",
"2": "𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅"
},
"expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "",
"alt": "koḍū"
},
"expansion": "Konkani: koḍū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Konkani: koḍū"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "कोडू",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: कोडू (koḍū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: कोडू (koḍū)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "ಕೊಡೂ",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kannada script: ಕೊಡೂ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada script: ಕೊಡೂ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "kodum",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kodum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kodum"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Marathi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Marathi:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "कडू",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: कडू (kaḍū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: कडू (kaḍū)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "𑘎𑘚𑘳",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Modi script: 𑘎𑘚𑘳 (kaḍu)\nMarathi: कडू (kaḍū)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Modi script: 𑘎𑘚𑘳 (kaḍu)\nMarathi: कडू (kaḍū)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-pai",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Paisaci Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Paisaci Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ata",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Takka Apabhramsa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Takka Apabhramsa:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-opa",
"2": "ਕਉੜਾ"
},
"expansion": "Old Punjabi: ਕਉੜਾ (kauṛā), ਕਊਰਾ (kaūrā), ਕਵਰਾ (kavarā), ਕੜੂਆ (kaṛūā)\nPunjabi: kauṛā\nGurmukhi script: ਕੌੜਾ\nShahmukhi script: کَوڑا",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Punjabi: ਕਉੜਾ (kauṛā), ਕਊਰਾ (kaūrā), ਕਵਰਾ (kavarā), ਕੜੂਆ (kaṛūā)\nPunjabi: kauṛā\nGurmukhi script: ਕੌੜਾ\nShahmukhi script: کَوڑا"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-avr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vracada Apabhramsa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vracada Apabhramsa:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sd",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sindhi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sindhi:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sd",
"2": "ڪَوْڙو",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: ڪَوْڙو",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: ڪَوْڙو, ڪَڙو"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sd",
"2": "कौड़ो",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: कौड़ो",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: कौड़ो, कड़ो"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sd",
"2": "𑊺𑋨𑋊𑋧",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Khudawadi script: 𑊺𑋨𑋊𑋧 (kauṛo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khudawadi script: 𑊺𑋨𑋊𑋧 (kauṛo), 𑊺𑋊𑋧 (kaṛo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "કટુ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: કટુ (kaṭu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: કટુ (kaṭu) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "कटु",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: कटु (kaṭu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: कटु (kaṭu) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಕಟು",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ಕಟು (kaṭu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ಕಟು (kaṭu) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "कटू",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: कटू (kaṭū) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: कटू (kaṭū) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or",
"2": "କଟୁ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Odia: କଟୁ (kaṭu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Odia: କଟୁ (kaṭu) (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dravidian",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*kaṭu",
"4": "",
"5": "be pungent; sting"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kaṭu (“be pungent; sting”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oty",
"2": "𑀓𑀝𑀼"
},
"expansion": "Old Tamil 𑀓𑀝𑀼 (kaṭu)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kaṭu (“be pungent; sting”). Compare Old Tamil 𑀓𑀝𑀼 (kaṭu).\nSanskrit grammarians tied it to the root कृत् (kṛt, “to cut”) but this is not accepted in modern scholarship.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṭú",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "kaṭú"
},
"expansion": "कटु • (kaṭú) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maithili terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Punjabi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [
"Terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter, acrid"
],
"id": "en-कटु-sa-adj-y5vzoN-t",
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"acrid",
"acrid"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "कटुक"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "सकटुक"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "तिक्त"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "तिक्तक"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "वक्त्रभेदिन्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "विसर"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐ.ʈú/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɐ.ʈu/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"word": "कटु"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mah",
"2": "𑀓𑀟𑀼"
},
"expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼 (kaḍu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼 (kaḍu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कटुक",
"der": "1",
"tr": "káṭuka"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: कटुक (káṭuka)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ka",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "+ Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-)",
"name": "inc-ext"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: कटुक (káṭuka) (+ Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "kaṭuka"
},
"expansion": "Pali: kaṭuka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: kaṭuka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra",
"2": "𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅"
},
"expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-sau",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sauraseni Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-agu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gurjara Apabhramsa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurjara Apabhramsa:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ogu",
"2": "कडूउं"
},
"expansion": "Old Gujarati: कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ)\nGojri: کوڑو (koṛo)\nMiddle Gujarati: कडूउं, कडुय, कडुवय\nGujarati: કડવું (kaḍvũ)\nMarwari:\nDevanagari script: कड़वौ (kaṛvau)\nMahajani script: 𑅕𑅲𑅯𑅒 (kṛvu)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Gujarati: कडूउं (kaḍūuṃ)\nGojri: کوڑو (koṛo)\nMiddle Gujarati: कडूउं, कडुय, कडुवय\nGujarati: કડવું (kaḍvũ)\nMarwari:\nDevanagari script: कड़वौ (kaṛvau)\nMahajani script: 𑅕𑅲𑅯𑅒 (kṛvu)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-asa",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sauraseni Apabhramsa:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ohi",
"2": "करवा"
},
