See πρός on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*próti, *préti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्रति",
"tr": "práti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit प्रति (práti)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pretium"
},
"expansion": "Latin pretium",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"1": "cu",
"2": "противъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"3": "",
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"name": "alter"
},
{
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"4": "dor"
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"name": "alter"
},
{
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"2": "πός",
"3": "",
"4": "ark"
},
"expansion": "πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot",
"name": "alter"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti. Cognates include Sanskrit प्रति (práti), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ). May be related to πρό (pró, “before”).\nEquivalent prepositions in use for πρός (prós) from another root are ποτί (potí) — Epic, Doric, ποί (poí) — Doric, πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot.\nThe genitive is an innovated Greek associative. The dative is from the PIE locative. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, with some of the metaphorical uses like παρά (pará).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "πρός • (prós)",
"name": "grc-adverb"
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],
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"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"besides, over and above, thereto, in addition"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-adv-9OT~6Po4",
"links": [
[
"besides",
"besides"
],
[
"over and above",
"over and above"
],
[
"thereto",
"thereto"
],
[
"in addition",
"in addition"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/prós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "protí",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "προτί"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "portí",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "πορτί"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "prés",
"tags": [
"Aeolic"
],
"word": "πρές"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pérti",
"word": "πέρτι — Pamphylian"
}
],
"word": "πρός"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "προς"
},
"expansion": "Greek: προς (pros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: προς (pros)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
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"expansion": "",
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{
"args": {
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
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"2": "pretium"
},
"expansion": "Latin pretium",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "противъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"name": "alter"
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"4": "dor"
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"name": "alter"
},
{
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"3": "",
"4": "ark"
},
"expansion": "πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot",
"name": "alter"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti. Cognates include Sanskrit प्रति (práti), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ). May be related to πρό (pró, “before”).\nEquivalent prepositions in use for πρός (prós) from another root are ποτί (potí) — Epic, Doric, ποί (poí) — Doric, πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot.\nThe genitive is an innovated Greek associative. The dative is from the PIE locative. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, with some of the metaphorical uses like παρά (pará).",
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"tags": [
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"2": "dat",
"3": "acc"
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"name": "grc-preposition"
}
],
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"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"from, on the side of, towards, pertaining to, at the hand of, by",
"before, in presence of, in the eyes of, in the sight of, in the name of"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-30b5Xu4g",
"info_templates": [
{
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"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
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},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
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"side"
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"to",
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],
[
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],
[
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"toward"
],
[
"towards",
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[
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],
[
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],
[
"by",
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],
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
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"presence"
],
[
"in the eyes of",
"in the eyes of"
],
[
"sight",
"sight"
],
[
"in the name of",
"in the name of"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"from, on the side of, towards, pertaining to, at the hand of, by [with genitive]",
"(mostly in religious formulas) before, in presence of, in the eyes of, in the sight of, in the name of"
],
"raw_tags": [
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],
"tags": [
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"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"from, on the side of, towards, pertaining to, at the hand of, by",
"agreeable to, becoming, like"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-RXRvwR4n",
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{
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[
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[
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],
[
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"pertaining"
],
[
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],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"agreeable",
"agreeable"
],
[
"becoming",
"becoming"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; derivable from; derivable from",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"from, on the side of, towards, pertaining to, at the hand of, by [with genitive]",
"(derivable from) agreeable to, becoming, like"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 17 3 3 3 15 1 6 10 3 5 1 2 14 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"hard by, near to, at, among",
"off (a coast or island), bordering on (countries, peoples)"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-frbGSdIt",
"links": [
[
"side",
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],
[
"from",
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[
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"at"
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[
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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"hard by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"off",
"off"
],
[
"bordering on",
"bordering on"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"off (a coast or island), bordering on (countries, peoples)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"hard by, near to, at, among",
"before, in presence of (of people)"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-TiKaCH~z",
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[
"side",
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[
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[
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[
