See твердь on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "твьрдь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "твьрдь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrdь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тврьдь",
"3": "",
"4": "citadel, base, firmament"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ, “citadel, base, firmament”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "твърд",
"3": "",
"4": "earth, sky, citadel, firmament"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian твърд (tvǎrd, “earth, sky, citadel, firmament”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ), from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdь. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ, “citadel, base, firmament”) and archaic Bulgarian твърд (tvǎrd, “earth, sky, citadel, firmament”). Compare also твёрдый (tvjórdyj, “hard, firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tverdʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдей",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдь",
"roman": "tvérdʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдей",
"roman": "tvérdej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдям",
"roman": "tvérdjam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдь",
"roman": "tvérdʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдью",
"roman": "tvérdʹju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдями",
"roman": "tvérdjami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдях",
"roman": "tvérdjax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "твердь • (tverdʹ) f inan (genitive тве́рди, nominative plural тве́рди, genitive plural тве́рдей)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dry land, earth"
],
"id": "en-твердь-ru-noun-LKO8ey0W",
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"qualifier": "stilted",
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, stilted) dry land, earth"
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "небе́сная твердь ― nebésnaja tverdʹ ― firmament",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firmament"
],
"id": "en-твердь-ru-noun-blLq-wSM",
"links": [
[
"firmament",
"firmament"
]
],
"qualifier": "stilted",
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, stilted) firmament"
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tvʲertʲ]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-твердь.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg"
}
],
"word": "твердь"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian 1-syllable words",
"Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form accent-a nouns",
"Russian 3rd-declension feminine-form nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian feminine nouns",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "твьрдь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "orv",
"3": "твьрдь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old East Slavic твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*tvьrdь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tvьrdь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "тврьдь",
"3": "",
"4": "citadel, base, firmament"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ, “citadel, base, firmament”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "твърд",
"3": "",
"4": "earth, sky, citadel, firmament"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian твърд (tvǎrd, “earth, sky, citadel, firmament”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old East Slavic твьрдь (tvĭrdĭ), from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdь. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тврьдь (tvrĭdĭ, “citadel, base, firmament”) and archaic Bulgarian твърд (tvǎrd, “earth, sky, citadel, firmament”). Compare also твёрдый (tvjórdyj, “hard, firm”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tverdʹ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдей",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдь",
"roman": "tvérdʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдей",
"roman": "tvérdej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдям",
"roman": "tvérdjam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдь",
"roman": "tvérdʹ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдью",
"roman": "tvérdʹju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдями",
"roman": "tvérdjami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рди",
"roman": "tvérdi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "тве́рдях",
"roman": "tvérdjax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "твердь • (tverdʹ) f inan (genitive тве́рди, nominative plural тве́рди, genitive plural тве́рдей)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"dry land, earth"
],
"links": [
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"qualifier": "stilted",
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, stilted) dry land, earth"
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Russian poetic terms",
"Russian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "небе́сная твердь ― nebésnaja tverdʹ ― firmament",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"firmament"
],
"links": [
[
"firmament",
"firmament"
]
],
"qualifier": "stilted",
"raw_glosses": [
"(poetic, stilted) firmament"
],
"tags": [
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tvʲertʲ]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-твердь.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8C.ogg"
}
],
"word": "твердь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for твердь meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.