See φάρμακον on Wiktionary
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{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakáō", "word": "φαρμακάω" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakeía", "word": "φαρμακεία" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakeús", "word": "φαρμακεύς" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakeutikós", "word": "φαρμακευτικός" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakeúō", "word": "φαρμακεύω" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmákion", "word": "φαρμάκιον" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakís", "word": "φαρμακίς" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakothḗkē", "word": "φαρμακοθήκη" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakoposía", "word": "φαρμακοποσία" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakopṓlēs", "word": "φαρμακοπώλης" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakós", "word": "φαρμακός" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakotríbēs", "word": "φαρμακοτρίβης" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakophóros", "word": "φαρμακοφόρος" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakóō", "word": "φαρμακόω" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmakṓdēs", "word": "φαρμακώδης" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "phármaxis", "word": "φάρμαξις" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "pharmássō", "word": "φαρμάσσω" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "roman": "tetraphármakon", "word": "τετραφάρμακον" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "el", "2": "φάρμακο" }, "expansion": "Greek: φάρμακο (fármako)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Greek: φάρμακο (fármako)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "pharmacum", "bor": "yes" }, "expansion": "→ Latin: pharmacum", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Latin: pharmacum" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc", "title": "Unclear" }, "expansion": "Unclear", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "grk-pro", "3": "*pʰármakon" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *pʰármakon", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "gmy", "2": "𐀞𐀔𐀒", "ts": "pʰármakon" }, "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀔𐀒 (pa-ma-ko /pʰármakon/)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "φαρ-" }, "expansion": "φαρ-", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "φάρος", "3": "", "4": "plough" }, "expansion": "φάρος (pháros, “plough”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "φάρυγξ", "3": "", "4": "throat" }, "expansion": "φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰer-", "4": "", "5": "to cut, pierce, scrape" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to cut, pierce, scrape”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*burōną", "3": "", "4": "to drill" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to drill”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*bazją", "3": "", "4": "berry" }, "expansion": "*bazją (“berry”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "feriō", "3": "", "4": "hit, cut, slay, strike" }, "expansion": "Latin feriō (“hit, cut, slay, strike”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "burt", "3": "", "4": "to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic" }, "expansion": "Latvian burt (“to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "qsb-grc" }, "expansion": "Pre-Greek", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "Unclear etymology, but most likely derived from Proto-Hellenic *pʰármakon. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀔𐀒 (pa-ma-ko /pʰármakon/).\nPokorny (1959) connects it to the Greek root φαρ- as in φάρος (pháros, “plough”) and φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”), from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to cut, pierce, scrape”), i.e., a medicinal herb or root as something cut off or dug up, cognate with Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to drill”) – result of a conflation with *bazją (“berry”) – and Latin feriō (“hit, cut, slay, strike”). Compare furthermore Latvian burt (“to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic”).\nA Pre-Greek etymology has been proposed by R. S. P. Beekes.", "forms": [ { "form": "φάρμᾰκον", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "phármakon", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "φαρμᾰ́κου", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-2", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Second declension", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "τὸ φάρμᾰκον", "roman": "tò phármakon", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω", "roman": "tṑ pharmákō", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ", "roman": "tà phármaka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ φαρμᾰ́κου", "roman": "toû pharmákou", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν", "roman": "toîn pharmákoin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "τῶν φαρμᾰ́κων", "roman": "tôn pharmákōn", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ φαρμᾰ́κῳ", "roman": "tôi pharmákōi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν", "roman": "toîn pharmákoin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς φαρμᾰ́κοις", "roman": "toîs pharmákois", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸ φάρμᾰκον", "roman": "tò phármakon", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω", "roman": "tṑ pharmákō", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ", "roman": "tà phármaka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "φάρμᾰκον", "roman": "phármakon", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "φαρμᾰ́κω", "roman": "pharmákō", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "φάρμᾰκᾰ", "roman": "phármaka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "φαρμᾰ́κου", "2": "n", "3": "second", "head": "φάρμᾰκον" }, "expansion": "φάρμᾰκον • (phármakon) n (genitive φαρμᾰ́κου); second declension", "name": "grc-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "φάρμᾰκον", "2": "ου" }, "name": "grc-decl" } ], "lang": "Ancient Greek", "lang_code": "grc", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "33 15 29 13 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "26 19 29 19 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes", "parents": [ "Terms with redundant script codes", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A drug, whether healing or noxious" ], "id": "en-φάρμακον-grc-noun-v6RcKJ1t", "links": [ [ "drug", "drug" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "33 15 29 13 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "26 19 29 19 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes", "parents": [ "Terms with redundant script codes", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "14 44 27 11 5", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "grc", "name": "Drugs", "orig": "grc:Drugs", "parents": [ "Matter", "Pharmacology", "Chemistry", "Nature", "Biochemistry", "Medicine", "Sciences", "All topics", "Biology", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "but for the soul's illnesses and sufferings, the only remedy is philosophy. (@perseus.tuftus.edu)", "ref": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia", "roman": "tôn dè tês psukhês arrhōstēmátōn kaì pathôn hē philosophía mónē phármakón esti.", "text": "τῶν δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀρρωστημάτων καὶ παθῶν ἡ φιλοσοφία μόνη φάρμακόν ἐστι." } ], "glosses": [ "A healing drug, medicine, remedy" ], "id": "en-φάρμακον-grc-noun-PyRNQGXV" }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "33 15 29 13 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "22 20 31 20 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek entries with topic categories using raw markup", "parents": [ "Entries with topic categories using raw markup", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "16 19 36 17 12", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the second declension", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 20 30 21 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "parents": [ "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "26 19 29 19 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes", "parents": [ "Terms with redundant script codes", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A potion, charm, spell" ], "id": "en-φάρμακον-grc-noun-BB26WSRx" }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "33 15 29 13 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "26 19 29 19 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes", "parents": [ "Terms with redundant script codes", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A deadly drug, poison" ], "id": "en-φάρμακον-grc-noun-Iyv-qzF0" }, { "glosses": [ "A dye, color" ], "id": "en-φάρμακον-grc-noun-a5P8mQBT" } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pʰár.ma.kon/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈɸar.ma.kon/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈfar.ma.kon/" }, { "ipa": "/pʰár.ma.kon/", "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic" }, { "ipa": "/ˈpʰar.ma.kon/", "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian" }, { "ipa": "/ˈɸar.ma.kon/", "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈfar.ma.kon/", "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈfar.ma.kon/", "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan" } ], "word": "φάρμακον" }
{ "categories": [ "Ancient Greek 3-syllable words", "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header", "Ancient Greek entries with topic categories using raw markup", "Ancient Greek lemmas", "Ancient Greek neuter nouns", "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the second declension", "Ancient Greek nouns", "Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms", "Ancient Greek second-declension nouns", "Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate", "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic", "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate", "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic", "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation", "Ancient Greek terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys", "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes", "Ancient Greek terms with unknown etymologies", "grc:Drugs" ], "derived": [ { "roman": "pharmakáō", "word": "φαρμακάω" }, { "roman": "pharmakeía", "word": "φαρμακεία" }, { "roman": "pharmakeús", "word": "φαρμακεύς" }, { "roman": "pharmakeutikós", "word": "φαρμακευτικός" }, { "roman": "pharmakeúō", "word": "φαρμακεύω" }, { "roman": "pharmákion", "word": "φαρμάκιον" }, { "roman": "pharmakís", "word": "φαρμακίς" }, { "roman": "pharmakothḗkē", "word": "φαρμακοθήκη" }, { "roman": "pharmakoposía", "word": "φαρμακοποσία" }, { "roman": "pharmakopṓlēs", "word": "φαρμακοπώλης" }, { "roman": "pharmakós", "word": "φαρμακός" }, { "roman": "pharmakotríbēs", "word": "φαρμακοτρίβης" }, { "roman": "pharmakophóros", "word": "φαρμακοφόρος" }, { "roman": "pharmakóō", "word": "φαρμακόω" }, { "roman": "pharmakṓdēs", "word": "φαρμακώδης" }, { "roman": "phármaxis", "word": "φάρμαξις" }, { "roman": "pharmássō", "word": "φαρμάσσω" }, { "roman": "tetraphármakon", "word": "τετραφάρμακον" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "el", "2": "φάρμακο" }, "expansion": "Greek: φάρμακο (fármako)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Greek: φάρμακο (fármako)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "pharmacum", "bor": "yes" }, "expansion": "→ Latin: pharmacum", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "→ Latin: