"يول" meaning in All languages combined

See يول on Wiktionary

Verb [Arabic]

Forms: يُولَ [canonical], yūla [romanization], waliya [romanization]
Head templates: {{ar-verb form|+ولي<I>}} يُولَ • (yūla) (form I) /juː.la/ # third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of وَلِيَ (waliya)
  1. Tags: form-i, no-gloss
    Sense id: en-يول-ar-verb-47DEQpj8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Arabic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Arabic entries with incorrect language header: 0 0

Verb [Arabic]

Forms: يول # يُولِ [canonical], juː.li [canonical], : third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى # يُولَ [canonical], juː.la [canonical], : third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى [canonical], yūli [romanization], ʔawlā [romanization], yūla [romanization]
Head templates: {{ar-verb form|+أولى<IV>}} يول (form IV) # يُولِ (yūli) /juː.li/: third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā) # يُولَ (yūla) /juː.la/: third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā)
  1. Tags: form-iv, no-gloss
    Sense id: en-يول-ar-verb-47DEQpj81
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2 Categories (other): Arabic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Arabic entries with incorrect language header: 0 0

Noun [Chagatai]

Forms: yol [romanization]
Etymology: From Proto-Turkic *yōl. Etymology templates: {{der|chg|trk-pro|*yōl}} Proto-Turkic *yōl Head templates: {{head|chg|noun|tr=yol}} يول (yol)
  1. road, path
    Sense id: en-يول-chg-noun-HNSp4PR~ Categories (other): Chagatai entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 0 0 72 5 6 2 8 7 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 76 4 5 1 7 6

Noun [Uyghur]

