See رائحة on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acw",
"2": "ريحة",
"tr": "rīḥa"
},
"expansion": "Hijazi Arabic: ريحة (rīḥa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hijazi Arabic: ريحة (rīḥa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "riħa"
},
"expansion": "Maltese: riħa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maltese: riħa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ary",
"2": "ريحة",
"tr": "rīḥa"
},
"expansion": "Moroccan Arabic: ريحة (rīḥa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moroccan Arabic: ريحة (rīḥa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "رائحه",
"3": "رایحه",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "ra'iha",
"tr2": "rayiha"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: رائحه (ra'iha), رایحه (rayiha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: رائحه (ra'iha), رایحه (rayiha)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "rayiha",
"t": "scent"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: rayiha (“scent”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: rayiha (“scent”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "رَایِحَه",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Classical Persian: رَایِحَه (rāyiha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Classical Persian: رَایِحَه (rāyiha)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "رَائِحَة",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rāʔiḥa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِح",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَة",
"roman": "rāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَة",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَة",
"roman": "rāʔiḥat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةٌ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَةُ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةُ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةً",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَةَ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةَ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةٍ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَةِ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥati",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةِ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥati",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْن",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَتَيْن",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"dual",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"dual",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَانِ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَتَانِ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَا",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْنِ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَتَيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"dual",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"dual",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْنِ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَتَيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِح",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"diptote",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّوَائِح",
"roman": "ar-rawāʔiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"diptote",
"informal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِح",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"diptote",
"informal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحُ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"diptote",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّوَائِحُ",
"roman": "ar-rawāʔiḥu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"diptote",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحُ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"diptote",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحَ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"diptote",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّوَائِحَ",
"roman": "ar-rawāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"diptote",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحَ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"diptote",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحَ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"diptote",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّوَائِحِ",
"roman": "ar-rawāʔiḥi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"diptote",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحِ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"diptote",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رَائِحَة",
"2": "f",
"pl": "رَوَائِح"
},
"expansion": "رَائِحَة • (rāʔiḥa) f (plural رَوَائِح (rawāʔiḥ))",
"name": "ar-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رَائِحَة",
"pl": "رَوَائِح"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with basic diptote broken plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with broken plural",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic nouns with triptote singular in -a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Arabic terms belonging to the root ر و ح",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smell, scent; odor"
],
"id": "en-رائحة-ar-noun-xPxtxJXl",
"links": [
[
"smell",
"smell"
],
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"odor",
"odor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/raː.ʔi.ħa/"
},
{
"audio": "Ar-رائحة.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Ar-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9.ogg/Ar-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Ar-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9.ogg"
}
],
"word": "رائحة"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "acw",
"2": "ريحة",
"tr": "rīḥa"
},
"expansion": "Hijazi Arabic: ريحة (rīḥa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hijazi Arabic: ريحة (rīḥa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "riħa"
},
"expansion": "Maltese: riħa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Maltese: riħa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ary",
"2": "ريحة",
"tr": "rīḥa"
},
"expansion": "Moroccan Arabic: ريحة (rīḥa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Moroccan Arabic: ريحة (rīḥa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "رائحه",
"3": "رایحه",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "ra'iha",
"tr2": "rayiha"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: رائحه (ra'iha), رایحه (rayiha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: رائحه (ra'iha), رایحه (rayiha)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "rayiha",
"t": "scent"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: rayiha (“scent”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: rayiha (“scent”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "رَایِحَه",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Classical Persian: رَایِحَه (rāyiha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Classical Persian: رَایِحَه (rāyiha)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "رَائِحَة",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rāʔiḥa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِح",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ar-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَة",
"roman": "rāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَة",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَة",
"roman": "rāʔiḥat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةٌ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَةُ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةُ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةً",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَةَ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةَ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةٍ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَةِ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥati",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَةِ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥati",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْن",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَتَيْن",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatayn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"dual",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"dual",
"informal",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَانِ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَتَانِ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatāni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَا",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"dual",
"nominative",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْنِ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"dual",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَتَيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"dual",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"dual",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْنِ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"dual",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّائِحَتَيْنِ",
"roman": "ar-rāʔiḥatayni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"definite",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَائِحَتَيْ",
"roman": "rāʔiḥatay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ar-infl-a",
"construct",
"dual",
"genitive",
"singular",
"triptote"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِح",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"diptote",
"indefinite",
"informal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّوَائِح",
"roman": "ar-rawāʔiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"diptote",
"informal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِح",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"diptote",
"informal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحُ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"diptote",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّوَائِحُ",
"roman": "ar-rawāʔiḥu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"diptote",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحُ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"diptote",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحَ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"diptote",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّوَائِحَ",
"roman": "ar-rawāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"definite",
"diptote",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحَ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"broken-form",
"construct",
"diptote",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحَ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"diptote",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "الرَّوَائِحِ",
"roman": "ar-rawāʔiḥi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"definite",
"diptote",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "رَوَائِحِ",
"roman": "rawāʔiḥi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"broken-form",
"construct",
"diptote",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رَائِحَة",
"2": "f",
"pl": "رَوَائِح"
},
"expansion": "رَائِحَة • (rāʔiḥa) f (plural رَوَائِح (rawāʔiḥ))",
"name": "ar-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رَائِحَة",
"pl": "رَوَائِح"
},
"name": "ar-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Arabic 3-syllable words",
"Arabic entries with incorrect language header",
"Arabic feminine nouns",
"Arabic lemmas",
"Arabic links with redundant alt parameters",
"Arabic nouns",
"Arabic nouns with basic diptote broken plural",
"Arabic nouns with broken plural",
"Arabic nouns with triptote singular in -a",
"Arabic terms belonging to the root ر و ح",
"Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"smell, scent; odor"
],
"links": [
[
"smell",
"smell"
],
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"odor",
"odor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/raː.ʔi.ħa/"
},
{
"audio": "Ar-رائحة.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/Ar-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9.ogg/Ar-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Ar-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9.ogg"
}
],
"word": "رائحة"
}
Download raw JSONL data for رائحة meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.