"σῆμα" meaning in All languages combined

See σῆμα on Wiktionary

Noun [Ancient Greek]

IPA: /sɛ̂ː.ma/, /ˈsi.ma/, /ˈsi.ma/, /sɛ̂ː.ma/ (note: 5ᵗʰ BCE Attic), /ˈse̝.ma/ (note: 1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian), /ˈsi.ma/ (note: 4ᵗʰ CE Koine), /ˈsi.ma/ (note: 10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine), /ˈsi.ma/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan)
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyéh₂mn̥, from *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”), ध्यान (dhyāna, “meditation”). Etymology templates: {{inh|grc|ine-pro|*dʰyéh₂mn̥}} Proto-Indo-European *dʰyéh₂mn̥, {{m|ine-pro|*dʰyeh₂-||to notice}} *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”), {{cog|sa|ध्यायति||think of, imagine}} Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”), {{m|sa|ध्यान||meditation}} ध्यान (dhyāna, “meditation”) Head templates: {{grc-noun|σῆμᾰ|σήμᾰτος|n|third}} σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension Inflection templates: {{grc-decl|σῆμᾰ|σήμᾰτος}} Forms: σῆμᾰ [canonical], sêma [romanization], σήμᾰτος [genitive], Attic declension-3 [table-tags], τὸ σῆμᾰ [nominative, singular], τὼ σήμᾰτε [dual, nominative], τᾰ̀ σήμᾰτᾰ [nominative, plural], τοῦ σήμᾰτος [genitive, singular], τοῖν σημᾰ́τοιν [dual, genitive], τῶν σημᾰ́των [genitive, plural], τῷ σήμᾰτῐ [dative, singular], τοῖν σημᾰ́τοιν [dative, dual], τοῖς σήμᾰσῐ [dative, plural], σήμᾰσῐν [dative, plural], toîs sḗmasi [dative, plural], toîs sḗmasin [dative, plural], τὸ σῆμᾰ [accusative, singular], τὼ σήμᾰτε [accusative, dual], τᾰ̀ σήμᾰτᾰ [accusative, plural], σῆμᾰ [singular, vocative], σήμᾰτε [dual, vocative], σήμᾰτᾰ [plural, vocative]
  1. mark, sign, token
    a sign from the gods, an omen, portent
    Sense id: en-σῆμα-grc-noun-YXxHBknm
  2. mark, sign, token
    a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner
    Sense id: en-σῆμα-grc-noun--fACHwmk
  3. mark, sign, token
    the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow
    Sense id: en-σῆμα-grc-noun-eC5KLvmv Categories (other): Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header, Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension, Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header: 14 19 29 11 14 7 7 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension: 15 19 24 12 15 7 7 Disambiguation of Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes: 14 18 34 9 13 6 6
  4. mark, sign, token
    a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin
    Sense id: en-σῆμα-grc-noun-Kv1Bv8Ey
  5. mark, sign, token
    a token by which one's identity or commission was certified
    Sense id: en-σῆμα-grc-noun-VshvtS1z
  6. mark, sign, token
    a constellation
    Sense id: en-σῆμα-grc-noun-zGu~D3Y0
  7. mark, sign, token
    Sense id: en-σῆμα-grc-noun-pRQ-YssI
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: σᾶμᾰ (sâma) [Doric], σῆμ’ (sêm’) [apocopic] Derived forms: σημαίνω (sēmaínō), σημεῖον (sēmeîon)

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for σῆμα meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "sēmaínō",
      "word": "σημαίνω"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "sēmeîon",
      "word": "σημεῖον"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰyéh₂mn̥"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰyéh₂mn̥",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰyeh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to notice"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ध्यायति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "think of, imagine"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ध्यान",
        "3": "",
        "4": "meditation"
      },
      "expansion": "ध्यान (dhyāna, “meditation”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyéh₂mn̥, from *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”), ध्यान (dhyāna, “meditation”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "σῆμᾰ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sêma",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σήμᾰτος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ σῆμᾰ",
      "roman": "tò sêma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σήμᾰτε",
      "roman": "tṑ sḗmate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ σήμᾰτᾰ",
      "roman": "tà sḗmata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ σήμᾰτος",
      "roman": "toû sḗmatos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σημᾰ́τοιν",
      "roman": "toîn sēmátoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν σημᾰ́των",
      "roman": "tôn sēmátōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ σήμᾰτῐ",
      "roman": "tôi sḗmati",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σημᾰ́τοιν",
      "roman": "toîn sēmátoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς σήμᾰσῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σήμᾰσῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs sḗmasi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs sḗmasin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ σῆμᾰ",
      "roman": "tò sêma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σήμᾰτε",
      "roman": "tṑ sḗmate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ σήμᾰτᾰ",
      "roman": "tà sḗmata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σῆμᾰ",
      "roman": "sêma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σήμᾰτε",
      "roman": "sḗmate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σήμᾰτᾰ",
      "roman": "sḗmata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σῆμᾰ",
        "2": "σήμᾰτος",
        "3": "n",
        "4": "third"
      },
      "expansion": "σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σῆμᾰ",
        "2": "σήμᾰτος"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.353"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.171"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.244"
        },
        {
          "text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.355"
        },
        {
          "text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 498, (compare The Libation Bearers 259)"
        },
        {
          "text": "497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 379"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.111"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a sign from the gods, an omen, portent"
      ],
      "id": "en-σῆμα-grc-noun-YXxHBknm",
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "omen",
          "omen"
        ],
        [