IPA: /jol/ Forms: yol [romanization], يوللار [plural]
Etymology: From Chagatai يول (yol), from Proto-Turkic *yōl. Cognates with Southern Altai јол (ǰol), Turkish yol. Etymology templates: {{inh|ug|chg|يول|tr=yol}} Chagatai يول (yol), {{inh|ug|trk-pro|*yōl}} Proto-Turkic *yōl, {{cog|alt|јол}} Southern Altai јол (ǰol), {{cog|tr|yol}} Turkish yol Head templates: {{ug-noun}} يول • (yol) (plural يوللار (yollar))
  1. road, way, route Categories (topical): Roads, Travel
    Sense id: en-يول-ug-noun-MSQzm6~R Disambiguation of Roads: 66 13 3 8 10 Disambiguation of Travel: 20 37 2 31 11 Categories (other): Uyghur entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Uyghur entries with incorrect language header: 21 13 2 33 32
  2. journey Categories (topical): Travel
    Sense id: en-يول-ug-noun-zeVokrvr Disambiguation of Travel: 20 37 2 31 11 Categories (other): Uyghur entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Uyghur entries with incorrect language header: 21 13 2 33 32
  3. way, method
    Sense id: en-يول-ug-noun-iHFmmCJ6
  4. reason, grounds Categories (topical): Travel
    Sense id: en-يول-ug-noun-8yAnGLkc Disambiguation of Travel: 20 37 2 31 11 Categories (other): Uyghur entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Uyghur entries with incorrect language header: 21 13 2 33 32
  5. (figuratively) stripe Tags: figuratively Categories (topical): Travel
    Sense id: en-يول-ug-noun-K-0gMu09 Disambiguation of Travel: 20 37 2 31 11 Categories (other): Uyghur entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Uyghur entries with incorrect language header: 21 13 2 33 32
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
      "parents": [
        "Entries with incorrect language header",
        "Entry maintenance"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "يُولَ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yūla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waliya",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+ولي<I>"
      },
      "expansion": "يُولَ • (yūla) (form I) /juː.la/\n# third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of وَلِيَ (waliya)",
      "name": "ar-verb form"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Arabic",
  "lang_code": "ar",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "id": "en-يول-ar-verb-47DEQpj8",
      "tags": [
        "form-i",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "يول"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
      "parents": [
        "Entries with incorrect language header",
        "Entry maintenance"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "يول # يُولِ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "juː.li",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": ": third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى # يُولَ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "juː.la",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": ": third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yūli",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʔawlā",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yūla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+أولى<IV>"
      },
      "expansion": "يول (form IV)\n# يُولِ (yūli) /juː.li/: third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā)\n# يُولَ (yūla) /juː.la/: third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā)",
      "name": "ar-verb form"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Arabic",
  "lang_code": "ar",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "id": "en-يول-ar-verb-47DEQpj81",
      "tags": [
        "form-iv",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "يول"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "chg",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*yōl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yōl",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *yōl.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "yol",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "chg",
        "2": "noun",
        "tr": "yol"
      },
      "expansion": "يول (yol)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chagatai",
  "lang_code": "chg",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chagatai entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 72 5 6 2 8 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 76 4 5 1 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "road, path"
      ],
      "id": "en-يول-chg-noun-HNSp4PR~",
      "links": [
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ],
        [
          "path",
          "path"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "يول"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ug",
        "2": "chg",
        "3": "يول",
        "tr": "yol"
      },
      "expansion": "Chagatai يول (yol)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ug",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*yōl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yōl",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alt",
        "2": "јол"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Altai јол (ǰol)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "yol"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish yol",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Chagatai يول (yol), from Proto-Turkic *yōl. Cognates with Southern Altai јол (ǰol), Turkish yol.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "yol",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يوللار",
      "roman": "yollar",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "يول • (yol) (plural يوللار (yollar))",
      "name": "ug-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Uyghur",
  "lang_code": "ug",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 2 33 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Uyghur entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "66 13 3 8 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ug",
          "name": "Roads",
          "orig": "ug:Roads",
          "parents": [
            "Road transport",
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 37 2 31 11",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ug",
          "name": "Travel",
          "orig": "ug:Travel",
          "parents": [
            "Human activity",
            "Transport",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Rhymoi Music",
          "ref": "2020 August 28, “伊犁的大路边 [Along the Roadside in Ili]”performed by 吾斯曼江·伊不拉音 and various artists, 瑞鸣音乐 [Rhymoi Music]:",
          "roman": "ili yoli bostanliq, baraqsanliq gülbaghliq.",
          "text": "ئىلى يولى بوستانلىق، باراقسانلىق گۈلباغلىق.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "road, way, route"
      ],
      "id": "en-يول-ug-noun-MSQzm6~R",
      "links": [
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ],
        [
          "way",
          "way"
        ],
        [
          "route",
          "route"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 2 33 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Uyghur entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 37 2 31 11",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ug",
          "name": "Travel",
          "orig": "ug:Travel",
          "parents": [
            "Human activity",
            "Transport",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "journey"
      ],
      "id": "en-يول-ug-noun-zeVokrvr",
      "links": [
        [
          "journey",
          "journey"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "way, method"
      ],
      "id": "en-يول-ug-noun-iHFmmCJ6",
      "links": [
        [
          "method",
          "method"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 2 33 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Uyghur entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 37 2 31 11",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ug",
          "name": "Travel",
          "orig": "ug:Travel",
          "parents": [
            "Human activity",
            "Transport",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "reason, grounds"
      ],
      "id": "en-يول-ug-noun-8yAnGLkc",
      "links": [
        [
          "reason",
          "reason"
        ],
        [
