"пугать" meaning in All languages combined

See пугать on Wiktionary

Verb [Russian]

IPA: [pʊˈɡatʲ] Audio: Ru-пугать.ogg
Etymology: From Proto-Slavic *puďati, dialectal пужа́ть (pužátʹ), cognate with Ukrainian пужати (pužaty), Belarusian пужаць (pužacʹ). Presence of evolution Proto-Slavic /ď/→Russian /г/ testifies to the borrowing from the Old Novgorodian or Old Pskovian dialects where this transition was regular, compare dialectal (Pskov) рога́ть (rogátʹ) 'give birth'. For further details see Proto-Slavic *pǫditi. Etymology templates: {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*puďati}} Proto-Slavic *puďati, {{cog|uk|пужати}} Ukrainian пужати (pužaty), {{cog|be|пужаць}} Belarusian пужаць (pužacʹ), {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*pǫditi}} Proto-Slavic *pǫditi Head templates: {{ru-verb|пуга́ть|impf|pf=испуга́ть|pf2=напуга́ть|pf3=пугну́ть|pf4=попуга́ть}} пуга́ть • (pugátʹ) impf (perfective испуга́ть or напуга́ть or пугну́ть or попуга́ть) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|impf|1a+p|пуга́ть}} Forms: пуга́ть [canonical], pugátʹ [romanization], испуга́ть [perfective], напуга́ть [perfective], пугну́ть [perfective], попуга́ть [perfective], imperfective transitive [table-tags], пуга́ть [imperfective, infinitive], пуга́ющий [active, participle, present], пуга́вший [active, participle, past], пуга́емый [participle, passive, present], пу́ганный [participle, passive, past], пуга́я [adverbial, participle, present], пуга́в [adverbial, participle, past], пуга́вши [adverbial, participle, past], пуга́ю [first-person, present, singular], бу́ду пуга́ть [first-person, future, singular], пуга́ешь [present, second-person, singular], бу́дешь пуга́ть [future, second-person, singular], пуга́ет [present, singular, third-person], бу́дет пуга́ть [future, singular, third-person], пуга́ем [first-person, plural, present], бу́дем пуга́ть [first-person, future, plural], пуга́ете [plural, present, second-person], бу́дете пуга́ть [future, plural, second-person], пуга́ют [plural, present, third-person], бу́дут пуга́ть [future, plural, third-person], пуга́й [imperative, singular], пуга́йте [imperative, plural], пуга́л [masculine, past, singular], пуга́ли [masculine, past, plural], пуга́ла [feminine, past, singular], пуга́ли [feminine, past, plural], пуга́ло [neuter, past, singular], пуга́ли [neuter, past, plural]
  1. to frighten suddenly, to startle
    Sense id: en-пугать-ru-verb-Q~7Q5gMR
  2. to worry, to make anxious Categories (topical): Fear
    Sense id: en-пугать-ru-verb-M5PA86oc Disambiguation of Fear: 26 45 30 0
  3. to warn, to caution, to alert
    Sense id: en-пугать-ru-verb-Hl4YjR-N Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 18 26 42 14 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 16 24 48 12 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 8 28 57 6
  4. to intimidate, to threaten, to browbeat
    Sense id: en-пугать-ru-verb-VJvmk-Dk
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: пуга́ч (pugáč), пу́гало (púgalo), испу́г (ispúg), пугли́вый (puglívyj), пужливой (pužlivoj)
Derived forms: пуга́ться (pugátʹsja) [imperfective], пугну́ть (pugnútʹ) [perfective], [пуга́ть impf] (pugátʹ), вспугну́ть (vspugnútʹ) [perfective], вспу́гивать (vspúgivatʹ) [imperfective], вы́пугнуть (výpugnutʹ) [perfective], выпу́гивать (vypúgivatʹ) [imperfective], запуга́ть (zapugátʹ) [perfective], запу́гивать (zapúgivatʹ) [imperfective], испуга́ть (ispugátʹ) [perfective], испуга́ться (ispugátʹsja) [perfective], напуга́ть (napugátʹ) [perfective], напуга́ться (napugátʹsja) [perfective], отпугну́ть (otpugnútʹ) [perfective], отпу́гивать (otpúgivatʹ) [imperfective], перепуга́ть (perepugátʹ) [perfective], перепуга́ться (perepugátʹsja) [perfective], подпугну́ть (podpugnútʹ) [perfective], подпу́гивать (podpúgivatʹ) [imperfective], попуга́ть (popugátʹ) [perfective], попу́гивать (popúgivatʹ) [imperfective], припугну́ть (pripugnútʹ) [perfective], припу́гивать (pripúgivatʹ) [imperfective], распуга́ть (raspugátʹ) [perfective], распугну́ть (raspugnútʹ) [perfective], распу́гивать (raspúgivatʹ) [imperfective], спугну́ть (spugnútʹ) [perfective], спу́гивать (spúgivatʹ) [imperfective], пуга́ние (pugánije), запу́гивание (zapúgivanije)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pugátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "пуга́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "пугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pugátʹ",
      "word": "[пуга́ть impf]"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "vspugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вспугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "vspúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "вспу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "výpugnutʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вы́пугнуть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "vypúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "выпу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "zapugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "запуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "zapúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "запу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ispugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "испуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ispugátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "испуга́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "napugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "напуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "napugátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "напуга́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "otpugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "отпугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "otpúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "отпу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "perepugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перепуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "perepugátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перепуга́ться"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "podpugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "подпугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "podpúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "подпу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "popugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "попуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "popúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "попу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pripugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "припугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pripúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "припу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "raspugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "распуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "raspugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "распугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "raspúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "распу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "spugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "спугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "spúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "спу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pugánije",
      "word": "пуга́ние"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "zapúgivanije",
