"бумага" meaning in All languages combined

See бумага on Wiktionary

Noun [Russian]

IPA: [bʊˈmaɡə] Audio: Ru-бумага.ogg
Etymology: Uncertain. Vasmer hypothesizes the existence of an earlier form, Old East Slavic *бубага (*bubaga), from which бума́га (bumága) formed through dissimilation, or perhaps a back-formation from бума́жный (bumážnyj). Believed to be ultimately from Middle Persian pmbk' (“cotton”) through the intermediary of some Mediterranean term for cotton wool and/or cloth (most probably Italian bambagia), since the first attestations of the root in the 15th and 16th centuries are mostly with a now obsolete sense, the only remnant of which in modern active vocabulary is хлопчатобума́жный (xlopčatobumážnyj, “made from cotton”). Paper was first imported into Russia from Italian states and the Byzantine Empire in the 14th century. Etymology templates: {{unc|ru}} Uncertain, {{inh|ru|orv|*бубага}} Old East Slavic *бубага (*bubaga), {{m|ru|бума́га}} бума́га (bumága), {{back-formation|ru|бума́жный|nocap=1}} back-formation from бума́жный (bumážnyj), {{der|ru|pal|pmbk'|t=cotton}} Middle Persian pmbk' (“cotton”), {{der|ru|it|bambagia}} Italian bambagia, {{l|ru|хлопчатобума́жный|t=made from cotton}} хлопчатобума́жный (xlopčatobumážnyj, “made from cotton”) Head templates: {{ru-noun+|бума́га|adj=бума́жный|dim=бума́жка}} бума́га • (bumága) f inan (genitive бума́ги, nominative plural бума́ги, genitive plural бума́г, relational adjective бума́жный, diminutive бума́жка) Forms: бума́га [canonical], bumága [romanization], бума́ги [genitive], бума́ги [nominative, plural], бума́г [genitive, plural], бума́жный [adjective, relational], бума́жка [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], бума́га [nominative, singular], бума́ги [nominative, plural], бума́ги [genitive, singular], бума́г [genitive, plural], бума́ге [dative, singular], бума́гам [dative, plural], бума́гу [accusative, singular], бума́ги [accusative, plural], бума́гой [instrumental, singular], бума́гою [instrumental, singular], бума́гами [instrumental, plural], бума́ге [prepositional, singular], бума́гах [plural, prepositional], no-table-tags [table-tags], бума́га [dated, nominative, singular], бума́ги [dated, nominative, plural], бума́ги [dated, genitive, singular], бума́гъ [dated, genitive, plural], бума́гѣ [dated, dative, singular], бума́гамъ [dated, dative, plural], бума́гу [accusative, dated, singular], бума́ги [accusative, dated, plural], бума́гой [dated, instrumental, singular], бума́гою [dated, instrumental, singular], бума́гами [dated, instrumental, plural], бума́гѣ [dated, prepositional, singular], бума́гахъ [dated, plural, prepositional]
  1. paper
    Sense id: en-бумага-ru-noun-OCY1yTJb
  2. document
    Sense id: en-бумага-ru-noun-Q8wj-lK4
  3. (obsolete) cotton wool Tags: obsolete Categories (topical): Fibers, Paper
    Sense id: en-бумага-ru-noun-BmX4kRH4 Disambiguation of Fibers: 1 5 87 7 Disambiguation of Paper: 32 3 60 5 Categories (other): Russian back-formations, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian links with redundant wikilinks, Russian nouns with accent pattern a Disambiguation of Russian back-formations: 15 17 53 15 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 2 28 65 5 Disambiguation of Russian links with redundant wikilinks: 2 21 72 4 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 14 29 42 14
  4. (rare, slang) hundred-ruble banknote Tags: rare, slang
    Sense id: en-бумага-ru-noun-cvD73YIv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: фотобума́га (fotobumága), туале́тная бума́га (tualétnaja bumága), хлопча́тая бума́га (xlopčátaja bumága)

Noun [Ukrainian]

IPA: [bʊˈmaɦɐ]
Etymology: Borrowed from Russian бума́га (bumága) Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|uk|ru|бума́га|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Russian бума́га (bumága), {{bor+|uk|ru|бума́га}} Borrowed from Russian бума́га (bumága) Head templates: {{uk-noun|бума́га<>|dim=бума́жка}} бума́га • (bumáha) f inan (genitive бума́ги, nominative plural бума́ги, genitive plural бума́г, diminutive бума́жка) Inflection templates: {{uk-ndecl|бума́га<>}} Forms: бума́га [canonical], bumáha [romanization], бума́ги [genitive], бума́ги [nominative, plural], бума́г [genitive, plural], бума́жка [diminutive], no-table-tags [table-tags], бума́га [nominative, singular], бума́ги [nominative, plural], бума́ги [genitive, singular], бума́г [genitive, plural], бума́зі [dative, singular], бума́гам [dative, plural], бума́гу [accusative, singular], бума́ги [accusative, plural], бума́гою [instrumental, singular], бума́гами [instrumental, plural], бума́зі [locative, singular], бума́гах [locative, plural], бума́го [singular, vocative], бума́ги [plural, vocative]
  1. (rare, colloquial) document Tags: colloquial, rare Derived forms: бума́жник (bumážnyk)
    Sense id: en-бумага-uk-noun-Q8wj-lK4 Categories (other): Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header, Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a

Download JSON data for бумага meaning in All languages combined (12.2kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "fotobumága",
      "word": "фотобума́га"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "tualétnaja bumága",
      "word": "туале́тная бума́га"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "xlopčátaja bumága",
      "word": "хлопча́тая бума́га"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "bumaga",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: bumaga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: bumaga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sjd",
            "2": "пымме",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: пымме (pymm’e)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kildin Sami: пымме (pymm’e)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "*бубага"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic *бубага (*bubaga)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бума́га"
