"кувалда" meaning in All languages combined

See кувалда on Wiktionary

Noun [Russian]

IPA: [kʊˈvaɫdə]
Etymology: Inherited from Middle Russian кувалда (kuvalda), attested since 1655. In spite of phonetical and semantical differences, most likely with metathesis from Old Ruthenian кова́дло (kovádlo, “anvil”) (since 1635), whence also Ukrainian кова́дло (kovádlo), Belarusian кава́дла (kavádla) and, notably, Belarusian кува́дла (kuvádla), from Middle Polish kowadło (in modern sense since 16th c.), from Old Czech kovadlo (since 14th c.; whence Czech kovadlina), from kovat (“to forge”), from Proto-Slavic *kovati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-. Belarusian кува́лда (kuválda, “sledgehammer”) may either be a late Russian borrowing or a descendant of an unattested Old Ruthenian source. Historically also explained as a derivative of вали́ть (valítʹ, “to fell, to knock down”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ru|zle-mru|кувалда}} Middle Russian кувалда (kuvalda), {{glossary|metathesis}} metathesis, {{der|ru|zle-ort|кова́дло||anvil}} Old Ruthenian кова́дло (kovádlo, “anvil”), {{cog|uk|кова́дло}} Ukrainian кова́дло (kovádlo), {{cog|be|кава́дла}} Belarusian кава́дла (kavádla), {{cog|be|кува́дла}} Belarusian кува́дла (kuvádla), {{der|ru|zlw-mpl|kowadło}} Middle Polish kowadło, {{der|ru|zlw-ocs|kovadlo}} Old Czech kovadlo, {{cog|cs|kovadlina}} Czech kovadlina, {{der|ru|sla-pro|*kovati}} Proto-Slavic *kovati, {{der|ru|ine-pro|*kewh₂-}} Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-, {{cog|be|кува́лда||sledgehammer}} Belarusian кува́лда (kuválda, “sledgehammer”) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|кува́лда|adj=кува́лдовый|dim=кува́лдочка}} кува́лда • (kuválda) f inan (genitive кува́лды, nominative plural кува́лды, genitive plural кува́лд, relational adjective кува́лдовый, diminutive кува́лдочка) Forms: кува́лда [canonical], kuválda [romanization], кува́лды [genitive], кува́лды [nominative, plural], кува́лд [genitive, plural], кува́лдовый [adjective, relational], кува́лдочка [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], кува́лда [nominative, singular], кува́лды [nominative, plural], кува́лды [genitive, singular], кува́лд [genitive, plural], кува́лде [dative, singular], кува́лдам [dative, plural], кува́лду [accusative, singular], кува́лды [accusative, plural], кува́лдой [instrumental, singular], кува́лдою [instrumental, singular], кува́лдами [instrumental, plural], кува́лде [prepositional, singular], кува́лдах [plural, prepositional], no-table-tags [table-tags], кува́лда [dated, nominative, singular], кува́лды [dated, nominative, plural], кува́лды [dated, genitive, singular], кува́лдъ [dated, genitive, plural], кува́лдѣ [dated, dative, singular], кува́лдамъ [dated, dative, plural], кува́лду [accusative, dated, singular], кува́лды [accusative, dated, plural], кува́лдой [dated, instrumental, singular], кува́лдою [dated, instrumental, singular], кува́лдами [dated, instrumental, plural], кува́лдѣ [dated, prepositional, singular], кува́лдахъ [dated, plural, prepositional]
  1. sledgehammer (kind of hammer) Wikipedia link: ru:кувалда Categories (topical): Tools Synonyms: балда́ [dated] Derived forms: кува́лдить (kuválditʹ), кувалди́ровать (kuvaldírovatʹ)

Noun [Ukrainian]

IPA: [kʊˈʋaɫdɐ]
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian кува́лда (kuválda). Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|uk|ru|кува́лда|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Russian кува́лда (kuválda), {{bor+|uk|ru|кува́лда}} Borrowed from Russian кува́лда (kuválda) Head templates: {{uk-noun|кува́лда<>}} кува́лда • (kuválda) f inan (genitive кува́лди, nominative plural кува́лди, genitive plural кува́лд) Inflection templates: {{uk-ndecl|кува́лда<>}} Forms: кува́лда [canonical], kuválda [romanization], кува́лди [genitive], кува́лди [nominative, plural], кува́лд [genitive, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], кува́лда [nominative, singular], кува́лди [nominative, plural], кува́лди [genitive, singular], кува́лд [genitive, plural], кува́лді [dative, singular], кува́лдам [dative, plural], кува́лду [accusative, singular], кува́лди [accusative, plural], кува́лдою [instrumental, singular], кува́лдами [instrumental, plural], кува́лді [locative, singular], кува́лдах [locative, plural], кува́лдо [singular, vocative], кува́лди [plural, vocative]
  1. sledgehammer Wikipedia link: uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич Categories (topical): Tools
    Sense id: en-кувалда-uk-noun-PCK0bTSN Categories (other): Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header, Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a