"expansion": "Old Hindi: करवा (karavā)\nHindustani: kaṛvā\nHindi: कड़वा\nUrdu: کَڑْوَا (kaṛvā)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Hindi: करवा (karavā)\nHindustani: kaṛvā\nHindi: कड़वा\nUrdu: کَڑْوَا (kaṛvā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mag",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Magadhi Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Magadhi Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-obn",
"2": "কডুআ",
"3": "কডু",
"tr1": "kaḍuā",
"tr2": "kaḍu"
},
"expansion": "Old Bengali: কডুআ (kaḍuā), কডু (kaḍu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Bengali: কডুআ (kaḍuā), কডু (kaḍu)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-mbn",
"2": "কড়ুয়া"
},
"expansion": "Middle Bengali: কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Bengali: কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "কড়া",
"3": "কড়ুয়া"
},
"expansion": "Bengali: কড়া (koṛa), কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bengali: কড়া (koṛa), কড়ুয়া (koṛuẏa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mai",
"2": "",
"alt": "kaṛū"
},
"expansion": "Maithili: kaṛū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maithili: kaṛū"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mai",
"2": "कड़ू",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: कड़ू",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: कड़ू"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mai",
"2": "𑒏𑒛𑓃𑒴",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒛𑓃𑒴",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tirhuta script: 𑒏𑒛𑓃𑒴"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-mah",
"2": "𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅"
},
"expansion": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀓𑀟𑀼𑀅 (kaḍua)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "",
"alt": "koḍū"
},
"expansion": "Konkani: koḍū",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Konkani: koḍū"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "कोडू",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: कोडू (koḍū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: कोडू (koḍū)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "ಕೊಡೂ",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kannada script: ಕೊಡೂ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kannada script: ಕೊಡೂ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "kodum",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: kodum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: kodum"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Marathi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Marathi:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "कडू",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: कडू (kaḍū)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: कडू (kaḍū)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "omr",
"2": "𑘎𑘚𑘳",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Modi script: 𑘎𑘚𑘳 (kaḍu)\nMarathi: कडू (kaḍū)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Modi script: 𑘎𑘚𑘳 (kaḍu)\nMarathi: कडू (kaḍū)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-pai",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Paisaci Prakrit:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Paisaci Prakrit:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-ata",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Takka Apabhramsa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Takka Apabhramsa:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-opa",
"2": "ਕਉੜਾ"
},
"expansion": "Old Punjabi: ਕਉੜਾ (kauṛā), ਕਊਰਾ (kaūrā), ਕਵਰਾ (kavarā), ਕੜੂਆ (kaṛūā)\nPunjabi: kauṛā\nGurmukhi script: ਕੌੜਾ\nShahmukhi script: کَوڑا",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Punjabi: ਕਉੜਾ (kauṛā), ਕਊਰਾ (kaūrā), ਕਵਰਾ (kavarā), ਕੜੂਆ (kaṛūā)\nPunjabi: kauṛā\nGurmukhi script: ਕੌੜਾ\nShahmukhi script: کَوڑا"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-avr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Vracada Apabhramsa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vracada Apabhramsa:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sd",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sindhi:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sindhi:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sd",
"2": "ڪَوْڙو",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Arabic script: ڪَوْڙو",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Arabic script: ڪَوْڙو, ڪَڙو"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sd",
"2": "कौड़ो",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Devanagari script: कौड़ो",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Devanagari script: कौड़ो, कड़ो"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sd",
"2": "𑊺𑋨𑋊𑋧",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Khudawadi script: 𑊺𑋨𑋊𑋧 (kauṛo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khudawadi script: 𑊺𑋨𑋊𑋧 (kauṛo), 𑊺𑋊𑋧 (kaṛo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gu",
"2": "કટુ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Gujarati: કટુ (kaṭu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Gujarati: કટુ (kaṭu) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "कटु",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: कटु (kaṭu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: कटु (kaṭu) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kn",
"2": "ಕಟು",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kannada: ಕಟು (kaṭu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kannada: ಕಟು (kaṭu) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "कटू",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: कटू (kaṭū) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: कटू (kaṭū) (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or",
"2": "କଟୁ",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Odia: କଟୁ (kaṭu) (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Odia: କଟୁ (kaṭu) (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Dravidian",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "dra-pro",
"3": "*kaṭu",
"4": "",
"5": "be pungent; sting"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kaṭu (“be pungent; sting”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oty",
"2": "𑀓𑀝𑀼"
},
"expansion": "Old Tamil 𑀓𑀝𑀼 (kaṭu)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kaṭu (“be pungent; sting”). Compare Old Tamil 𑀓𑀝𑀼 (kaṭu).\nSanskrit grammarians tied it to the root कृत् (kṛt, “to cut”) but this is not accepted in modern scholarship.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaṭú",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "kaṭú"
},
"expansion": "कटु • (kaṭú) stem",
"name": "sa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maithili terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Punjabi terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Sanskrit adjectives",
"Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit terms borrowed from Dravidian languages",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Dravidian languages",
"Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Dravidian",
"Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bitter, acrid"
],
"links": [
[
"bitter",
"bitter"
],
[
"acrid",
"acrid"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɐ.ʈú/",
"tags": [
"Vedic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɐ.ʈu/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Sanskrit"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "कटुक"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "सकटुक"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "तिक्त"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "तिक्तक"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "वक्त्रभेदिन्"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:कटु",
"word": "विसर"
}
],
"word": "कटु"
}
Download raw JSONL data for कटु meaning in All languages combined (10.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.