      "word": "запу́гивание"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*puďati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *puďati",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "пужати"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian пужати (pužaty)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "пужаць"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian пужаць (pužacʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*pǫditi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pǫditi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *puďati, dialectal пужа́ть (pužátʹ), cognate with Ukrainian пужати (pužaty), Belarusian пужаць (pužacʹ). Presence of evolution Proto-Slavic /ď/→Russian /г/ testifies to the borrowing from the Old Novgorodian or Old Pskovian dialects where this transition was regular, compare dialectal (Pskov) рога́ть (rogátʹ) 'give birth'. For further details see Proto-Slavic *pǫditi.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "пуга́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "испуга́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "напуга́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пугну́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "попуга́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1a imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ть",
      "roman": "pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ющий",
      "roman": "pugájuščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́вший",
      "roman": "pugávšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́емый",
      "roman": "pugájemyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пу́ганный",
      "roman": "púgannyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́я",
      "roman": "pugája",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́в",
      "roman": "pugáv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́вши",
      "roman": "pugávši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ю",
      "roman": "pugáju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdu pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ешь",
      "roman": "pugáješʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ет",
      "roman": "pugájet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdet pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ем",
      "roman": "pugájem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdem pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ете",
      "roman": "pugájete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdete pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ют",
      "roman": "pugájut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdut pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́й",
      "roman": "pugáj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́йте",
      "roman": "pugájte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́л",
      "roman": "pugál",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ли",
      "roman": "pugáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ла",
      "roman": "pugála",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ли",
      "roman": "pugáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ло",
      "roman": "pugálo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ли",
      "roman": "pugáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "пуга́ть",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "испуга́ть",
        "pf2": "напуга́ть",
        "pf3": "пугну́ть",
        "pf4": "попуга́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "пуга́ть • (pugátʹ) impf (perfective испуга́ть or напуга́ть or пугну́ть or попуга́ть)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "1a+p",
        "3": "пуга́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pugáč",
      "word": "пуга́ч"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "púgalo",
      "word": "пу́гало"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "ispúg",
      "word": "испу́г"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "puglívyj",
      "word": "пугли́вый"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "pužlivoj",
      "word": "пужливой"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to frighten suddenly, to startle"
      ],
      "id": "en-пугать-ru-verb-Q~7Q5gMR",
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ],
        [
          "startle",
          "startle"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 45 30 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Fear",
          "orig": "ru:Fear",
          "parents": [
            "Emotions",
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to worry, to make anxious"
      ],
      "id": "en-пугать-ru-verb-M5PA86oc",
      "links": [
        [
          "worry",
          "worry"
        ],
        [
          "anxious",
          "anxious"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 26 42 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 24 48 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 28 57 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to warn, to caution, to alert"
      ],
      "id": "en-пугать-ru-verb-Hl4YjR-N",
      "links": [
        [
          "warn",
          "warn"
        ],
        [
          "caution",
          "caution"
        ],
        [
          "alert",
          "alert"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to intimidate, to threaten, to browbeat"
      ],
      "id": "en-пугать-ru-verb-VJvmk-Dk",
      "links": [
        [
          "intimidate",
          "intimidate"
        ],
        [
          "threaten",
          "threaten"
        ],
        [
          "browbeat",
          "browbeat"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pʊˈɡatʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-пугать.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "пугать"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 2-syllable words",
    "Russian class 1 verbs",
    "Russian class 1a verbs",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian imperfective verbs",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian transitive verbs",
    "Russian verbs",
    "ru:Fear"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "pugátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "пуга́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "пугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pugátʹ",
      "word": "[пуга́ть impf]"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vspugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вспугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vspúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "вспу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "výpugnutʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вы́пугнуть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vypúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "выпу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zapugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "запуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zapúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "запу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ispugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "испуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ispugátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "испуга́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "napugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "напуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "napugátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "напуга́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "otpugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "отпугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "otpúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "отпу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "perepugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перепуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "perepugátʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перепуга́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "podpugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "подпугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "podpúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "подпу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "popugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "попуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "popúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "попу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pripugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "припугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pripúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "припу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "raspugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "распуга́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "raspugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "распугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "raspúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "распу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "spugnútʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "спугну́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "spúgivatʹ",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "спу́гивать"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pugánije",
      "word": "пуга́ние"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zapúgivanije",
      "word": "запу́гивание"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*puďati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *puďati",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "пужати"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian пужати (pužaty)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "пужаць"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian пужаць (pužacʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*pǫditi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pǫditi",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *puďati, dialectal пужа́ть (pužátʹ), cognate with Ukrainian пужати (pužaty), Belarusian пужаць (pužacʹ). Presence of evolution Proto-Slavic /ď/→Russian /г/ testifies to the borrowing from the Old Novgorodian or Old Pskovian dialects where this transition was regular, compare dialectal (Pskov) рога́ть (rogátʹ) 'give birth'. For further details see Proto-Slavic *pǫditi.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "пуга́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pugátʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "испуга́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "напуга́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пугну́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "попуга́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1a imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ть",
      "roman": "pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ющий",
      "roman": "pugájuščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́вший",
      "roman": "pugávšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́емый",
      "roman": "pugájemyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пу́ганный",
      "roman": "púgannyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́я",
      "roman": "pugája",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́в",
      "roman": "pugáv",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́вши",
      "roman": "pugávši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ю",
      "roman": "pugáju",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdu pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ешь",
      "roman": "pugáješʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ет",
      "roman": "pugájet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdet pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ем",
      "roman": "pugájem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdem pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ете",
      "roman": "pugájete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdete pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ют",
      "roman": "pugájut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут пуга́ть",
      "roman": "búdut pugátʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́й",
      "roman": "pugáj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́йте",
      "roman": "pugájte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́л",
      "roman": "pugál",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ли",
      "roman": "pugáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ла",
      "roman": "pugála",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ли",
      "roman": "pugáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ло",
      "roman": "pugálo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "пуга́ли",
      "roman": "pugáli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "пуга́ть",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "испуга́ть",
        "pf2": "напуга́ть",
        "pf3": "пугну́ть",
        "pf4": "попуга́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "пуга́ть • (pugátʹ) impf (perfective испуга́ть or напуга́ть or пугну́ть or попуга́ть)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "1a+p",
        "3": "пуга́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "pugáč",
      "word": "пуга́ч"
    },
    {
      "roman": "púgalo",
      "word": "пу́гало"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ispúg",
      "word": "испу́г"
    },
    {
      "roman": "puglívyj",
      "word": "пугли́вый"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pužlivoj",
      "word": "пужливой"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to frighten suddenly, to startle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ],
        [
          "startle",
          "startle"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to worry, to make anxious"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "worry",
          "worry"
        ],
        [
          "anxious",
          "anxious"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to warn, to caution, to alert"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "warn",
          "warn"
        ],
        [
          "caution",
          "caution"
        ],
        [
          "alert",
          "alert"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to intimidate, to threaten, to browbeat"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "intimidate",
          "intimidate"
        ],
        [
          "threaten",
          "threaten"
        ],
        [
          "browbeat",
          "browbeat"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pʊˈɡatʲ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-пугать.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ru-%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "пугать"
}

Download raw JSONL data for пугать meaning in All languages combined (9.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.