"اسفناج" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "سَبَانِخ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: سَبَانِخ (sabāniḵ), إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ), إِسْفَنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ), إِسْفَنَاج (ʔisfanāj), إِسْفَانَاج (ʔisfānāj), سَبَانَغ (sabānaḡ), سَبَانَج (sabānaj)\nAndalusian Arabic: إِسْفِنَاج (isfināj), إِسْبِنَاج (isbināj), إِسْبِنَاخ (isbināḵ)\n→ Aragonese: espinai\n→ Catalan: espinac\n→ Occitan: espinac, espinarc (influenced by french)\n→ Portuguese: espinafre\n→ Spanish: espinaca\n→ Medieval Latin: spinacium, spinachium, spinarchia (influenced by spina (“thorn”))\n→ Byzantine Greek: σπινάκιον (spinákion), σπανάκιν (spanákin), σπινάκι (spináki)\nGreek: σπανάκι (spanáki), σπανάκιον (spanákion)\n→ Bulgarian: спанак (spanak)\n→ Romanian: spanac\n→ Serbo-Croatian: спанаћ / spanać\n→ Italian: spinacio, spinace\n→ Middle High German: spināt (final -t perhaps influenced by Salat)\nGerman: Spinat\n→ Russian: шпинат (špinat)\n→ Bashkir: шпинат (şpinat)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: шпинат / špìnāt\n→ Ukrainian: шпина́т (špynát)\n→ Old French: espinoche, espinache, espinarde, espinaces\nFrench: épinard, (obsolete) epinart\n→ English: spinach, (obsolete) spinage\n→ Irish: spionáiste",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: سَبَانِخ (sabāniḵ), إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ), إِسْفَنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ), إِسْفَنَاج (ʔisfanāj), إِسْفَانَاج (ʔisfānāj), سَبَانَغ (sabānaḡ), سَبَانَج (sabānaj)\nAndalusian Arabic: إِسْفِنَاج (isfināj), إِسْبِنَاج (isbināj), إِسْبِنَاخ (isbināḵ)\n→ Aragonese: espinai\n→ Catalan: espinac\n→ Occitan: espinac, espinarc (influenced by french)\n→ Portuguese: espinafre\n→ Spanish: espinaca\n→ Medieval Latin: spinacium, spinachium, spinarchia (influenced by spina (“thorn”))\n→ Byzantine Greek: σπινάκιον (spinákion), σπανάκιν (spanákin), σπινάκι (spináki)\nGreek: σπανάκι (spanáki), σπανάκιον (spanákion)\n→ Bulgarian: спанак (spanak)\n→ Romanian: spanac\n→ Serbo-Croatian: спанаћ / spanać\n→ Italian: spinacio, spinace\n→ Middle High German: spināt (final -t perhaps influenced by Salat)\nGerman: Spinat\n→ Russian: шпинат (špinat)\n→ Bashkir: шпинат (şpinat)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: шпинат / špìnāt\n→ Ukrainian: шпина́т (špynát)\n→ Old French: espinoche, espinache, espinarde, espinaces\nFrench: épinard, (obsolete) epinart\n→ English: spinach, (obsolete) spinage\n→ Irish: spionáiste"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "ისპანახი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: ისპანახი (isṗanaxi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: ისპანახი (isṗanaxi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "axm",
            "2": "սպանախ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: սպանախ (spanax), ասպանախ (aspanax), սպաննախ (spannax)\nArmenian: սպանախ (spanax)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Armenian: սպանախ (spanax), ասպանախ (aspanax), սպաննախ (spannax)\nArmenian: սպանախ (spanax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "اسفناج",
            "3": "اسپناخ",
            "4": "اسفاناخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "isfinâj",
            "tr2": "ispenâh",
            "tr3": "isfânâh"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: اسفناج (isfinâj), اسپناخ (ispenâh), اسفاناخ (isfânâh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: اسفناج (isfinâj), اسپناخ (ispenâh), اسفاناخ (isfânâh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "→ Turkic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "ispanaq"
          },
          "expansion": "Azerbaijani: ispanaq",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Azerbaijani: ispanaq"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "qwm",
            "2": "yspanac"
          },
          "expansion": "Kipchak: yspanac",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kipchak: yspanac"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "اسپانق",
            "3": "اسپناق",
            "4": "اسپاناق",
            "5": "اسپاناك",
            "6": "اسپناك",
            "tr3": "ispanak, ıspanak",
            "tr5": "ispanâk"
          },
          "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: اسپانق, اسپناق, اسپاناق (ispanak, ıspanak), اسپاناك, اسپناك (ispanâk)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ottoman Turkish: اسپانق, اسپناق, اسپاناق (ispanak, ıspanak), اسپاناك, اسپناك (ispanâk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tr",
            "2": "ıspanak"
          },
          "expansion": "Turkish: ıspanak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Turkish: ıspanak"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tk",
            "2": "ysmanak"
          },
          "expansion": "Turkmen: ysmanak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Turkmen: ysmanak"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira"
      },
      "expansion": "Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ispanāg"
      },
      "expansion": "*ispanāg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ispināg"
      },
      "expansion": "*ispināg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ispanāx"
      },
      "expansion": "*ispanāx",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ispināx"
      },
      "expansion": "*ispināx",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "إسفناج",
        "3": "إِسْفَنَاج / إِسْفِنَاج"
      },
      "expansion": "إِسْفَنَاج / إِسْفِنَاج (ʔisfanāj / ʔisfināj)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "إسفناخ",
        "3": "إِسْفَنَاخ / إِسْفِنَاخ"
      },
      "expansion": "إِسْفَنَاخ / إِسْفِنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ / ʔisfināḵ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پ",