      },
      "expansion": "бума́га (bumága)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бума́жный",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation from бума́жный (bumážnyj)",
      "name": "back-formation"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "pmbk'",
        "t": "cotton"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian pmbk' (“cotton”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "bambagia"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian bambagia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "хлопчатобума́жный",
        "t": "made from cotton"
      },
      "expansion": "хлопчатобума́жный (xlopčatobumážnyj, “made from cotton”)",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Vasmer hypothesizes the existence of an earlier form, Old East Slavic *бубага (*bubaga), from which бума́га (bumága) formed through dissimilation, or perhaps a back-formation from бума́жный (bumážnyj). Believed to be ultimately from Middle Persian pmbk' (“cotton”) through the intermediary of some Mediterranean term for cotton wool and/or cloth (most probably Italian bambagia), since the first attestations of the root in the 15th and 16th centuries are mostly with a now obsolete sense, the only remnant of which in modern active vocabulary is хлопчатобума́жный (xlopčatobumážnyj, “made from cotton”). Paper was first imported into Russia from Italian states and the Byzantine Empire in the 14th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bumága",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́г",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́жный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́жка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "roman": "bumága",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́г",
      "roman": "bumág",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ге",
      "roman": "bumáge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гам",
      "roman": "bumágam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гу",
      "roman": "bumágu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гой",
      "roman": "bumágoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гою",
      "roman": "bumágoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гами",
      "roman": "bumágami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ге",
      "roman": "bumáge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гах",
      "roman": "bumágax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "roman": "bumága",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гъ",
      "roman": "bumág",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гѣ",
      "roman": "bumágě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гамъ",
      "roman": "bumágam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гу",
      "roman": "bumágu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гой",
      "roman": "bumágoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гою",
      "roman": "bumágoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гами",
      "roman": "bumágami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гѣ",
      "roman": "bumágě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гахъ",
      "roman": "bumágax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "бума́га",
        "adj": "бума́жный",
        "dim": "бума́жка"
      },
      "expansion": "бума́га • (bumága) f inan (genitive бума́ги, nominative plural бума́ги, genitive plural бума́г, relational adjective бума́жный, diminutive бума́жка)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "paper"
      ],
      "id": "en-бумага-ru-noun-OCY1yTJb",
      "links": [
        [
          "paper",
          "paper"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "document"
      ],
      "id": "en-бумага-ru-noun-Q8wj-lK4",
      "links": [
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 17 53 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian back-formations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 28 65 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 21 72 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 29 42 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 5 87 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Fibers",
          "orig": "ru:Fibers",
          "parents": [
            "Materials",
            "Manufacturing",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 3 60 5",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ru",
          "name": "Paper",
          "orig": "ru:Paper",
          "parents": [
            "Materials",
            "Manufacturing",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cotton wool"
      ],
      "id": "en-бумага-ru-noun-BmX4kRH4",
      "links": [
        [
          "cotton wool",
          "cotton wool"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) cotton wool"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "hundred-ruble banknote"
      ],
      "id": "en-бумага-ru-noun-cvD73YIv",
      "links": [
        [
          "hundred",
          "hundred"
        ],
        [
          "ruble",
          "ruble"
        ],
        [
          "banknote",
          "banknote"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, slang) hundred-ruble banknote"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bʊˈmaɡə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-бумага.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Max Vasmer"
  ],
