See уур on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for уур meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*haxur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *haxur",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "ho"
},
"expansion": "Dongxiang ho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dta",
"2": "aur"
},
"expansion": "Daur aur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mongolic *haxur, compare Dongxiang ho, Daur aur.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ᠠᠭᠤᠷ",
"roman": "aɣur",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ᠠᠭᠤᠷ",
"dec": "n"
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur) (Mongolian spelling ᠠᠭᠤᠷ (aɣur)); (hidden-n declension)",
"name": "mn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mn",
"name": "Gases",
"orig": "mn:Gases",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mn",
"name": "Water",
"orig": "mn:Water",
"parents": [
"Liquids",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"steam"
],
"id": "en-уур-mn-noun-Px8pREwJ",
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"tags": [
"hidden-n"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-уур-mn-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"hidden-n"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mn",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "mn:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"anger, wrath"
],
"id": "en-уур-mn-noun-Zqne6y-x",
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath"
]
],
"tags": [
"hidden-n"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊːr/"
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*oxur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *oxur",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "овур"
},
"expansion": "Evenki овур (owur)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"ts": "oγur"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai [Term?] (/oγur/)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mongolic *oxur, compare Evenki овур (owur), Chagatai [Term?] (/oγur/), Mongolian loans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ᠤᠭᠤᠷ",
"roman": "uɣur",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ᠤᠭᠤᠷ"
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur) (Mongolian spelling ᠤᠭᠤᠷ (uɣur))",
"name": "mn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mn",
"name": "Containers",
"orig": "mn:Containers",
"parents": [
"Tools",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mn",
"name": "Kitchenware",
"orig": "mn:Kitchenware",
"parents": [
"Cooking",
"Home appliances",
"Tools",
"Food and drink",
"Home",
"Machines",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 20 57 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mongolian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 14 72 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mongolian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mortar"
],
"id": "en-уур-mn-noun-oyT58KoL",
"links": [
[
"mortar",
"mortar"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "pestle",
"roman": "nüdüür",
"word": "нүдүүр"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊːr/"
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "mn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "oor",
"word": "оор"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of оор (oor)"
],
"id": "en-уур-mn-noun-dXBl4qO3",
"links": [
[
"оор",
"оор#Mongolian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊːr/"
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*iagïr",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *iagïr (“heavy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "ağïr",
"t": "heavy, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur ağïr (“heavy, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "авыр"
},
"expansion": "Tatar авыр (awır)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "ауыр"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh ауыр (auyr)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "оор"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz оор (oor)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "ağır"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar ağır",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "avur"
},
"expansion": "avur",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "авур"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk авур (awur)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "ogʻir"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek ogʻir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ağır"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani ağır",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ağır"
},
"expansion": "Turkish ağır",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "аар"
},
"expansion": "Khakas аар (aar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "аар"
},
"expansion": "Shor аар",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "ыар",
"3": "",
"t": "heavy; difficult"
},
"expansion": "Yakut ыар (ıar, “heavy; difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *awïr \"heavy, difficult\", from Proto-Turkic *iagïr (“heavy”).\nCognate with\nOld Uyghur ağïr (“heavy, difficult”);\nTatar авыр (awır), Kazakh ауыр (auyr); Kyrgyz оор (oor), Crimean Tatar ağır / avur, Kumyk авур (awur), Uzbek ogʻir, Azerbaijani ağır, Turkish ağır, Khakas аар (aar), Shor аар, Yakut ыар (ıar, “heavy; difficult”), etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavy"
],
"id": "en-уур-alt-adj-ItWSXtZG",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "ууру"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz ууру (uuru)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare to Kyrgyz ууру (uuru), etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "alt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uurčï",
"word": "уурчы"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thief"
],
"id": "en-уур-alt-noun-jdKa3ZmS",
"links": [
[
"thief",
"thief"
]
]
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "decision, decree",
"roman": "uuraaq",
"word": "уураах"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "uurdar",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"word": "уурдар"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "laying, decision, decree",
"roman": "uuruu",
"word": "ууруу"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ur-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ur-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "vurmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish vurmak",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *ur-. Compare to Other turkic , example to Turkish vurmak, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "sah-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yakut entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to place, to put"
],
"id": "en-уур-sah-verb-1~dqrXgr",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"put",
"put"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sah",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "sah:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yakut entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to decree"
],
"id": "en-уур-sah-verb-0fVjTieV",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"decree",
"decree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) to decree"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mongolian 1-syllable words",
"Mongolian entries with incorrect language header",
"Mongolian hidden-n declension nouns",
"Mongolian lemmas",
"Mongolian nouns",
"Mongolian terms derived from Proto-Mongolic",
"Mongolian terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic",
"Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mongolian terms with redundant script codes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*haxur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *haxur",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "ho"
},
"expansion": "Dongxiang ho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dta",
"2": "aur"
},
"expansion": "Daur aur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mongolic *haxur, compare Dongxiang ho, Daur aur.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ᠠᠭᠤᠷ",
"roman": "aɣur",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ᠠᠭᠤᠷ",
"dec": "n"
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur) (Mongolian spelling ᠠᠭᠤᠷ (aɣur)); (hidden-n declension)",
"name": "mn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"mn:Gases",
"mn:Water"
],
"glosses": [
"steam"
],
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"tags": [
"hidden-n"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"hidden-n"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mn:Emotions"
],
"glosses": [
"anger, wrath"
],
"links": [
[
"anger",
"anger"
],
[
"wrath",
"wrath"
]
],
"tags": [
"hidden-n"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊːr/"
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mongolian 1-syllable words",
"Mongolian entries with incorrect language header",
"Mongolian lemmas",
"Mongolian nouns",
"Mongolian terms derived from Proto-Mongolic",
"Mongolian terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic",
"Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mongolian terms with redundant script codes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "xgn-pro",
"3": "*oxur"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *oxur",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "evn",
"2": "овур"
},
"expansion": "Evenki овур (owur)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"ts": "oγur"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai [Term?] (/oγur/)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mongolic *oxur, compare Evenki овур (owur), Chagatai [Term?] (/oγur/), Mongolian loans.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ᠤᠭᠤᠷ",
"roman": "uɣur",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ᠤᠭᠤᠷ"
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur) (Mongolian spelling ᠤᠭᠤᠷ (uɣur))",
"name": "mn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "pestle",
"roman": "nüdüür",
"word": "нүдүүр"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"mn:Containers",
"mn:Kitchenware"
],
"glosses": [
"mortar"
],
"links": [
[
"mortar",
"mortar"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊːr/"
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mongolian 1-syllable words",
"Mongolian entries with incorrect language header",
"Mongolian lemmas",
"Mongolian nouns",
"Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Mongolian terms with redundant script codes"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "mn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Mongolian",
"lang_code": "mn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "oor",
"word": "оор"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of оор (oor)"
],
"links": [
[
"оор",
"оор#Mongolian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊːr/"
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"categories": [
"Southern Altai adjectives",
"Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"Southern Altai lemmas",
"Southern Altai nouns",
"Southern Altai terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Southern Altai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*iagïr",
"t": "heavy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *iagïr (“heavy”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "ağïr",
"t": "heavy, difficult"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur ağïr (“heavy, difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "авыр"
},
"expansion": "Tatar авыр (awır)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "ауыр"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh ауыр (auyr)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "оор"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz оор (oor)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "ağır"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar ağır",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "avur"
},
"expansion": "avur",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "авур"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk авур (awur)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "ogʻir"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek ogʻir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "ağır"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani ağır",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ağır"
},
"expansion": "Turkish ağır",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "аар"
},
"expansion": "Khakas аар (aar)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "аар"
},
"expansion": "Shor аар",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "ыар",
"3": "",
"t": "heavy; difficult"
},
"expansion": "Yakut ыар (ıar, “heavy; difficult”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *awïr \"heavy, difficult\", from Proto-Turkic *iagïr (“heavy”).\nCognate with\nOld Uyghur ağïr (“heavy, difficult”);\nTatar авыр (awır), Kazakh ауыр (auyr); Kyrgyz оор (oor), Crimean Tatar ağır / avur, Kumyk авур (awur), Uzbek ogʻir, Azerbaijani ağır, Turkish ağır, Khakas аар (aar), Shor аар, Yakut ыар (ıar, “heavy; difficult”), etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"heavy"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
]
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"categories": [
"Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"Southern Altai lemmas",
"Southern Altai nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uurčï",
"word": "уурчы"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "ууру"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz ууру (uuru)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare to Kyrgyz ууру (uuru), etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "alt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"thief"
],
"links": [
[
"thief",
"thief"
]
]
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
{
"categories": [
"Yakut entries with incorrect language header",
"Yakut lemmas",
"Yakut terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Yakut terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Yakut verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "decision, decree",
"roman": "uuraaq",
"word": "уураах"
},
{
"roman": "uurdar",
"tags": [
"causative"
],
"word": "уурдар"
},
{
"english": "laying, decision, decree",
"roman": "uuruu",
"word": "ууруу"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*ur-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *ur-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "vurmak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish vurmak",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *ur-. Compare to Other turkic , example to Turkish vurmak, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "uur",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "уур • (uur)",
"name": "sah-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Yakut",
"lang_code": "sah",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to place, to put"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"put",
"put"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"sah:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"to decree"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"decree",
"decree"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) to decree"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
}
],
"word": "уур"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.