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
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"presence"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"before, in presence of (of people)"
],
"tags": [
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"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"hard by, near to, at, among",
"towards, upon, against"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-USueg66k",
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
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[
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[
"at",
"at"
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[
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],
[
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"forward"
],
[
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"toward"
],
[
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"hard by"
],
[
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"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
],
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"(with verbs of motion) towards, upon, against"
],
"raw_tags": [
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],
"tags": [
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"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
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},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"hard by, near to, at, among",
"at the point of, engaged in"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-vPki-Wyd",
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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"toward"
],
[
"hard by",
"hard by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"at the point of",
"at the point of"
],
[
"engaged",
"engaged"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity; expressing close engagement; expressing close engagement",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"(expressing close engagement) at the point of, engaged in"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"hard by, near to, at, among",
"besides, in addition to"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-7RuWP8yL",
"links": [
[
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"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
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[
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],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
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"hard by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"besides",
"besides"
],
[
"in addition to",
"in addition to"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity; expressing union or addition; expressing union or addition",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"(expressing union or addition) besides, in addition to"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"upon, against"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-R4HhG~WP",
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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],
[
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"toward"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(with verbs implying motion) upon, against"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs implying motion"
],
"tags": [
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"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 5 6 7 6 6 6 6 4 8 7 4 4 4 4 8 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"over and above"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-JDI18UoG",
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
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],
[
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"at"
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[
"to",
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],
[
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"forward"
],
[
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"toward"
],
[
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"over and above"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction; expressing addition; expressing addition",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(expressing addition) over and above"
],
"tags": [
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"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"towards, facing sth., to, against (the wind), in the light of, in (e.g. open day)"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-2qiliO2w",
"links": [
[
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"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
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"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"facing",
"facing"
],
[
"in the light of",
"in the light of"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(with verbs of seeing) towards, facing sth., to, against (the wind), in the light of, in (e.g. open day)"
],
"raw_tags": [
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],
"tags": [
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"dative",
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"with-genitive"
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},
{
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"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"against, in reply to, in accusation"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-haCnKF0V",
"links": [
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"side",
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[
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"from"
],
[
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"at"
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[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"reply",
"reply"
],
[
"accusation",
"accusation"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(in hostile or discursive sense) against, in reply to, in accusation"
],
"raw_tags": [
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],
"tags": [
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"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"with, (have certain feelings) towards, at the hands of, of, inspired by"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-EJ9WCsRF",
"links": [
[
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[
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[
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"at"
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[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"with",
"with"
],
[
"at the hands of",
"at the hands of"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"inspired",
"inspired"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(for various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action) with, (have certain feelings) towards, at the hands of, of, inspired by"
],
"raw_tags": [
"for various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"before (a gremium, witness etc.), in the eyes of (a God etc.) (of legal or other business contracted)"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-OThnoiw3",
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"in the eyes of",
"in the eyes of"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"before (a gremium, witness etc.), in the eyes of (a God etc.) (of legal or other business contracted)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"towards (the evening etc.), at, about (of time)"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-v36pdd-I",
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"towards (the evening etc.), at, about (of time)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 4 5 7 6 6 6 6 3 8 6 3 4 3 4 11 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Accusative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 5 7 6 6 6 6 4 8 6 4 4 4 4 11 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"parents": [
