See тундра on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "smi",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sami",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of Sami origin, via Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ту́ндра",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "túndra",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндра",
"roman": "túndra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндри",
"roman": "túndri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрата",
"roman": "túndrata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрите",
"roman": "túndrite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ту́ндра",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "ту́ндра • (túndra) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ту́ндра<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "bg",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "bg:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-тундра-bg-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundrɐ]"
}
],
"word": "тундра"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "տունդրա",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: տունդրա (tundra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: տունդրա (tundra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "tundra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: tundra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: tundra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "туундара",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: туундара (tuundara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: туундара (tuundara)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯндрэ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ту́ндра",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "túndra",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундр",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндровый",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндра",
"roman": "túndra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"roman": "túndry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"roman": "túndry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндр",
"roman": "túndr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндре",
"roman": "túndre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрам",
"roman": "túndram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндру",
"roman": "túndru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"roman": "túndry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрой",
"roman": "túndroj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрою",
"roman": "túndroju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрами",
"roman": "túndrami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндре",
"roman": "túndre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрах",
"roman": "túndrax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ту́ндра",
"adj": "ту́ндровый"
},
"expansion": "ту́ндра • (túndra) f inan (genitive ту́ндры, nominative plural ту́ндры, genitive plural тундр, relational adjective ту́ндровый)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-тундра-ru-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra"
]
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "lesotúndra",
"word": "лесоту́ндра"
},
{
"roman": "lesotúndrovyj",
"word": "лесоту́ндровый"
},
{
"roman": "túndrovyj",
"word": "ту́ндровый"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ru:тундра"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundrə]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-тундра.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Ru-%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Ru-%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0.ogg"
}
],
"word": "тундра"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ту̑ндра",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tȗndra",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ту̑ндра",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундре",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундре",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту̑ндра̄",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту̑ндрӣ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундри",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундрама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундру",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундре",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундро",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "тундре",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "тундри",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундрама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундром",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундрама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "ту̑ндра"
},
"expansion": "ту̑ндра f (Latin spelling tȗndra)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"тун‧дра"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ту̑ндра",
"10": "тундре",
"11": "тундри",
"12": "тундрама",
"13": "тундром",
"14": "тундрама",
"2": "тундре",
"3": "тундре",
"4": "ту̑ндра̄/ту̑ндрӣ",
"5": "тундри",
"6": "тундрама",
"7": "тундру",
"8": "тундре",
"9": "тундро"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"id": "en-тундра-sh-noun-UwCKQCHV",
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tûːndra/"
}
],
"word": "тундра"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "smi",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sami",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of Sami origin, via Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ту́ндра",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "túndra",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндра",
"roman": "túndra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндри",
"roman": "túndri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрата",
"roman": "túndrata",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрите",
"roman": "túndrite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ту́ндра",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "ту́ндра • (túndra) f",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ту́ндра<>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian feminine nouns",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Sami languages",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"bg:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundrɐ]"
}
],
"word": "тундра"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "տունդրա",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: տունդրա (tundra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: տունդրա (tundra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "tundra",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: tundra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: tundra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sah",
"2": "туундара",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yakut: туундара (tuundara)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yakut: туундара (tuundara)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sjd",
"3": "тӯндрэ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Kildin Sami тӯндрэ (tūndre), the accusative/genitive form of тӯндар (tūndar).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ту́ндра",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "túndra",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундр",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндровый",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hard-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндра",
"roman": "túndra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"roman": "túndry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"roman": "túndry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндр",
"roman": "túndr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндре",
"roman": "túndre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрам",
"roman": "túndram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндру",
"roman": "túndru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндры",
"roman": "túndry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрой",
"roman": "túndroj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрою",
"roman": "túndroju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрами",
"roman": "túndrami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндре",
"roman": "túndre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту́ндрах",
"roman": "túndrax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ту́ндра",
"adj": "ту́ндровый"
},
"expansion": "ту́ндра • (túndra) f inan (genitive ту́ндры, nominative plural ту́ндры, genitive plural тундр, relational adjective ту́ндровый)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "lesotúndra",
"word": "лесоту́ндра"
},
{
"roman": "lesotúndrovyj",
"word": "лесоту́ндровый"
},
{
"roman": "túndrovyj",
"word": "ту́ндровый"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms borrowed from Kildin Sami",
"Russian terms derived from Kildin Sami",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"ru:тундра"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtundrə]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-тундра.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Ru-%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Ru-%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0.ogg"
}
],
"word": "тундра"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ту́ндра"
},
"expansion": "Russian ту́ндра (túndra)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian ту́ндра (túndra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ту̑ндра",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "tȗndra",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ту̑ндра",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундре",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундре",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ту̑ндра̄",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ту̑ндрӣ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундри",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундрама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундру",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундре",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундро",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "тундре",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "тундри",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундрама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тундром",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тундрама",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "ту̑ндра"
},
"expansion": "ту̑ндра f (Latin spelling tȗndra)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"тун‧дра"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ту̑ндра",
"10": "тундре",
"11": "тундри",
"12": "тундрама",
"13": "тундром",
"14": "тундрама",
"2": "тундре",
"3": "тундре",
"4": "ту̑ндра̄/ту̑ндрӣ",
"5": "тундри",
"6": "тундрама",
"7": "тундру",
"8": "тундре",
"9": "тундро"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Russian",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"tundra"
],
"links": [
[
"tundra",
"tundra"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tûːndra/"
}
],
"word": "тундра"
}
Download raw JSONL data for тундра meaning in All languages combined (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.