See повинен on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "zle-ouk",
"3": "повиненъ, повыненъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Ukrainian повиненъ, повыненъ (povinen, povynen)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "zle-ouk",
"3": "повиненъ, повыненъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Ukrainian повиненъ, повыненъ (povinen, povynen)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "повиньнъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic повиньнъ (povinĭnŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powinien"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish powinien",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "по",
"3": "вина́",
"4": "-ен"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, по (po) + вина́ (vyná) + -ен (-en)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "паві́нен"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian паві́нен (pavínjen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powinien"
},
"expansion": "Polish powinien",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Ukrainian повиненъ, повыненъ (povinen, povynen), from Old East Slavic повиньнъ (povinĭnŭ), the sense \"obligated, ought\" may have been reinforced by Old Polish powinien, as it was uncommon in Old East Slavic. By surface analysis, по (po) + вина́ (vyná) + -ен (-en). Cognate with Belarusian паві́нен (pavínjen), Polish powinien.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "пови́нен",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "povýnen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "пови́нна",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "пови́нне",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "пови́нні",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "predicative",
"3": "feminine",
"4": "пови́нна",
"5": "neuter",
"6": "пови́нне",
"7": "plural",
"8": "пови́нні",
"head": "пови́нен"
},
"expansion": "пови́нен • (povýnen) (feminine пови́нна, neuter пови́нне, plural пови́нні)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "povýnnyj",
"word": "пови́нний"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "povýnnistʹ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пови́нність"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 34 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 16 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 17 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian predicatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ен",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"must (+ infinitive)"
],
"id": "en-повинен-uk-adj-kvEd4PMG",
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
]
],
"tags": [
"predicative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 34 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 16 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 17 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian predicatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ен",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"should, ought to (+ infinitive)"
],
"id": "en-повинен-uk-adj-KR86AuAe",
"links": [
[
"should",
"should"
],
[
"ought to",
"ought to"
]
],
"tags": [
"predicative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 34 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 16 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 17 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian predicatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ен",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"have to (+ infinitive)"
],
"id": "en-повинен-uk-adj-my56aYeO",
"links": [
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"tags": [
"predicative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 34 15 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 30 16 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 25 15 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 24 17 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian predicatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 15 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ен",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"owe, obligated, obliged, indebted (to somebody: + dative case)"
],
"id": "en-повинен-uk-adj-CMiaxrXV",
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"obligated",
"obligated"
],
[
"obliged",
"obliged"
],
[
"indebted",
"indebted"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) owe, obligated, obliged, indebted (to somebody: + dative case)"
],
"tags": [
"predicative",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɔˈʋɪnen]"
},
{
"audio": "Uk-повинен.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/Uk-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg/Uk-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Uk-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Old East Slavic"
],
"word": "повинен"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Ukrainian compound terms",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian predicatives",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ukrainian",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ukrainian",
"Ukrainian terms suffixed with -ен",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "zle-ouk",
"3": "повиненъ, повыненъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Ukrainian повиненъ, повыненъ (povinen, povynen)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "zle-ouk",
"3": "повиненъ, повыненъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Ukrainian повиненъ, повыненъ (povinen, povynen)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "orv",
"3": "повиньнъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic повиньнъ (povinĭnŭ)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "powinien"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish powinien",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "по",
"3": "вина́",
"4": "-ен"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, по (po) + вина́ (vyná) + -ен (-en)",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "паві́нен"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian паві́нен (pavínjen)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "powinien"
},
"expansion": "Polish powinien",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Ukrainian повиненъ, повыненъ (povinen, povynen), from Old East Slavic повиньнъ (povinĭnŭ), the sense \"obligated, ought\" may have been reinforced by Old Polish powinien, as it was uncommon in Old East Slavic. By surface analysis, по (po) + вина́ (vyná) + -ен (-en). Cognate with Belarusian паві́нен (pavínjen), Polish powinien.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "пови́нен",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "povýnen",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "пови́нна",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "пови́нне",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "пови́нні",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "predicative",
"3": "feminine",
"4": "пови́нна",
"5": "neuter",
"6": "пови́нне",
"7": "plural",
"8": "пови́нні",
"head": "пови́нен"
},
"expansion": "пови́нен • (povýnen) (feminine пови́нна, neuter пови́нне, plural пови́нні)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"roman": "povýnnyj",
"word": "пови́нний"
},
{
"roman": "povýnnistʹ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пови́нність"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"must (+ infinitive)"
],
"links": [
[
"must",
"must"
]
],
"tags": [
"predicative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"should, ought to (+ infinitive)"
],
"links": [
[
"should",
"should"
],
[
"ought to",
"ought to"
]
],
"tags": [
"predicative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"have to (+ infinitive)"
],
"links": [
[
"have to",
"have to"
]
],
"tags": [
"predicative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"owe, obligated, obliged, indebted (to somebody: + dative case)"
],
"links": [
[
"owe",
"owe"
],
[
"obligated",
"obligated"
],
[
"obliged",
"obliged"
],
[
"indebted",
"indebted"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) owe, obligated, obliged, indebted (to somebody: + dative case)"
],
"tags": [
"predicative",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pɔˈʋɪnen]"
},
{
"audio": "Uk-повинен.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/Uk-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg/Uk-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Uk-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Old East Slavic"
],
"word": "повинен"
}
Download raw JSONL data for повинен meaning in All languages combined (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.