"кипятить" meaning in All languages combined

See кипятить on Wiktionary

Verb [Russian]

IPA: [kʲɪpʲɪˈtʲitʲ]
Etymology: Derived from the same root as кипе́ть (kipétʹ, “to boil”), from Proto-Slavic *kypě̀ti, from Proto-Indo-European *kwep-, whence English covet and hope. Etymology templates: {{der|ru|sla-pro|*kypě̀ti}} Proto-Slavic *kypě̀ti, {{der|ru|ine-pro|*kwep-}} Proto-Indo-European *kwep- Head templates: {{ru-verb|кипяти́ть|impf|pf=вскипяти́ть}} кипяти́ть • (kipjatítʹ) impf (perfective вскипяти́ть) Inflection templates: {{ru-conj|impf|4b+p|кипяти́ть}} Forms: кипяти́ть [canonical], kipjatítʹ [romanization], вскипяти́ть [perfective], imperfective transitive [table-tags], кипяти́ть [imperfective, infinitive], кипятя́щий [active, participle, present], кипяти́вший [active, participle, past], кипяти́мый [participle, passive, present], кипячённый [participle, passive, past], кипятя́ [adverbial, participle, present], кипяти́в [adverbial, participle, past], кипяти́вши [adverbial, participle, past], кипячу́ [first-person, present, singular], бу́ду кипяти́ть [first-person, future, singular], кипяти́шь [present, second-person, singular], бу́дешь кипяти́ть [future, second-person, singular], кипяти́т [present, singular, third-person], бу́дет кипяти́ть [future, singular, third-person], кипяти́м [first-person, plural, present], бу́дем кипяти́ть [first-person, future, plural], кипяти́те [plural, present, second-person], бу́дете кипяти́ть [future, plural, second-person], кипятя́т [plural, present, third-person], бу́дут кипяти́ть [future, plural, third-person], кипяти́ [imperative, singular], кипяти́те [imperative, plural], кипяти́л [masculine, past, singular], кипяти́ли [masculine, past, plural], кипяти́ла [feminine, past, singular], кипяти́ли [feminine, past, plural], кипяти́ло [neuter, past, singular], кипяти́ли [neuter, past, plural]
  1. to boil Related terms: кипято́к (kipjatók), кипе́ть (kipétʹ), кипе́ние (kipénije), кипу́чий (kipúčij), кипу́честь (kipúčestʹ)
    Sense id: en-кипятить-ru-verb-yG~NxbN7 Categories (other): Russian entries with incorrect language header Derived forms: кипяти́ться (kipjatítʹsja) [imperfective], вскипяти́ть (vskipjatítʹ) [perfective], вскипяти́ться (vskipjatítʹsja) [perfective], вы́кипятить (výkipjatitʹ) [perfective], вы́кипятиться (výkipjatitʹsja) [perfective], закипяти́ться (zakipjatítʹsja) [perfective], накипяти́ть (nakipjatítʹ) [perfective], накипяти́ться (nakipjatítʹsja) [perfective], перекипяти́ть (perekipjatítʹ) [perfective], подкипяти́ть (podkipjatítʹ) [perfective], покипяти́ть (pokipjatítʹ) [perfective], покипяти́ться (pokipjatítʹsja) [perfective], прокипяти́ть (prokipjatítʹ) [perfective], раскипяти́ться (raskipjatítʹsja) [perfective], кипячёный (kipjačónyj), кипяче́ние (kipjačénije)