        "tr": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "پ (p)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*spināka-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spināka-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*spinaka-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spinaka-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "sping"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish sping",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*spin-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spin-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*sin-"
      },
      "expansion": "*sin-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*spai-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *spai-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*spi-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spi-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spey-",
        "gloss": "thorn-like"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“thorn-like”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*spi-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spi-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "spina"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin spina",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "سنجد",
        "tr": "senjed"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian سنجد (senjed)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "сындз"
      },
      "expansion": "Ossetian сындз (synʒ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "синдзӕ",
        "gloss": "thorn"
      },
      "expansion": "синдзӕ (sinʒæ, “thorn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bal",
        "tr": "šinž"
      },
      "expansion": "Baluchi [script needed] (šinž)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "",
        "3": "šeng"
      },
      "expansion": "šeng",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "",
        "3": "šank",
        "gloss": "thorn"
      },
      "expansion": "šank (“thorn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smy",
        "2": "esbenāγa"
      },
      "expansion": "Semnani esbenāγa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "Цаболов"
      },
      "expansion": "Cabolov",
      "name": "xlit"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "possibly also"
      },
      "expansion": "possibly also",
      "name": "non-gloss definition"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "siping",
        "t": "meadow salsify, <span class=\"Latn\" lang=\"en\">possibly also</span> spinach"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish siping (“meadow salsify, possibly also spinach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "سپند",
        "t": "wild rue",
        "tr": "sepand"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian سپند (sepand, “wild rue”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "اسفناج"
      },
      "expansion": "اسفناج",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Kulturwort of Iranian origin. According to Asatrian, there were probably two forms in late Middle Iranian, *ispanāg (or *ispināg) and (the dialectal) *ispanāx (or *ispināx), yielding Arabized forms إِسْفَنَاج / إِسْفِنَاج (ʔisfanāj / ʔisfināj) and إِسْفَنَاخ / إِسْفِنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ / ʔisfināḵ), which were popularized in Persian and Arabic, respectively (alternative forms with پ (p) are directly from Middle Iranian). The Old Iranian form would be *spināka-, *spinaka- (compare Northern Kurdish sping), from the root *spin- (Northwestern Iranian), *sin- (Southwestern Iranian), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian *spai- (*spi-), from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“thorn-like”) (*spi-), which are also reflected in Latin spina, Persian سنجد (senjed), Ossetian сындз (synʒ), синдзӕ (sinʒæ, “thorn”), Baluchi [script needed] (šinž), Central Iranian šeng, Kermani šank (“thorn”). Also akin to Semnani esbenāγa.\nAccording to Cabolov, related to Northern Kurdish siping (“meadow salsify, possibly also spinach”) and Persian سپند (sepand, “wild rue”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "esfanâj",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfenâj",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اسفناجها",
      "roman": "esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "اسفناجها",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "esfanâj, esfenâj",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "اسفناج • (esfanâj, esfenâj) (plural اسفناجها (esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ))",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "اسفناجها",
        "tr": "esfanâj, esfenâj"
      },
      "expansion": "اسفناج • (esfanâj, esfenâj) (plural اسفناجها (esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ))",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Semnani terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined language links",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "fa",
          "name": "Amaranths and goosefoots",
          "orig": "fa:Amaranths and goosefoots",
          "parents": [
            "Caryophyllales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "fa",
          "name": "Vegetables",
          "orig": "fa:Vegetables",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Plants",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "ref": "1258, Rumi, Masnavi, First Book",
          "roman": "yā turš-bā yā ka šīrīn mī-sazī",
          "text": "من سپاناخ تو با هرچم پزی\nیا ترشبا یا که شیرین میسزی\nman sipānāx tō bā harčam pazī",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spinach"
      ],
      "id": "en-اسفناج-fa-noun-in~rSr~1",
      "links": [
        [
          "spinach",
          "spinach"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "شومین"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sepânâj",
          "word": "سپاناج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "espânâj",