"Dative prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 17 3 3 3 15 1 6 10 3 5 1 2 14 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 6 7 6 6 6 6 3 8 6 4 4 3 4 11 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"parents": [
"Genitive prepositions",
"Prepositions",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 6 7 6 6 6 6 4 8 7 4 4 4 4 8 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancient Greek prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 2 22 1 1 1 21 1 4 11 3 3 2 1 17 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 26 1 1 1 24 0 1 13 1 6 1 1 19 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"relating to, in reference to, in respect of, touching (some matter); in consequence of, in view of (some fact); according to (a certain document, habitude etc.)"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-lT9kZyVw",
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"relating",
"relating"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"in respect of",
"in respect of"
],
[
"touching",
"touching"
],
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"relating to, in reference to, in respect of, touching (some matter); in consequence of, in view of (some fact); according to (a certain document, habitude etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "grc",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "grc:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"accompanied by (an instrument)"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-tgaAUHcQ",
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"accompanied",
"accompanied"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(music) accompanied by (an instrument)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"with, under (e.g. compulsion), by means of, in (e.g. due proportion)"
],
"id": "en-πρός-grc-prep-xhJwiuo1",
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(in various adverbial phrases) with, under (e.g. compulsion), by means of, in (e.g. due proportion)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in various adverbial phrases"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/prós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "protí",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "προτί"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "portí",
"tags": [
"Cretan"
],
"word": "πορτί"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "prés",
"tags": [
"Aeolic"
],
"word": "πρές"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "pérti",
"word": "πέρτι — Pamphylian"
}
],
"word": "πρός"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek adverbs",
"Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek prepositions",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*próti, *préti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्रति",
"tr": "práti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit प्रति (práti)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pretium"
},
"expansion": "Latin pretium",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "противъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ποτί",
"3": "",
"4": "epi",
"5": "dor"
},
"expansion": "ποτί (potí) — Epic, Doric",
"name": "alter"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ποί",
"3": "",
"4": "dor"
},
"expansion": "ποί (poí) — Doric",
"name": "alter"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πός",
"3": "",
"4": "ark"
},
"expansion": "πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot",
"name": "alter"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti. Cognates include Sanskrit प्रति (práti), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ). May be related to πρό (pró, “before”).\nEquivalent prepositions in use for πρός (prós) from another root are ποτί (potí) — Epic, Doric, ποί (poí) — Doric, πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot.\nThe genitive is an innovated Greek associative. The dative is from the PIE locative. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, with some of the metaphorical uses like παρά (pará).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "πρός • (prós)",
"name": "grc-adverb"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"besides, over and above, thereto, in addition"
],
"links": [
[
"besides",
"besides"
],
[
"over and above",
"over and above"
],
[
"thereto",
"thereto"
],
[
"in addition",
"in addition"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/prós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "protí",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "προτί"
},
{
"roman": "portí",
"tags": [
"Cretan"
],
"word": "πορτί"
},
{
"roman": "prés",
"tags": [
"Aeolic"
],
"word": "πρές"
},
{
"roman": "pérti",
"word": "πέρτι — Pamphylian"
}
],
"word": "πρός"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ancient Greek 1-syllable words",
"Ancient Greek accusative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek adverbs",
"Ancient Greek dative prepositions",
"Ancient Greek entries with incorrect language header",
"Ancient Greek genitive prepositions",
"Ancient Greek lemmas",
"Ancient Greek oxytone terms",
"Ancient Greek prepositions",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "προς"
},
"expansion": "Greek: προς (pros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Greek: προς (pros)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "*próti, *préti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्रति",
"tr": "práti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit प्रति (práti)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pretium"
},
"expansion": "Latin pretium",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "противъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ποτί",
"3": "",
"4": "epi",
"5": "dor"
},
"expansion": "ποτί (potí) — Epic, Doric",
"name": "alter"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ποί",
"3": "",
"4": "dor"
},
"expansion": "ποί (poí) — Doric",
"name": "alter"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πός",
"3": "",
"4": "ark"
},
"expansion": "πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot",
"name": "alter"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *próti, *préti. Cognates include Sanskrit प्रति (práti), Latin pretium, and Old Church Slavonic противъ (protivŭ). May be related to πρό (pró, “before”).\nEquivalent prepositions in use for πρός (prós) from another root are ποτί (potí) — Epic, Doric, ποί (poí) — Doric, πός (pós) — Arcadocypriot.\nThe genitive is an innovated Greek associative. The dative is from the PIE locative. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, with some of the metaphorical uses like παρά (pará).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prós",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gen",
"2": "dat",
"3": "acc"
},
"expansion": "πρός • (prós) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)",
"name": "grc-preposition"
}
],
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"from, on the side of, towards, pertaining to, at the hand of, by",
"before, in presence of, in the eyes of, in the sight of, in the name of"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"pertaining",
"pertaining"
],
[
"at the hand of",
"at the hand of"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"presence",
"presence"
],
[
"in the eyes of",
"in the eyes of"
],
[
"sight",
"sight"
],
[
"in the name of",
"in the name of"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"from, on the side of, towards, pertaining to, at the hand of, by [with genitive]",
"(mostly in religious formulas) before, in presence of, in the eyes of, in the sight of, in the name of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in religious formulas"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"from, on the side of, towards, pertaining to, at the hand of, by",
"agreeable to, becoming, like"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "gen"
},
"expansion": "[with genitive]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"pertaining",