Download JSON data for кувалда meaning in All languages combined (11.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "կվալդ",
            "bor": "on"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: կվալդ (kvald)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: կվալդ (kvald)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "кува́лда",
            "bor": "on"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Belarusian: кува́лда (kuválda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Belarusian: кува́лда (kuválda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "кува́лда",
            "bor": "on"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ukrainian: кува́лда (kuválda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ukrainian: кува́лда (kuválda)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zle-mru",
        "3": "кувалда"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Russian кувалда (kuvalda)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "metathesis"
      },
      "expansion": "metathesis",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "кова́дло",
        "4": "",
        "5": "anvil"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Ruthenian кова́дло (kovádlo, “anvil”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "кова́дло"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian кова́дло (kovádlo)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "кава́дла"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian кава́дла (kavádla)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "кува́дла"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian кува́дла (kuvádla)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zlw-mpl",
        "3": "kowadło"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Polish kowadło",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "kovadlo"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Czech kovadlo",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "kovadlina"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech kovadlina",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kovati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kovati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kewh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "кува́лда",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sledgehammer"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian кува́лда (kuválda, “sledgehammer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Russian кувалда (kuvalda), attested since 1655.\nIn spite of phonetical and semantical differences, most likely with metathesis from Old Ruthenian кова́дло (kovádlo, “anvil”) (since 1635), whence also Ukrainian кова́дло (kovádlo), Belarusian кава́дла (kavádla) and, notably, Belarusian кува́дла (kuvádla), from Middle Polish kowadło (in modern sense since 16th c.), from Old Czech kovadlo (since 14th c.; whence Czech kovadlina), from kovat (“to forge”), from Proto-Slavic *kovati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-. Belarusian кува́лда (kuválda, “sledgehammer”) may either be a late Russian borrowing or a descendant of an unattested Old Ruthenian source.\nHistorically also explained as a derivative of вали́ть (valítʹ, “to fell, to knock down”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuválda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лд",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдовый",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдочка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "roman": "kuválda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лд",
      "roman": "kuváld",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лде",
      "roman": "kuválde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдам",
      "roman": "kuváldam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лду",
      "roman": "kuváldu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдой",
      "roman": "kuváldoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдою",
      "roman": "kuváldoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдами",
      "roman": "kuváldami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лде",
      "roman": "kuválde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдах",
      "roman": "kuváldax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "roman": "kuválda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдъ",
      "roman": "kuváld",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдѣ",
      "roman": "kuváldě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдамъ",
      "roman": "kuváldam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лду",
      "roman": "kuváldu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдой",
      "roman": "kuváldoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдою",
      "roman": "kuváldoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдами",
      "roman": "kuváldami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдѣ",
      "roman": "kuváldě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдахъ",
      "roman": "kuváldax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кува́лда",
        "adj": "кува́лдовый",
        "dim": "кува́лдочка"
      },
      "expansion": "кува́лда • (kuválda) f inan (genitive кува́лды, nominative plural кува́лды, genitive plural кува́лд, relational adjective кува́лдовый, diminutive кува́лдочка)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "ru:Tools",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kuválditʹ",
          "word": "кува́лдить"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kuvaldírovatʹ",
          "word": "кувалди́ровать"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sledgehammer (kind of hammer)"
      ],
      "id": "en-кувалда-ru-noun--K~VUDT7",
      "links": [
        [
          "sledgehammer",
          "sledgehammer"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "dated"
          ],
          "word": "балда́"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "ru:кувалда"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʊˈvaɫdə]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кувалда"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "кува́лда",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Russian кува́лда (kuválda)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "кува́лда"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Russian кува́лда (kuválda)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian кува́лда (kuválda).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuválda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лд",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "roman": "kuválda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лд",
      "roman": "kuváld",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лді",
      "roman": "kuváldi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдам",
      "roman": "kuváldam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лду",
      "roman": "kuváldu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдою",
      "roman": "kuváldoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдами",
      "roman": "kuváldamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лді",
      "roman": "kuváldi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдах",
      "roman": "kuváldax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдо",
      "roman": "kuváldo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кува́лда<>"
      },
      "expansion": "кува́лда • (kuválda) f inan (genitive кува́лди, nominative plural кува́лди, genitive plural кува́лд)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кува́лда<>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "uk",
          "name": "Tools",
          "orig": "uk:Tools",
          "parents": [
            "Technology",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sledgehammer"
      ],
      "id": "en-кувалда-uk-noun-PCK0bTSN",
      "links": [
        [
          "sledgehammer",
          "sledgehammer"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʊˈʋaɫdɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кувалда"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kuválditʹ",
      "word": "кува́лдить"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kuvaldírovatʹ",
      "word": "кувалди́ровать"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "կվալդ",
            "bor": "on"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Armenian: կվալդ (kvald)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Armenian: կվալդ (kvald)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "кува́лда",
            "bor": "on"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Belarusian: кува́лда (kuválda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Belarusian: кува́лда (kuválda)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "кува́лда",