          "word": "اسپاناج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sepanâj",
          "word": "سپناج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "espanâj",
          "word": "اسپناج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "espânaj",
          "word": "اسپانج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "espanânaj",
          "word": "اسپنانج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sefânâj",
          "word": "سفاناج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "esfânâj",
          "word": "اسفاناج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sepânâx",
          "word": "سپاناخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "espânâx",
          "word": "اسپاناخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "espanâx",
          "word": "اسپناخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sepanâx",
          "word": "سپناخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "espânax",
          "word": "اسپانخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sefânâx",
          "word": "سفاناخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "esfânâx",
          "word": "اسفاناخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "esfanâx",
          "word": "اسفناخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "esbânâx",
          "word": "اسباناخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "esbenâx",
          "word": "اسبناخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sabânax",
          "word": "سبانخ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "sebânaj",
          "word": "سبانج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "esbânaj",
          "word": "اسبانج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "esbanâj",
          "word": "اسبناج"
        },
        {
          "roman": "espânâğ",
          "word": "اسپاناغ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "espanâğ",
          "word": "اسپناغ"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Kermani",
        "fa:اسفناج"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔis.fi.nɑːd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɪs.fɪ.nɑːd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɪs.fɪ.nɑːd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɪs.fɪ.nɑːd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔis.fi.nɔːd͡ʒ̥]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔes.fe.nɒːd͡ʒ̥]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔis.fi.nɔd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "اسفناج"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "سَبَانِخ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Arabic: سَبَانِخ (sabāniḵ), إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ), إِسْفَنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ), إِسْفَنَاج (ʔisfanāj), إِسْفَانَاج (ʔisfānāj), سَبَانَغ (sabānaḡ), سَبَانَج (sabānaj)\nAndalusian Arabic: إِسْفِنَاج (isfināj), إِسْبِنَاج (isbināj), إِسْبِنَاخ (isbināḵ)\n→ Aragonese: espinai\n→ Catalan: espinac\n→ Occitan: espinac, espinarc (influenced by french)\n→ Portuguese: espinafre\n→ Spanish: espinaca\n→ Medieval Latin: spinacium, spinachium, spinarchia (influenced by spina (“thorn”))\n→ Byzantine Greek: σπινάκιον (spinákion), σπανάκιν (spanákin), σπινάκι (spináki)\nGreek: σπανάκι (spanáki), σπανάκιον (spanákion)\n→ Bulgarian: спанак (spanak)\n→ Romanian: spanac\n→ Serbo-Croatian: спанаћ / spanać\n→ Italian: spinacio, spinace\n→ Middle High German: spināt (final -t perhaps influenced by Salat)\nGerman: Spinat\n→ Russian: шпинат (špinat)\n→ Bashkir: шпинат (şpinat)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: шпинат / špìnāt\n→ Ukrainian: шпина́т (špynát)\n→ Old French: espinoche, espinache, espinarde, espinaces\nFrench: épinard, (obsolete) epinart\n→ English: spinach, (obsolete) spinage\n→ Irish: spionáiste",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Arabic: سَبَانِخ (sabāniḵ), إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ), إِسْفَنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ), إِسْفَنَاج (ʔisfanāj), إِسْفَانَاج (ʔisfānāj), سَبَانَغ (sabānaḡ), سَبَانَج (sabānaj)\nAndalusian Arabic: إِسْفِنَاج (isfināj), إِسْبِنَاج (isbināj), إِسْبِنَاخ (isbināḵ)\n→ Aragonese: espinai\n→ Catalan: espinac\n→ Occitan: espinac, espinarc (influenced by french)\n→ Portuguese: espinafre\n→ Spanish: espinaca\n→ Medieval Latin: spinacium, spinachium, spinarchia (influenced by spina (“thorn”))\n→ Byzantine Greek: σπινάκιον (spinákion), σπανάκιν (spanákin), σπινάκι (spináki)\nGreek: σπανάκι (spanáki), σπανάκιον (spanákion)\n→ Bulgarian: спанак (spanak)\n→ Romanian: spanac\n→ Serbo-Croatian: спанаћ / spanać\n→ Italian: spinacio, spinace\n→ Middle High German: spināt (final -t perhaps influenced by Salat)\nGerman: Spinat\n→ Russian: шпинат (špinat)\n→ Bashkir: шпинат (şpinat)\n→ Serbo-Croatian: шпинат / špìnāt\n→ Ukrainian: шпина́т (špynát)\n→ Old French: espinoche, espinache, espinarde, espinaces\nFrench: épinard, (obsolete) epinart\n→ English: spinach, (obsolete) spinage\n→ Irish: spionáiste"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "ისპანახი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: ისპანახი (isṗanaxi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: ისპანახი (isṗanaxi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "axm",
            "2": "սպանախ",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle Armenian: սպանախ (spanax), ասպանախ (aspanax), սպաննախ (spannax)\nArmenian: սպանախ (spanax)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle Armenian: սպանախ (spanax), ասպանախ (aspanax), սպաննախ (spannax)\nArmenian: սպանախ (spanax)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "اسفناج",
            "3": "اسپناخ",
            "4": "اسفاناخ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "isfinâj",
            "tr2": "ispenâh",