          "portent",
          "portent"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.231"
        },
        {
          "text": "750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 448"
        },
        {
          "text": "c. 440 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 12"
        },
        {
          "text": "408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1377"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner"
      ],
      "id": "en-σῆμα-grc-noun--fACHwmk",
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "watchword",
          "watchword"
        ],
        [
          "signal",
          "signal"
        ],
        [
          "banner",
          "banner"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 19 29 11 14 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 19 24 12 15 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 18 34 9 13 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.814"
        },
        {
          "text": "750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 477"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.222"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.75"
        },
        {
          "text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.30"
        },
        {
          "text": "460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.93"
        },
        {
          "text": "460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.72"
        },
        {
          "text": "460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.34"
        },
        {
          "text": "411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 886–888"
        },
        {
          "text": "380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 493A"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow"
      ],
      "id": "en-σῆμα-grc-noun-eC5KLvmv",
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "mound",
          "mound"
        ],
        [
          "cairn",
          "cairn"
        ],
        [
          "barrow",
          "barrow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.843"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.192"
        },
        {
          "text": "Dion., P. 18"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin"
      ],
      "id": "en-σῆμα-grc-noun-Kv1Bv8Ey",
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "quoit",
          "quoit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.176–178"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.189"
        },
        {
          "text": "467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 387"
        },
        {
          "text": "467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 404"
        },
        {
          "text": "458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 456"
        },
        {
          "text": "497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 614"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a token by which one's identity or commission was certified"
      ],
      "id": "en-σῆμα-grc-noun-VshvtS1z",
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 1273"
        },
        {
          "text": "497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 379"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a constellation"
      ],
      "id": "en-σῆμα-grc-noun-zGu~D3Y0",
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "constellation",
          "constellation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.466"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.326"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.250"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.455"
        },
        {
          "text": "638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, Collected Works 25.4"
        },
        {
          "text": "680 BCE – 645 BCE, Archilochus, 49"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token"
      ],
      "id": "en-σῆμα-grc-noun-pRQ-YssI",
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɛ̂ː.ma/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɛ̂ː.ma/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈse̝.ma/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "sâma",
      "tags": [
        "Doric"
      ],
      "word": "σᾶμᾰ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "sêm’",
      "tags": [
        "apocopic"
      ],
      "word": "σῆμ’"
    }
  ],
  "word": "σῆμα"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Ancient Greek 2-syllable words",
    "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ancient Greek lemmas",
    "Ancient Greek neuter nouns",
    "Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension",
    "Ancient Greek nouns",
    "Ancient Greek properispomenon terms",
    "Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Ancient Greek terms with redundant script codes",
    "Ancient Greek third-declension nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "sēmaínō",
      "word": "σημαίνω"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sēmeîon",
      "word": "σημεῖον"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰyéh₂mn̥"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰyéh₂mn̥",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*dʰyeh₂-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to notice"
      },
      "expansion": "*dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ध्यायति",
        "3": "",
        "4": "think of, imagine"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ध्यान",
        "3": "",
        "4": "meditation"
      },
      "expansion": "ध्यान (dhyāna, “meditation”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyéh₂mn̥, from *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”), ध्यान (dhyāna, “meditation”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "σῆμᾰ",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sêma",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σήμᾰτος",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Attic declension-3",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grc-decl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Third declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ σῆμᾰ",
      "roman": "tò sêma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σήμᾰτε",
      "roman": "tṑ sḗmate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ σήμᾰτᾰ",
      "roman": "tà sḗmata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῦ σήμᾰτος",