          "grounds",
          "grounds"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 13 2 33 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Uyghur entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 37 2 31 11",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ug",
          "name": "Travel",
          "orig": "ug:Travel",
          "parents": [
            "Human activity",
            "Transport",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stripe"
      ],
      "id": "en-يول-ug-noun-K-0gMu09",
      "links": [
        [
          "stripe",
          "stripe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) stripe"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/jol/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "يول"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Arabic non-lemma forms",
    "Arabic verb forms",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ug:Roads",
    "ug:Travel"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "يُولَ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yūla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waliya",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+ولي<I>"
      },
      "expansion": "يُولَ • (yūla) (form I) /juː.la/\n# third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of وَلِيَ (waliya)",
      "name": "ar-verb form"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Arabic",
  "lang_code": "ar",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "form-i",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "يول"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Arabic non-lemma forms",
    "Arabic verb forms",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ug:Roads",
    "ug:Travel"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "يول # يُولِ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "juː.li",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": ": third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى # يُولَ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "juː.la",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": ": third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yūli",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʔawlā",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yūla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "+أولى<IV>"
      },
      "expansion": "يول (form IV)\n# يُولِ (yūli) /juː.li/: third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā)\n# يُولَ (yūla) /juː.la/: third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā)",
      "name": "ar-verb form"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Arabic",
  "lang_code": "ar",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "form-iv",
        "no-gloss"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "يول"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ug:Roads",
    "ug:Travel"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "chg",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*yōl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yōl",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *yōl.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "yol",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "chg",
        "2": "noun",
        "tr": "yol"
      },
      "expansion": "يول (yol)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chagatai",
  "lang_code": "chg",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chagatai entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chagatai lemmas",
        "Chagatai nouns",
        "Chagatai terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "road, path"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ],
        [
          "path",
          "path"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "يول"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Uyghur 1-syllable words",
    "Uyghur countable nouns",
    "Uyghur entries with incorrect language header",
    "Uyghur lemmas",
    "Uyghur nouns",
    "Uyghur nouns with red links in their headword lines",
    "Uyghur terms derived from Chagatai",
    "Uyghur terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
    "Uyghur terms inherited from Chagatai",
    "Uyghur terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
    "Uyghur terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "ug:Roads",
    "ug:Travel"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ug",
        "2": "chg",
        "3": "يول",
        "tr": "yol"
      },
      "expansion": "Chagatai يول (yol)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ug",
        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*yōl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *yōl",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "alt",
        "2": "јол"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Altai јол (ǰol)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tr",
        "2": "yol"
      },
      "expansion": "Turkish yol",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Chagatai يول (yol), from Proto-Turkic *yōl. Cognates with Southern Altai јол (ǰol), Turkish yol.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "yol",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "يوللار",
      "roman": "yollar",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "يول • (yol) (plural يوللار (yollar))",
      "name": "ug-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Uyghur",
  "lang_code": "ug",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Requests for translations of Uyghur quotations",
        "Uyghur terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Rhymoi Music",
          "ref": "2020 August 28, “伊犁的大路边 [Along the Roadside in Ili]”performed by 吾斯曼江·伊不拉音 and various artists, 瑞鸣音乐 [Rhymoi Music]:",
          "roman": "ili yoli bostanliq, baraqsanliq gülbaghliq.",
          "text": "ئىلى يولى بوستانلىق، باراقسانلىق گۈلباغلىق.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "road, way, route"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "road",
          "road"
        ],
        [
          "way",
          "way"
        ],
        [
          "route",
          "route"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "journey"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "journey",
          "journey"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "way, method"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "method",
          "method"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "reason, grounds"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reason",
          "reason"
        ],
        [
          "grounds",
          "grounds"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "stripe"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stripe",
          "stripe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) stripe"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/jol/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "يول"
}

Download raw JSONL data for يول meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'يول # يُولِ' in 'يول (form IV) # يُولِ (yūli) /juː.li/: third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā) # يُولَ (yūla) /juː.la/: third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā)'",
  "path": [
    "يول"
  ],
  "section": "Arabic",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "يول",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: ': third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى # يُولَ' in 'يول (form IV) # يُولِ (yūli) /juː.li/: third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā) # يُولَ (yūla) /juː.la/: third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā)'",
  "path": [
    "يول"
  ],
  "section": "Arabic",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "يول",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: ': third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى' in 'يول (form IV) # يُولِ (yūli) /juː.li/: third-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā) # يُولَ (yūla) /juː.la/: third-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَوْلَى (ʔawlā)'",
  "path": [
    "يول"
  ],
  "section": "Arabic",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "يول",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.