"pertaining"
],
[
"at the hand of",
"at the hand of"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"agreeable",
"agreeable"
],
[
"becoming",
"becoming"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; derivable from; derivable from",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"from, on the side of, towards, pertaining to, at the hand of, by [with genitive]",
"(derivable from) agreeable to, becoming, like"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"hard by, near to, at, among",
"off (a coast or island), bordering on (countries, peoples)"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"hard by",
"hard by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"off",
"off"
],
[
"bordering on",
"bordering on"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"off (a coast or island), bordering on (countries, peoples)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"hard by, near to, at, among",
"before, in presence of (of people)"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"hard by",
"hard by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"presence",
"presence"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"before, in presence of (of people)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"hard by, near to, at, among",
"towards, upon, against"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"hard by",
"hard by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
],
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"(with verbs of motion) towards, upon, against"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs of motion"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"hard by, near to, at, among",
"at the point of, engaged in"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"hard by",
"hard by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"at the point of",
"at the point of"
],
[
"engaged",
"engaged"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity; expressing close engagement; expressing close engagement",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"(expressing close engagement) at the point of, engaged in"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"hard by, near to, at, among",
"besides, in addition to"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"hard by",
"hard by"
],
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"among",
"among"
],
[
"besides",
"besides"
],
[
"in addition to",
"in addition to"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing proximity; expressing union or addition; expressing union or addition",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with dative, expressing proximity) hard by, near to, at, among",
"(expressing union or addition) besides, in addition to"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-dative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"upon, against"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(with verbs implying motion) upon, against"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs implying motion"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"over and above"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"over and above",
"over and above"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction; expressing addition; expressing addition",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(expressing addition) over and above"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"towards, facing sth., to, against (the wind), in the light of, in (e.g. open day)"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"facing",
"facing"
],
[
"in the light of",
"in the light of"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(with verbs of seeing) towards, facing sth., to, against (the wind), in the light of, in (e.g. open day)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with verbs of seeing"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"against, in reply to, in accusation"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"reply",
"reply"
],
[
"accusation",
"accusation"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(in hostile or discursive sense) against, in reply to, in accusation"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in hostile or discursive sense"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"with, (have certain feelings) towards, at the hands of, of, inspired by"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"with",
"with"
],
[
"at the hands of",
"at the hands of"
],
[
"of",
"of"
],
[
"inspired",
"inspired"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(for various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action) with, (have certain feelings) towards, at the hands of, of, inspired by"
],
"raw_tags": [
"for various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"before (a gremium, witness etc.), in the eyes of (a God etc.) (of legal or other business contracted)"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"in the eyes of",
"in the eyes of"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"before (a gremium, witness etc.), in the eyes of (a God etc.) (of legal or other business contracted)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"towards (the evening etc.), at, about (of time)"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"towards (the evening etc.), at, about (of time)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"relating to, in reference to, in respect of, touching (some matter); in consequence of, in view of (some fact); according to (a certain document, habitude etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"relating",
"relating"
],
[
"reference",
"reference"
],
[
"in respect of",
"in respect of"
],
[
"touching",
"touching"
],
[
"according to",
"according to"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"relating to, in reference to, in respect of, touching (some matter); in consequence of, in view of (some fact); according to (a certain document, habitude etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"grc:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"accompanied by (an instrument)"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"accompanied",
"accompanied"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(music) accompanied by (an instrument)"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"towards",
"with, under (e.g. compulsion), by means of, in (e.g. due proportion)"
],
"links": [
[
"side",
"side"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"at",
"at"
],
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
],
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"qualifier": "expressing direction; expressing motion or direction",
"raw_glosses": [
"(expressing direction) on the side of, from, at, to, forward to, toward",
"(with accusative, expressing motion or direction) towards",
"(in various adverbial phrases) with, under (e.g. compulsion), by means of, in (e.g. due proportion)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in various adverbial phrases"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative",
"with-accusative",
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prós/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/"
},
{
"ipa": "/prós/",
"note": "5ᵗʰ BCE Attic"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "1ˢᵗ CE Egyptian"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "4ᵗʰ CE Koine"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ CE Byzantine"
},
{
"ipa": "/pros/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE Constantinopolitan"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "protí",
"tags": [
"Epic"
],
"word": "προτί"
},
{
"roman": "portí",
"tags": [
"Cretan"
],
"word": "πορτί"
},
{
"roman": "prés",
"tags": [
"Aeolic"
],
"word": "πρές"
},
{
"roman": "pérti",
"word": "πέρτι — Pamphylian"
}
],
"word": "πρός"
}
Download raw JSONL data for πρός meaning in All languages combined (19.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.