Download JSON data for кипятить meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kypě̀ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kypě̀ti",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kwep-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kwep-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived from the same root as кипе́ть (kipétʹ, “to boil”), from Proto-Slavic *kypě̀ti, from Proto-Indo-European *kwep-, whence English covet and hope.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kipjatítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вскипяти́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4b imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипятя́щий",
      "roman": "kipjatjáščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́вший",
      "roman": "kipjatívšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́мый",
      "roman": "kipjatímyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипячённый",
      "roman": "kipjačónnyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипятя́",
      "roman": "kipjatjá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́в",
      "roman": "kipjatív",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́вши",
      "roman": "kipjatívši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипячу́",
      "roman": "kipjačú",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdu kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́шь",
      "roman": "kipjatíšʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́т",
      "roman": "kipjatít",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdet kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́м",
      "roman": "kipjatím",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdem kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́те",
      "roman": "kipjatíte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdete kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипятя́т",
      "roman": "kipjatját",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdut kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́",
      "roman": "kipjatí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́те",
      "roman": "kipjatíte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́л",
      "roman": "kipjatíl",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ли",
      "roman": "kipjatíli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ла",
      "roman": "kipjatíla",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ли",
      "roman": "kipjatíli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ло",
      "roman": "kipjatílo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ли",
      "roman": "kipjatíli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кипяти́ть",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "вскипяти́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "кипяти́ть • (kipjatítʹ) impf (perfective вскипяти́ть)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "4b+p",
        "3": "кипяти́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "kipjatítʹsja",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "кипяти́ться"
        },
        {
          "roman": "vskipjatítʹ",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "вскипяти́ть"
        },
        {
          "roman": "vskipjatítʹsja",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "вскипяти́ться"
        },
        {
          "roman": "výkipjatitʹ",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "вы́кипятить"
        },
        {
          "roman": "výkipjatitʹsja",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "вы́кипятиться"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zakipjatítʹsja",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "закипяти́ться"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nakipjatítʹ",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "накипяти́ть"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nakipjatítʹsja",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "накипяти́ться"
        },
        {
          "roman": "perekipjatítʹ",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "перекипяти́ть"
        },
        {
          "roman": "podkipjatítʹ",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "подкипяти́ть"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pokipjatítʹ",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "покипяти́ть"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pokipjatítʹsja",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "покипяти́ться"
        },
        {
          "roman": "prokipjatítʹ",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "прокипяти́ть"
        },
        {
          "roman": "raskipjatítʹsja",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "раскипяти́ться"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kipjačónyj",
          "word": "кипячёный"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kipjačénije",
          "word": "кипяче́ние"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to simmer",
          "roman": "kipjatítʹ na médlennom ogné",
          "text": "кипяти́ть на ме́дленном огне́",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to boil"
      ],
      "id": "en-кипятить-ru-verb-yG~NxbN7",
      "links": [
        [
          "boil",
          "boil"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "kipjatók",
          "word": "кипято́к"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kipétʹ",
          "word": "кипе́ть"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kipénije",
          "word": "кипе́ние"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kipúčij",
          "word": "кипу́чий"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kipúčestʹ",
          "word": "кипу́честь"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲɪpʲɪˈtʲitʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кипятить"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "kipjatítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "кипяти́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vskipjatítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вскипяти́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vskipjatítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вскипяти́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "výkipjatitʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вы́кипятить"
    },
    {
      "roman": "výkipjatitʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вы́кипятиться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zakipjatítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "закипяти́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nakipjatítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "накипяти́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nakipjatítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "накипяти́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "perekipjatítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "перекипяти́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "podkipjatítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "подкипяти́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pokipjatítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "покипяти́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pokipjatítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "покипяти́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "prokipjatítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "прокипяти́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "raskipjatítʹsja",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "раскипяти́ться"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kipjačónyj",
      "word": "кипячёный"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kipjačénije",
      "word": "кипяче́ние"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*kypě̀ti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kypě̀ti",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kwep-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kwep-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived from the same root as кипе́ть (kipétʹ, “to boil”), from Proto-Slavic *kypě̀ti, from Proto-Indo-European *kwep-, whence English covet and hope.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ть",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kipjatítʹ",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "вскипяти́ть",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4b imperfective transitive",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипятя́щий",
      "roman": "kipjatjáščij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́вший",
      "roman": "kipjatívšij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́мый",
      "roman": "kipjatímyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипячённый",
      "roman": "kipjačónnyj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипятя́",
      "roman": "kipjatjá",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́в",
      "roman": "kipjatív",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́вши",
      "roman": "kipjatívši",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипячу́",
      "roman": "kipjačú",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́ду кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdu kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́шь",
      "roman": "kipjatíšʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дешь кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdešʹ kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́т",
      "roman": "kipjatít",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дет кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdet kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́м",
      "roman": "kipjatím",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дем кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdem kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́те",
      "roman": "kipjatíte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дете кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdete kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипятя́т",
      "roman": "kipjatját",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бу́дут кипяти́ть",
      "roman": "búdut kipjatítʹ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́",
      "roman": "kipjatí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́те",
      "roman": "kipjatíte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́л",
      "roman": "kipjatíl",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ли",
      "roman": "kipjatíli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ла",
      "roman": "kipjatíla",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ли",
      "roman": "kipjatíli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ло",
      "roman": "kipjatílo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "кипяти́ли",
      "roman": "kipjatíli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "кипяти́ть",
        "2": "impf",
        "pf": "вскипяти́ть"
      },
      "expansion": "кипяти́ть • (kipjatítʹ) impf (perfective вскипяти́ть)",
      "name": "ru-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impf",
        "2": "4b+p",
        "3": "кипяти́ть"
      },
      "name": "ru-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "kipjatók",
      "word": "кипято́к"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kipétʹ",
      "word": "кипе́ть"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kipénije",
      "word": "кипе́ние"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kipúčij",
      "word": "кипу́чий"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kipúčestʹ",
      "word": "кипу́честь"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian 3-syllable words",
        "Russian class 4 verbs",
        "Russian class 4b verbs",
        "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Russian imperfective verbs",
        "Russian lemmas",
        "Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Russian terms with usage examples",
        "Russian transitive verbs",
        "Russian verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to simmer",
          "roman": "kipjatítʹ na médlennom ogné",
          "text": "кипяти́ть на ме́дленном огне́",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to boil"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "boil",
          "boil"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[kʲɪpʲɪˈtʲitʲ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "кипятить"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.