            "tr3": "isfânâh"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: اسفناج (isfinâj), اسپناخ (ispenâh), اسفاناخ (isfânâh)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: اسفناج (isfinâj), اسپناخ (ispenâh), اسفاناخ (isfânâh)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "→ Turkic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "az",
            "2": "ispanaq"
          },
          "expansion": "Azerbaijani: ispanaq",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Azerbaijani: ispanaq"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kipchak:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "qwm",
            "2": "yspanac"
          },
          "expansion": "Kipchak: yspanac",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kipchak: yspanac"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ota",
            "2": "اسپانق",
            "3": "اسپناق",
            "4": "اسپاناق",
            "5": "اسپاناك",
            "6": "اسپناك",
            "tr3": "ispanak, ıspanak",
            "tr5": "ispanâk"
          },
          "expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: اسپانق, اسپناق, اسپاناق (ispanak, ıspanak), اسپاناك, اسپناك (ispanâk)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ottoman Turkish: اسپانق, اسپناق, اسپاناق (ispanak, ıspanak), اسپاناك, اسپناك (ispanâk)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tr",
            "2": "ıspanak"
          },
          "expansion": "Turkish: ıspanak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Turkish: ıspanak"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tk",
            "2": "ysmanak"
          },
          "expansion": "Turkmen: ysmanak",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Turkmen: ysmanak"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira"
      },
      "expansion": "Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-mid"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ispanāg"
      },
      "expansion": "*ispanāg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ispināg"
      },
      "expansion": "*ispināg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ispanāx"
      },
      "expansion": "*ispanāx",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*ispināx"
      },
      "expansion": "*ispināx",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "إسفناج",
        "3": "إِسْفَنَاج / إِسْفِنَاج"
      },
      "expansion": "إِسْفَنَاج / إِسْفِنَاج (ʔisfanāj / ʔisfināj)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "إسفناخ",
        "3": "إِسْفَنَاخ / إِسْفِنَاخ"
      },
      "expansion": "إِسْفَنَاخ / إِسْفِنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ / ʔisfināḵ)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ar",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پ",
        "tr": "p"
      },
      "expansion": "پ (p)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-old"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Iranian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*spināka-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spināka-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*spinaka-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spinaka-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "sping"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish sping",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*spin-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spin-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "*sin-"
      },
      "expansion": "*sin-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ira-pro",
        "3": "*spai-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Iranian *spai-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*spi-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spi-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*spey-",
        "gloss": "thorn-like"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“thorn-like”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*spi-"
      },
      "expansion": "*spi-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "spina"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin spina",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "سنجد",
        "tr": "senjed"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian سنجد (senjed)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "сындз"
      },
      "expansion": "Ossetian сындз (synʒ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "синдзӕ",
        "gloss": "thorn"
      },
      "expansion": "синдзӕ (sinʒæ, “thorn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bal",
        "tr": "šinž"
      },
      "expansion": "Baluchi [script needed] (šinž)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "",
        "3": "šeng"
      },
      "expansion": "šeng",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "und",
        "2": "",
        "3": "šank",
        "gloss": "thorn"
      },
      "expansion": "šank (“thorn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smy",
        "2": "esbenāγa"
      },
      "expansion": "Semnani esbenāγa",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "Цаболов"
      },
      "expansion": "Cabolov",
      "name": "xlit"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "possibly also"
      },
      "expansion": "possibly also",
      "name": "non-gloss definition"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kmr",
        "2": "siping",
        "t": "meadow salsify, <span class=\"Latn\" lang=\"en\">possibly also</span> spinach"
      },
      "expansion": "Northern Kurdish siping (“meadow salsify, possibly also spinach”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "سپند",
        "t": "wild rue",
        "tr": "sepand"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian سپند (sepand, “wild rue”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "اسفناج"
      },
      "expansion": "اسفناج",
