See العراق on Wiktionary
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This may be understood as the definite form of عِرَاق (ʕirāq, “shore, coast, any region or area (of a whole country or a mere rivulet in a garden) adjacent to water as opposed to another one”), contradistinguished from الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, “the Arabian Peninsula”), respectively, in Classical Syriac ܓܙܺܝܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gəzīrtā, “Mesopotamia”), but it is tempting to connect it with Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /erāg/, “lowlands”), like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /ērān/, “Iran”), with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /ēr/, “Iranian”), referring to historic rule from Iraq’s plateau-situated neighbor, Persia. The former Pahlavi form is more closely reflected in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic incantation bowl; together with the neighboring region, this marks it as אירג (ʔyrg /*ērag/), being the oldest extant witness of the country name. The Aramaic language continuum may have had a pharyngealized byform of the other vocalization, as also seen in عِرْنَاس (ʕirnās, “distaff”) and عَمْرُوسَة (ʕamrūsa, “small lamb”).", "forms": [ { "form": "الْعِرَاق", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "al-ʕirāq", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ar-decl-noun", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "informal", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "الْعِرَاق", "roman": "al-ʕirāq", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "informal", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "construct", "informal", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "nominative", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "الْعِرَاقُ", "roman": "al-ʕirāqu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "nominative", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "construct", "nominative", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "indefinite", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "الْعِرَاقَ", "roman": "al-ʕirāqa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "definite", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "construct", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "indefinite", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "الْعِرَاقِ", "roman": "al-ʕirāqi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "genitive", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "construct", "genitive", "singular", "triptote" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "الْعِرَاق", "2": "m", "g2": "f" }, "expansion": "الْعِرَاق • (al-ʕirāq) m or f", "name": "ar-proper noun" } ], "inflection_templates": 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"kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "ar", "name": "Countries", "orig": "ar:Countries", "parents": [ "Polities", "Places", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "ar", "name": "Countries in Asia", "orig": "ar:Countries in Asia", "parents": [ "Countries", "Places", "Asia", "Polities", "Names", "Earth", "Eurasia", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Nature", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "ar", "name": "Iraq", "orig": "ar:Iraq", "parents": [ "Asia", "Earth", "Eurasia", "Nature", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Iraq (a country in Asia)" ], "id": "en-العراق-ar-name-D3EPm3us", "links": [ [ "Iraq", "Iraq#English" ], [ "Asia", "Asia#English" ] ], "related": [ { "roman": "ʕirāqiyy", "word": "عِرَاقِيّ" }, { "roman": "ʕirāqiyya", "word": "عِرَاقِيَّة" } ], "wikipedia": [ "ar:العراق", "ru:Христианский Восток (журнал)" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/al.ʕi.raːq/" }, { "rhymes": "-aːq" } ], "word": "العراق" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ع ر ق" }, "expansion": "", "name": "afb-root" }, { "args": { "1": "afb", "2": "ar", "3": "الْعِرَاق" }, "expansion": "Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).", "forms": [ { "form": "li-ʕrāg", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "f", "tr": "li-ʕrāg" }, "expansion": "العراق • (li-ʕrāg) f", "name": "afb-proper noun" } ], "lang": "Gulf Arabic", "lang_code": "afb", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Gulf Arabic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Gulf Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ر 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"en-العراق-afb-name-D3EPm3us", "links": [ [ "Iraq", "Iraq#English" ], [ "Asia", "Asia#English" ] ], "related": [ { "english": "Iraqi", "roman": "ʕrāgi", "word": "عراقي" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/lɪʕraːɡ/" }, { "ipa": "/ɪlɪʕraːɡ/" } ], "word": "العراق" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "acw", "2": "ar", "3": "الْعِرَاق" }, "expansion": "Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq)", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).", "forms": [ { "form": "العِراق", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "alʕirāg", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "f", "head": "العِراق", "tr": "alʕirāg" }, "expansion": "العِراق • (alʕirāg) f", "name": "acw-proper noun" } ], "lang": "Hijazi Arabic", "lang_code": "acw", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Hijazi Arabic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 4 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "acw", "name": "Countries", "orig": "acw:Countries", "parents": [ "Polities", "Places", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "acw", "name": "Countries in Asia", "orig": "acw:Countries in Asia", "parents": [ "Countries", "Places", "Asia", "Polities", "Names", "Earth", "Eurasia", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Nature", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "acw", "name": "Iraq", "orig": "acw:Iraq", "parents": [ "Asia", "Earth", "Eurasia", "Nature", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Iraq (a country in Asia)" ], "id": "en-العراق-acw-name-D3EPm3us", "links": [ [ "Iraq", "Iraq#English" ], [ "Asia", "Asia#English" ] ], "related": [ { "english": "Iraqi", "roman": "ʕirāgi", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "عراقي" }, { "english": "Iraqi", "roman": "ʕirāgiyya", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "عراقيَّة" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/al.