      "roman": "toû sḗmatos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σημᾰ́τοιν",
      "roman": "toîn sēmátoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῶν σημᾰ́των",
      "roman": "tôn sēmátōn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τῷ σήμᾰτῐ",
      "roman": "tôi sḗmati",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖν σημᾰ́τοιν",
      "roman": "toîn sēmátoin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τοῖς σήμᾰσῐ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σήμᾰσῐν",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs sḗmasi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toîs sḗmasin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὸ σῆμᾰ",
      "roman": "tò sêma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τὼ σήμᾰτε",
      "roman": "tṑ sḗmate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "τᾰ̀ σήμᾰτᾰ",
      "roman": "tà sḗmata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σῆμᾰ",
      "roman": "sêma",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σήμᾰτε",
      "roman": "sḗmate",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "σήμᾰτᾰ",
      "roman": "sḗmata",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σῆμᾰ",
        "2": "σήμᾰτος",
        "3": "n",
        "4": "third"
      },
      "expansion": "σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension",
      "name": "grc-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "σῆμᾰ",
        "2": "σήμᾰτος"
      },
      "name": "grc-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ancient Greek",
  "lang_code": "grc",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.353"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.171"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.244"
        },
        {
          "text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.355"
        },
        {
          "text": "525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 498, (compare The Libation Bearers 259)"
        },
        {
          "text": "497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 379"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.111"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a sign from the gods, an omen, portent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "omen",
          "omen"
        ],
        [
          "portent",
          "portent"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.231"
        },
        {
          "text": "750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 448"
        },
        {
          "text": "c. 440 BCE, Euripides, Rhesus 12"
        },
        {
          "text": "408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1377"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "watchword",
          "watchword"
        ],
        [
          "signal",
          "signal"
        ],
        [
          "banner",
          "banner"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.814"
        },
        {
          "text": "750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 477"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.222"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.75"
        },
        {
          "text": "522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.30"
        },
        {
          "text": "460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.93"
        },
        {
          "text": "460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.72"
        },
        {
          "text": "460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.34"
        },
        {
          "text": "411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 886–888"
        },
        {
          "text": "380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 493A"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "mound",
          "mound"
        ],
        [
          "cairn",
          "cairn"
        ],
        [
          "barrow",
          "barrow"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.843"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.192"
        },
        {
          "text": "Dion., P. 18"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "quoit",
          "quoit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.176–178"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.189"
        },
        {
          "text": "467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 387"
        },
        {
          "text": "467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 404"
        },
        {
          "text": "458 BCE, Euripides, Electra 456"
        },
        {
          "text": "497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 614"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a token by which one's identity or commission was certified"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 1273"
        },
        {
          "text": "497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Fragments 379"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token",
        "a constellation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ],
        [
          "constellation",
          "constellation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.466"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.326"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.250"
        },
        {
          "text": "800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.455"
        },
        {
          "text": "638 BCE – 558 BCE, Solon, Collected Works 25.4"
        },
        {
          "text": "680 BCE – 645 BCE, Archilochus, 49"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mark, sign, token"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mark",
          "mark"
        ],
        [
          "sign",
          "sign"
        ],
        [
          "token",
          "token"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sɛ̂ː.ma/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/sɛ̂ː.ma/",
      "note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈse̝.ma/",
      "note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/",
      "note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsi.ma/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "sâma",
      "tags": [
        "Doric"
      ],
      "word": "σᾶμᾰ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sêm’",
      "tags": [
        "apocopic"
      ],
      "word": "σῆμ’"
    }
  ],
  "word": "σῆμα"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.