      "name": "lang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Kulturwort of Iranian origin. According to Asatrian, there were probably two forms in late Middle Iranian, *ispanāg (or *ispināg) and (the dialectal) *ispanāx (or *ispināx), yielding Arabized forms إِسْفَنَاج / إِسْفِنَاج (ʔisfanāj / ʔisfināj) and إِسْفَنَاخ / إِسْفِنَاخ (ʔisfanāḵ / ʔisfināḵ), which were popularized in Persian and Arabic, respectively (alternative forms with پ (p) are directly from Middle Iranian). The Old Iranian form would be *spināka-, *spinaka- (compare Northern Kurdish sping), from the root *spin- (Northwestern Iranian), *sin- (Southwestern Iranian), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian *spai- (*spi-), from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“thorn-like”) (*spi-), which are also reflected in Latin spina, Persian سنجد (senjed), Ossetian сындз (synʒ), синдзӕ (sinʒæ, “thorn”), Baluchi [script needed] (šinž), Central Iranian šeng, Kermani šank (“thorn”). Also akin to Semnani esbenāγa.\nAccording to Cabolov, related to Northern Kurdish siping (“meadow salsify, possibly also spinach”) and Persian سپند (sepand, “wild rue”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "esfanâj",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esfenâj",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "اسفناجها",
      "roman": "esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "plural",
        "4": "اسفناجها",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "f1tr": "esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ",
        "f2tr": "",
        "f3tr": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "tr": "esfanâj, esfenâj",
        "tr2": "",
        "tr3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "اسفناج • (esfanâj, esfenâj) (plural اسفناجها (esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ))",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "اسفناجها",
        "tr": "esfanâj, esfenâj"
      },
      "expansion": "اسفناج • (esfanâj, esfenâj) (plural اسفناجها (esfanâj, esfenâj-hâ))",
      "name": "fa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Persian",
  "lang_code": "fa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Persian lemmas",
        "Persian nouns",
        "Persian terms derived from Iranian languages",
        "Persian terms derived from Middle Iranian languages",
        "Persian terms derived from Old Iranian languages",
        "Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
        "Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Persian terms with quotations",
        "Requests for native script for Baluchi terms",
        "Requests for translations of Persian quotations",
        "Semnani terms in nonstandard scripts",
        "Undetermined language links",
        "fa:Amaranths and goosefoots",
        "fa:Vegetables"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
          "ref": "1258, Rumi, Masnavi, First Book",
          "roman": "yā turš-bā yā ka šīrīn mī-sazī",
          "text": "من سپاناخ تو با هرچم پزی\nیا ترشبا یا که شیرین میسزی\nman sipānāx tō bā harčam pazī",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spinach"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spinach",
          "spinach"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "شومین"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Kermani",
        "fa:اسفناج"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔis.fi.nɑːd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Persian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɪs.fɪ.nɑːd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɪs.fɪ.nɑːd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Dari",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔɪs.fɪ.nɑːd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Kabuli"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔis.fi.nɔːd͡ʒ̥]",
      "note": "Hazaragi"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔes.fe.nɒːd͡ʒ̥]",
      "tags": [
        "Iran",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ʔis.fi.nɔd͡ʒ]",
      "tags": [
        "Tajik",
        "formal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "sepânâj",
      "word": "سپاناج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "espânâj",
      "word": "اسپاناج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sepanâj",
      "word": "سپناج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "espanâj",
      "word": "اسپناج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "espânaj",
      "word": "اسپانج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "espanânaj",
      "word": "اسپنانج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sefânâj",
      "word": "سفاناج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "esfânâj",
      "word": "اسفاناج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sepânâx",
      "word": "سپاناخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "espânâx",
      "word": "اسپاناخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "espanâx",
      "word": "اسپناخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sepanâx",
      "word": "سپناخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "espânax",
      "word": "اسپانخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sefânâx",
      "word": "سفاناخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "esfânâx",
      "word": "اسفاناخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "esfanâx",
      "word": "اسفناخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "esbânâx",
      "word": "اسباناخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "esbenâx",
      "word": "اسبناخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sabânax",
      "word": "سبانخ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sebânaj",
      "word": "سبانج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "esbânaj",
      "word": "اسبانج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "esbanâj",
      "word": "اسبناج"
    },
    {
      "roman": "espânâğ",
      "word": "اسپاناغ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "espanâğ",
      "word": "اسپناغ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "اسفناج"
}