pharmacum" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc", "title": "Unclear" }, "expansion": "Unclear", "name": "unk" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "grk-pro", "3": "*pʰármakon" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *pʰármakon", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "gmy", "2": "𐀞𐀔𐀒", "ts": "pʰármakon" }, "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀔𐀒 (pa-ma-ko /pʰármakon/)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "φαρ-" }, "expansion": "φαρ-", "name": "lang" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "φάρος", "3": "", "4": "plough" }, "expansion": "φάρος (pháros, “plough”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "φάρυγξ", "3": "", "4": "throat" }, "expansion": "φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰer-", "4": "", "5": "to cut, pierce, scrape" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to cut, pierce, scrape”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*burōną", "3": "", "4": "to drill" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to drill”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*bazją", "3": "", "4": "berry" }, "expansion": "*bazją (“berry”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "feriō", "3": "", "4": "hit, cut, slay, strike" }, "expansion": "Latin feriō (“hit, cut, slay, strike”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "burt", "3": "", "4": "to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic" }, "expansion": "Latvian burt (“to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic”)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "qsb-grc" }, "expansion": "Pre-Greek", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "Unclear etymology, but most likely derived from Proto-Hellenic *pʰármakon. Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀔𐀒 (pa-ma-ko /pʰármakon/).\nPokorny (1959) connects it to the Greek root φαρ- as in φάρος (pháros, “plough”) and φάρυγξ (phárunx, “throat”), from a Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to cut, pierce, scrape”), i.e., a medicinal herb or root as something cut off or dug up, cognate with Proto-Germanic *burōną (“to drill”) – result of a conflation with *bazją (“berry”) – and Latin feriō (“hit, cut, slay, strike”). Compare furthermore Latvian burt (“to carve (marks, on a tree), to conjure magic”).\nA Pre-Greek etymology has been proposed by R. S. P. Beekes.", "forms": [ { "form": "φάρμᾰκον", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "phármakon", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "φαρμᾰ́κου", "tags": [ "genitive" ] }, { "form": "Attic declension-2", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "grc-decl", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "Second declension", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "τὸ φάρμᾰκον", "roman": "tò phármakon", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω", "roman": "tṑ pharmákō", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ", "roman": "tà phármaka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τοῦ φαρμᾰ́κου", "roman": "toû pharmákou", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν", "roman": "toîn pharmákoin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "τῶν φαρμᾰ́κων", "roman": "tôn pharmákōn", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τῷ φαρμᾰ́κῳ", "roman": "tôi pharmákōi", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τοῖν φαρμᾰ́κοιν", "roman": "toîn pharmákoin", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τοῖς φαρμᾰ́κοις", "roman": "toîs pharmákois", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "τὸ φάρμᾰκον", "roman": "tò phármakon", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "τὼ φαρμᾰ́κω", "roman": "tṑ pharmákō", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "τᾰ̀ φάρμᾰκᾰ", "roman": "tà phármaka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "φάρμᾰκον", "roman": "phármakon", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "φαρμᾰ́κω", "roman": "pharmákō", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "φάρμᾰκᾰ", "roman": "phármaka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "φαρμᾰ́κου", "2": "n", "3": "second", "head": "φάρμᾰκον" }, "expansion": "φάρμᾰκον • (phármakon) n (genitive φαρμᾰ́κου); second declension", "name": "grc-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "φάρμᾰκον", "2": "ου" }, "name": "grc-decl" } ], "lang": "Ancient Greek", "lang_code": "grc", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "A drug, whether healing or noxious" ], "links": [ [ "drug", "drug" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Ancient Greek terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "english": "but for the soul's illnesses and sufferings, the only remedy is philosophy. (@perseus.tuftus.edu)", "ref": "46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia", "roman": "tôn dè tês psukhês arrhōstēmátōn kaì pathôn hē philosophía mónē phármakón esti.", "text": "τῶν δὲ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀρρωστημάτων καὶ παθῶν ἡ φιλοσοφία μόνη φάρμακόν ἐστι." } ], "glosses": [ "A healing drug, medicine, remedy" ] }, { "glosses": [ "A potion, charm, spell" ] }, { "glosses": [ "A deadly drug, poison" ] }, { "glosses": [ "A dye, color" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/pʰár.ma.kon/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈɸar.ma.kon/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈfar.ma.kon/" }, { "ipa": "/pʰár.ma.kon/", "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic" }, { "ipa": "/ˈpʰar.ma.kon/", "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian" }, { "ipa": "/ˈɸar.ma.kon/", "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈfar.ma.kon/", "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine" }, { "ipa": "/ˈfar.ma.kon/", "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan" } ], "word": "φάρμακον" }
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