  "word": "бумага"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "бума́га",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Russian бума́га (bumága)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "бума́га"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Russian бума́га (bumága)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian бума́га (bumága)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bumáha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́г",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́жка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "roman": "bumáha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumáhy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumáhy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́г",
      "roman": "bumáh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́зі",
      "roman": "bumázi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гам",
      "roman": "bumáham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гу",
      "roman": "bumáhu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumáhy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гою",
      "roman": "bumáhoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гами",
      "roman": "bumáhamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́зі",
      "roman": "bumázi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гах",
      "roman": "bumáhax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́го",
      "roman": "bumáho",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumáhy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "бума́га<>",
        "dim": "бума́жка"
      },
      "expansion": "бума́га • (bumáha) f inan (genitive бума́ги, nominative plural бума́ги, genitive plural бума́г, diminutive бума́жка)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "бума́га<>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "bumážnyk",
          "word": "бума́жник"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "document"
      ],
      "id": "en-бумага-uk-noun-Q8wj-lK4",
      "links": [
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, colloquial) document"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bʊˈmaɦɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "бумага"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Russian 3-syllable words",
    "Russian back-formations",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian feminine nouns",
    "Russian inanimate nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Russian nouns",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian terms derived from Italian",
    "Russian terms derived from Middle Persian",
    "Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Russian terms with audio links",
    "Russian terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Russian velar-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian velar-stem feminine-form nouns",
    "ru:Fibers",
    "ru:Paper"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "fotobumága",
      "word": "фотобума́га"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tualétnaja bumága",
      "word": "туале́тная бума́га"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xlopčátaja bumága",
      "word": "хлопча́тая бума́га"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "bumaga",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ingrian: bumaga",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ingrian: bumaga"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sjd",
            "2": "пымме",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: пымме (pymm’e)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Kildin Sami: пымме (pymm’e)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "*бубага"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic *бубага (*bubaga)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бума́га"
      },
      "expansion": "бума́га (bumága)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "бума́жный",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "back-formation from бума́жный (bumážnyj)",
      "name": "back-formation"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "pal",
        "3": "pmbk'",
        "t": "cotton"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Persian pmbk' (“cotton”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "it",
        "3": "bambagia"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian bambagia",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "хлопчатобума́жный",
        "t": "made from cotton"
      },
      "expansion": "хлопчатобума́жный (xlopčatobumážnyj, “made from cotton”)",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Vasmer hypothesizes the existence of an earlier form, Old East Slavic *бубага (*bubaga), from which бума́га (bumága) formed through dissimilation, or perhaps a back-formation from бума́жный (bumážnyj). Believed to be ultimately from Middle Persian pmbk' (“cotton”) through the intermediary of some Mediterranean term for cotton wool and/or cloth (most probably Italian bambagia), since the first attestations of the root in the 15th and 16th centuries are mostly with a now obsolete sense, the only remnant of which in modern active vocabulary is хлопчатобума́жный (xlopčatobumážnyj, “made from cotton”). Paper was first imported into Russia from Italian states and the Byzantine Empire in the 14th century.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bumága",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́г",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́жный",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "relational"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́жка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "roman": "bumága",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́г",
      "roman": "bumág",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ге",
      "roman": "bumáge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гам",
      "roman": "bumágam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гу",
      "roman": "bumágu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гой",
      "roman": "bumágoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гою",
