See Пинега on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "Пинега",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old East Slavic: Пинега (Pinega)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old East Slavic: Пинега (Pinega)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Пи́нега"
},
"expansion": "Russian: Пи́нега (Pínega)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: Пи́нега (Pínega)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1120‒1150"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1120‒1150",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "urj-fin"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Finnic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*peeni",
"t": "little, small"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *peeni (“little, small”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "unknown origin"
},
"expansion": "unknown origin",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*juka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *juka",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*joke",
"t": "river"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *joke (“river”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "small river"
},
"expansion": "“small river”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "small river"
},
"expansion": "Literally, “small river”",
"name": "lit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "Пинега"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic Пинега (Pinega)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Пи́нега"
},
"expansion": "Russian Пи́нега (Pínega)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in c. 1120‒1150. From early *Пиньига (*Pinĭiga), from *Pinьjьga < *Pӗnьjьga < *Pēni-juga. Borrowed from Finnic languages, ultimately from Proto-Finnic *peeni (“little, small”) of unknown origin + *juka (“small river; waterfall”), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *juka, a variant of Proto-Uralic *joke (“river”). Literally, “small river”. Compare Old East Slavic Пинега (Pinega), Russian Пи́нега (Pínega).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Pinega",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "proper noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Пинега • (Pinega) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Пи",
"не",
"га"
]
}
],
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Novgorodian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "On Pinega (river), 3 thousand.",
"ref": "c. 1120 – 1150, Wooden cylinder seal no. 11, Novgorod (Troitsky excavation)",
"text": "(в)[ъ] Пинеꙁѣ г҃ тꙑсѧче\n(v)[ŭ] Pinezě g: tysęće"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pinega (a river and city in the Novgorod Republic, Kievan Rus) (one of the northernmost extreme border points of Kievan Rus)"
],
"id": "en-Пинега-zle-ono-name-fOTV18Ge",
"links": [
[
"Pinega",
"Pinega#English"
],
[
"river",
"river"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Novgorod Republic",
"Novgorod Republic#English"
],
[
"Kievan Rus",
"Kievan Rus#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Eugene Helimski"
]
}
],
"word": "Пинега"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "Пинега",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old East Slavic: Пинега (Pinega)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old East Slavic: Пинега (Pinega)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Пи́нега"
},
"expansion": "Russian: Пи́нега (Pínega)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: Пи́нега (Pínega)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "1120‒1150"
},
"expansion": "First attested in c. 1120‒1150",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "urj-fin"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Finnic",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*peeni",
"t": "little, small"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *peeni (“little, small”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "unknown origin"
},
"expansion": "unknown origin",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*juka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *juka",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*joke",
"t": "river"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *joke (“river”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "small river"
},
"expansion": "“small river”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "small river"
},
"expansion": "Literally, “small river”",
"name": "lit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "Пинега"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic Пинега (Pinega)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "Пи́нега"
},
"expansion": "Russian Пи́нега (Pínega)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in c. 1120‒1150. From early *Пиньига (*Pinĭiga), from *Pinьjьga < *Pӗnьjьga < *Pēni-juga. Borrowed from Finnic languages, ultimately from Proto-Finnic *peeni (“little, small”) of unknown origin + *juka (“small river; waterfall”), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *juka, a variant of Proto-Uralic *joke (“river”). Literally, “small river”. Compare Old East Slavic Пинега (Pinega), Russian Пи́нега (Pínega).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Pinega",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "proper noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Пинега • (Pinega) f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"Пи",
"не",
"га"
]
}
],
"lang": "Old Novgorodian",
"lang_code": "zle-ono",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Novgorodian entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Novgorodian feminine nouns",
"Old Novgorodian lemmas",
"Old Novgorodian proper nouns",
"Old Novgorodian terms borrowed from Finnic languages",
"Old Novgorodian terms derived from Finnic languages",
"Old Novgorodian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Old Novgorodian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Old Novgorodian terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Old Novgorodian terms with quotations",
"Old Novgorodian terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"zle-ono:Cities",
"zle-ono:Rivers"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "On Pinega (river), 3 thousand.",
"ref": "c. 1120 – 1150, Wooden cylinder seal no. 11, Novgorod (Troitsky excavation)",
"text": "(в)[ъ] Пинеꙁѣ г҃ тꙑсѧче\n(v)[ŭ] Pinezě g: tysęće"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pinega (a river and city in the Novgorod Republic, Kievan Rus) (one of the northernmost extreme border points of Kievan Rus)"
],
"links": [
[
"Pinega",
"Pinega#English"
],
[
"river",
"river"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Novgorod Republic",
"Novgorod Republic#English"
],
[
"Kievan Rus",
"Kievan Rus#English"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Eugene Helimski"
]
}
],
"word": "Пинега"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Пинега meaning in All languages combined (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (99a4ed9 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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