            "bor": "on"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ukrainian: кува́лда (kuválda)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ukrainian: кува́лда (kuválda)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zle-mru",
        "3": "кувалда"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Russian кувалда (kuvalda)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "metathesis"
      },
      "expansion": "metathesis",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "кова́дло",
        "4": "",
        "5": "anvil"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Ruthenian кова́дло (kovádlo, “anvil”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "кова́дло"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian кова́дло (kovádlo)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "кава́дла"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian кава́дла (kavádla)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "кува́дла"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian кува́дла (kuvádla)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zlw-mpl",
        "3": "kowadło"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Polish kowadło",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "zlw-ocs",
        "3": "kovadlo"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Czech kovadlo",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "kovadlina"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech kovadlina",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kovati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kovati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kewh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "кува́лда",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sledgehammer"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian кува́лда (kuválda, “sledgehammer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle Russian кувалда (kuvalda), attested since 1655.\nIn spite of phonetical and semantical differences, most likely with metathesis from Old Ruthenian кова́дло (kovádlo, “anvil”) (since 1635), whence also Ukrainian кова́дло (kovádlo), Belarusian кава́дла (kavádla) and, notably, Belarusian кува́дла (kuvádla), from Middle Polish kowadło (in modern sense since 16th c.), from Old Czech kovadlo (since 14th c.; whence Czech kovadlina), from kovat (“to forge”), from Proto-Slavic *kovati, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂-. Belarusian кува́лда (kuválda, “sledgehammer”) may either be a late Russian borrowing or a descendant of an unattested Old Ruthenian source.\nHistorically also explained as a derivative of вали́ть (valítʹ, “to fell, to knock down”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuválda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лд",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдовый",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдочка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "roman": "kuválda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лд",
      "roman": "kuváld",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лде",
      "roman": "kuválde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдам",
      "roman": "kuváldam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лду",
      "roman": "kuváldu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдой",
      "roman": "kuváldoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдою",
      "roman": "kuváldoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдами",
      "roman": "kuváldami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лде",
      "roman": "kuválde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдах",
      "roman": "kuváldax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "roman": "kuválda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдъ",
      "roman": "kuváld",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдѣ",
      "roman": "kuváldě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдамъ",
      "roman": "kuváldam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лду",
      "roman": "kuváldu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лды",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдой",
      "roman": "kuváldoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдою",
      "roman": "kuváldoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдами",
      "roman": "kuváldami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдѣ",
      "roman": "kuváldě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдахъ",
      "roman": "kuváldax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кува́лда",
        "adj": "кува́лдовый",
        "dim": "кува́лдочка"
      },
      "expansion": "кува́лда • (kuválda) f inan (genitive кува́лды, nominative plural кува́лды, genitive plural кува́лд, relational adjective кува́лдовый, diminutive кува́лдочка)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian 3-syllable words",
        "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Russian feminine nouns",
        "Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
        "Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns",
        "Russian inanimate nouns",
        "Russian lemmas",
        "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Russian nouns",
        "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
        "Russian terms derived from Middle Polish",
        "Russian terms derived from Middle Russian",
        "Russian terms derived from Old Czech",
        "Russian terms derived from Old Ruthenian",
        "Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Russian terms inherited from Middle Russian",
        "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "ru:Tools"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sledgehammer (kind of hammer)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sledgehammer",
          "sledgehammer"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "dated"
          ],
          "word": "балда́"
        }
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "ru:кувалда"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʊˈvaɫdə]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кувалда"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "кува́лда",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Russian кува́лда (kuválda)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "кува́лда"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Russian кува́лда (kuválda)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian кува́лда (kuválda).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kuválda",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лд",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лда",
      "roman": "kuválda",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лд",
      "roman": "kuváld",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лді",
      "roman": "kuváldi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдам",
      "roman": "kuváldam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лду",
      "roman": "kuváldu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдою",
      "roman": "kuváldoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдами",
      "roman": "kuváldamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лді",
      "roman": "kuváldi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдах",
      "roman": "kuváldax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лдо",
      "roman": "kuváldo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кува́лди",
      "roman": "kuváldy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кува́лда<>"
      },
      "expansion": "кува́лда • (kuválda) f inan (genitive кува́лди, nominative plural кува́лди, genitive plural кува́лд)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кува́лда<>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ukrainian feminine nouns",
        "Ukrainian hard feminine-form accent-a nouns",
        "Ukrainian hard feminine-form nouns",
        "Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
        "Ukrainian lemmas",
        "Ukrainian nouns",
        "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
        "Ukrainian terms borrowed from Russian",
        "Ukrainian terms derived from Russian",
        "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "uk:Tools"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sledgehammer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sledgehammer",
          "sledgehammer"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʊˈʋaɫdɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кувалда"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.