      "roman": "bumágoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гами",
      "roman": "bumágami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ге",
      "roman": "bumáge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гах",
      "roman": "bumágax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "velar-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "roman": "bumága",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гъ",
      "roman": "bumág",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гѣ",
      "roman": "bumágě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гамъ",
      "roman": "bumágam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гу",
      "roman": "bumágu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumági",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dated",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гой",
      "roman": "bumágoj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гою",
      "roman": "bumágoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гами",
      "roman": "bumágami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гѣ",
      "roman": "bumágě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гахъ",
      "roman": "bumágax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "бума́га",
        "adj": "бума́жный",
        "dim": "бума́жка"
      },
      "expansion": "бума́га • (bumága) f inan (genitive бума́ги, nominative plural бума́ги, genitive plural бума́г, relational adjective бума́жный, diminutive бума́жка)",
      "name": "ru-noun+"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "paper"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "paper",
          "paper"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "document"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cotton wool"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cotton wool",
          "cotton wool"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) cotton wool"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Russian slang",
        "Russian terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hundred-ruble banknote"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hundred",
          "hundred"
        ],
        [
          "ruble",
          "ruble"
        ],
        [
          "banknote",
          "banknote"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, slang) hundred-ruble banknote"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bʊˈmaɡə]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Ru-бумага.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.ogg/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Ru-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Max Vasmer"
  ],
  "word": "бумага"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "bumážnyk",
      "word": "бума́жник"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "бума́га",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Russian бума́га (bumága)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ru",
        "3": "бума́га"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Russian бума́га (bumága)",
      "name": "bor+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian бума́га (bumága)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bumáha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́г",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́жка",
      "tags": [
        "diminutive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uk-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́га",
      "roman": "bumáha",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumáhy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumáhy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́г",
      "roman": "bumáh",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́зі",
      "roman": "bumázi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гам",
      "roman": "bumáham",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гу",
      "roman": "bumáhu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumáhy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гою",
      "roman": "bumáhoju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гами",
      "roman": "bumáhamy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́зі",
      "roman": "bumázi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́гах",
      "roman": "bumáhax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́го",
      "roman": "bumáho",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "бума́ги",
      "roman": "bumáhy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "бума́га<>",
        "dim": "бума́жка"
      },
      "expansion": "бума́га • (bumáha) f inan (genitive бума́ги, nominative plural бума́ги, genitive plural бума́г, diminutive бума́жка)",
      "name": "uk-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "бума́га<>"
      },
      "name": "uk-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Ukrainian colloquialisms",
        "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Ukrainian feminine nouns",
        "Ukrainian hard feminine-form accent-a nouns",
        "Ukrainian hard feminine-form nouns",
        "Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
        "Ukrainian lemmas",
        "Ukrainian nouns",
        "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
        "Ukrainian terms borrowed from Russian",
        "Ukrainian terms derived from Russian",
        "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Ukrainian terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "document"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "document",
          "document"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, colloquial) document"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[bʊˈmaɦɐ]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "бумага"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.