ʕi.raːɡ/" }, { "ipa": "[alʕɪraːɡ]" } ], "word": "العراق" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ajp", "2": "ar", "3": "الْعِرَاق" }, "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq)", "name": "lbor" } ], "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).", "forms": [ { "form": "il-ʕirāq", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "m", "tr": "il-ʕirāq" }, "expansion": "العراق • (il-ʕirāq) m", "name": "ajp-proper noun" } ], "lang": "South Levantine Arabic", "lang_code": "ajp", "pos": "name", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 4 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "South Levantine Arabic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "ajp", "name": "Countries", "orig": "ajp:Countries", "parents": [ "Polities", "Places", "Names", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "ajp", "name": "Countries in Asia", "orig": "ajp:Countries in Asia", "parents": [ "Countries", "Places", "Asia", "Polities", "Names", "Earth", "Eurasia", "All topics", "Proper nouns", "Terms by semantic function", "Nature", "Fundamental", "Nouns", "Lemmas" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "place", "langcode": "ajp", "name": "Iraq", "orig": "ajp:Iraq", "parents": [ "Asia", "Earth", "Eurasia", "Nature", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Iraq (a country in Asia)" ], "id": "en-العراق-ajp-name-D3EPm3us", "links": [ [ "Iraq", "Iraq#English" ], [ "Asia", "Asia#English" ] ], "related": [ { "english": "Iraqi", "roman": "ʕirāqi", "word": "عراقي" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/il.ʕi.raːq/" }, { "ipa": "[ɪl.ʕɪˈrˤɑːq]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-AdrianAbdulBaha-العراق.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.wav.ogg" } ], "word": "العراق" }
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "syc", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Classical Syriac", "name": "noncog" }, { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "pal", "3": "", "tr": "ˀyrg", "ts": "ērag" }, "expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "tmr", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Jewish Babylonian Aramaic", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ar", "2": "arc", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Aramaic", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "Medieval Arabic geographic understanding of this toponym included the areas in the south and center of modern Iraq. This may be understood as the definite form of عِرَاق (ʕirāq, “shore, coast, any region or area (of a whole country or a mere rivulet in a garden) adjacent to water as opposed to another one”), contradistinguished from الْجَزِيرَة (al-jazīra, “the Arabian Peninsula”), respectively, in Classical Syriac ܓܙܺܝܪܬܴ݁ܐ (gəzīrtā, “Mesopotamia”), but it is tempting to connect it with Middle Persian [script needed] (ˀyrg /ērag/) or [script needed] (ˀl'k' /erāg/, “lowlands”), like 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (ʾyrʾn /ērān/, “Iran”), with diminutive suffix from 𐭠𐭩𐭫 (ʾyl /ēr/, “Iranian”), referring to historic rule from Iraq’s plateau-situated neighbor, Persia. The former Pahlavi form is more closely reflected in a Jewish Babylonian Aramaic incantation bowl; together with the neighboring region, this marks it as אירג (ʔyrg /*ērag/), being the oldest extant witness of the country name. The Aramaic language continuum may have had a pharyngealized byform of the other vocalization, as also seen in عِرْنَاس (ʕirnās, “distaff”) and عَمْرُوسَة (ʕamrūsa, “small lamb”).", "forms": [ { "form": "الْعِرَاق", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "al-ʕirāq", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ar-decl-noun", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "informal", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "الْعِرَاق", "roman": "al-ʕirāq", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "informal", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "construct", "informal", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "indefinite", "nominative", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "الْعِرَاقُ", "roman": "al-ʕirāqu", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "nominative", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "construct", "nominative", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "indefinite", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "الْعِرَاقَ", "roman": "al-ʕirāqa", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "definite", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "construct", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "indefinite", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "الْعِرَاقِ", "roman": "al-ʕirāqi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "definite", "genitive", "singular", "triptote" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "construct", "genitive", "singular", "triptote" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "الْعِرَاق", "2": "m", "g2": "f" }, "expansion": "الْعِرَاق • (al-ʕirāq) m or f", "name": "ar-proper noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "عِرَاق", "state": "def" }, "name": "ar-decl-noun" } ], "lang": "Arabic", "lang_code": "ar", "pos": "name", "related": [ { "roman": "ʕirāqiyy", "word": "عِرَاقِيّ" }, { "roman": "ʕirāqiyya", "word": "عِرَاقِيَّة" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Arabic 3-syllable words", "Arabic definite nouns", "Arabic entries with incorrect language header", "Arabic feminine nouns", "Arabic feminine terms lacking feminine ending", "Arabic lemmas", "Arabic masculine nouns", "Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular", "Arabic nouns with multiple genders", "Arabic proper nouns", "Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic", "Arabic terms derived from Aramaic", "Arabic terms derived from Middle Persian", "Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation", "Middle Persian terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Middle Persian terms with redundant transliterations", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms", "Rhymes:Arabic/aːq", "Rhymes:Arabic/aːq/3 syllables", "ar:Countries", "ar:Countries in Asia", "ar:Iraq" ], "glosses": [ "Iraq (a country in Asia)" ], "links": [ [ "Iraq", "Iraq#English" ], [ "Asia", "Asia#English" ] ], "wikipedia": [ "ar:العراق", "ru:Христианский Восток (журнал)" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/al.ʕi.raːq/" }, { "rhymes": "-aːq" } ], "word": "العراق" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ع ر ق" }, "expansion": "", "name": "afb-root" }, { "args": { "1": "afb", "2": "ar", "3": "الْعِرَاق" }, "expansion": "Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq)", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).", "forms": [ { "form": "li-ʕrāg", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "f", "tr": "li-ʕrāg" }, "expansion": "العراق • (li-ʕrāg) f", "name": "afb-proper noun" } ], "lang": "Gulf Arabic", "lang_code": "afb", "pos": "name", "related": [ { "english": "Iraqi", "roman": "ʕrāgi", "word": "عراقي" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Gulf Arabic entries with incorrect language header", "Gulf Arabic feminine nouns", "Gulf Arabic lemmas", "Gulf Arabic proper nouns", "Gulf Arabic terms belonging to the root ع ر ق", "Gulf Arabic terms derived from Arabic", "Gulf Arabic terms inherited from Arabic", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "afb:Countries", "afb:Countries in Asia", "afb:Iraq" ], "glosses": [ "Iraq (a country in Asia)" ], "links": [ [ "Iraq", "Iraq#English" ], [ "Asia", "Asia#English" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/lɪʕraːɡ/" }, { "ipa": "/ɪlɪʕraːɡ/" } ], "word": "العراق" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "acw", "2": "ar", "3": "الْعِرَاق" }, "expansion": "Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq)", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "From Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).", "forms": [ { "form": "العِراق", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "alʕirāg", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "f", "head": "العِراق", "tr": "alʕirāg" }, "expansion": "العِراق • (alʕirāg) f", "name": "acw-proper noun" } ], "lang": "Hijazi Arabic", "lang_code": "acw", "pos": "name", "related": [ { "english": "Iraqi", "roman": "ʕirāgi", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "عراقي" }, { "english": "Iraqi", "roman": "ʕirāgiyya", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "عراقيَّة" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Hijazi Arabic entries with incorrect language header", "Hijazi Arabic feminine nouns", "Hijazi Arabic lemmas", "Hijazi Arabic proper nouns", "Hijazi Arabic terms borrowed from Arabic", "Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic", "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "acw:Countries", "acw:Countries in Asia", "acw:Iraq" ], "glosses": [ "Iraq (a country in Asia)" ], "links": [ [ "Iraq", "Iraq#English" ], [ "Asia", "Asia#English" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/al.ʕi.raːɡ/" }, { "ipa": "[alʕɪraːɡ]" } ], "word": "العراق" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ajp", "2": "ar", "3": "الْعِرَاق" }, "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq)", "name": "lbor" } ], "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Arabic الْعِرَاق (al-ʕirāq).", "forms": [ { "form": "il-ʕirāq", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "g": "m", "tr": "il-ʕirāq" }, "expansion": "العراق • (il-ʕirāq) m", "name": "ajp-proper noun" } ], "lang": "South Levantine Arabic", "lang_code": "ajp", "pos": "name", "related": [ { "english": "Iraqi", "roman": "ʕirāqi", "word": "عراقي" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 4 entries", "Pages with entries", "South Levantine Arabic entries with incorrect language header", "South Levantine Arabic learned borrowings from Arabic", "South Levantine Arabic lemmas", "South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns", "South Levantine Arabic proper nouns", "South Levantine Arabic terms borrowed from Arabic", "South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic", "South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation", "ajp:Countries", "ajp:Countries in Asia", "ajp:Iraq" ], "glosses": [ "Iraq (a country in Asia)" ], "links": [ [ "Iraq", "Iraq#English" ], [ "Asia", "Asia#English" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/il.ʕi.raːq/" }, { "ipa": "[ɪl.ʕɪˈrˤɑːq]" }, { "audio": "LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-AdrianAbdulBaha-العراق.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-AdrianAbdulBaha-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82.wav.ogg" } ], "word": "العراق" }
Download raw JSONL data for العراق meaning in All languages combined (9.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.