See ʕe on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ʕe meaning in All languages combined (4.5kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bbl",
"2": "ჺა"
},
"expansion": "Bats: ჺა (ʿa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanar-"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanar-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< oblique <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"cau-nkh-pro\">*ʕanar-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< oblique *ʕanar-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bats: ჺა (ʿa) (< oblique *ʕanar-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vainakh:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "ӏаь",
"3": "ӏа"
},
"expansion": "Chechen: ӏаь (ˀä), ӏа (ˀa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanar-"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanar-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< oblique <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"cau-nkh-pro\">*ʕanar-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< oblique *ʕanar-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Chechen: ӏаь (ˀä), ӏа (ˀa) (< oblique *ʕanar-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "ӏи"
},
"expansion": "Ingush: ӏи (ˀi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingush: ӏи (ˀi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanir-"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanir-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "",
"3": "ԧeнериң"
},
"expansion": "ԧeнериң",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanariᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanariᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕaneriᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕaneriᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕäneriᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕäneriᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "",
"3": "ӏаьнаран"
},
"expansion": "Chechen ӏаьнаран (ˀänaran)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanariᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanariᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanriᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanriᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bbl",
"2": "",
"3": "ჺანრიჼ"
},
"expansion": "Bats ჺანრიჼ (ʿanrĩ)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanariš"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanariš",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕaneriš"
},
"expansion": "*ʕaneriš",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕäneriš"
},
"expansion": "*ʕäneriš",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "",
"3": "ӏаьнарш"
},
"expansion": "Chechen ӏаьнарш (ˀänarš)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanariš"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanariš",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanari"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanari",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanaⁱri"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanaⁱri",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bbl",
"2": "",
"3": "ჺანაჲრ"
},
"expansion": "Bats ჺანაჲრ (ʿanayr)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Dutch linguist Peter Schrijver, reconstructs the oblique stem *ʕanir- for the Chechen reflex (this is not confirmed by the Bats material). However, Uslar’s work contains a form in the genitive singular ԧeнериң with -e- in the second syllable:\n* *ʕanariᶰ (assimilation 1) > *ʕaneriᶰ (assimilation 2) > *ʕäneriᶰ (reduction) > Chechen ӏаьнаран (ˀänaran);\n* *ʕanariᶰ (syncope) > *ʕanriᶰ > Bats ჺანრიჼ (ʿanrĩ).\nAnd the nominative plural:\n* *ʕanariš (assimilation 1) > *ʕaneriš (assimilation 2) > *ʕäneriš (reduction) > Chechen ӏаьнарш (ˀänarš);\n* *ʕanariš (apocope 1) > *ʕanari (refraction or i-epenthesis) > *ʕanaⁱri (apocope 2) > Bats ჺანაჲრ (ʿanayr).\nIt follows from this that his reconstruction is incorrect.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*ʕe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Nakh",
"lang_code": "cau-nkh-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Nakh/ʕe",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Nakh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"steam"
],
"id": "en-ʕe-cau-nkh-pro-noun-Px8pREwJ",
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Peter Schrijver"
]
}
],
"word": "ʕe"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bbl",
"2": "ჺა"
},
"expansion": "Bats: ჺა (ʿa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanar-"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanar-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< oblique <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"cau-nkh-pro\">*ʕanar-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< oblique *ʕanar-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bats: ჺა (ʿa) (< oblique *ʕanar-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vainakh:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "ӏаь",
"3": "ӏа"
},
"expansion": "Chechen: ӏаь (ˀä), ӏа (ˀa)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanar-"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanar-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< oblique <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"cau-nkh-pro\">*ʕanar-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(< oblique *ʕanar-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Chechen: ӏаь (ˀä), ӏа (ˀa) (< oblique *ʕanar-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "ӏи"
},
"expansion": "Ingush: ӏи (ˀi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingush: ӏи (ˀi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanir-"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanir-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "",
"3": "ԧeнериң"
},
"expansion": "ԧeнериң",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanariᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanariᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕaneriᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕaneriᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕäneriᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕäneriᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "",
"3": "ӏаьнаран"
},
"expansion": "Chechen ӏаьнаран (ˀänaran)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanariᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanariᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanriᶰ"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanriᶰ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bbl",
"2": "",
"3": "ჺანრიჼ"
},
"expansion": "Bats ჺანრიჼ (ʿanrĩ)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanariš"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanariš",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕaneriš"
},
"expansion": "*ʕaneriš",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕäneriš"
},
"expansion": "*ʕäneriš",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "",
"3": "ӏаьнарш"
},
"expansion": "Chechen ӏаьнарш (ˀänarš)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanariš"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanariš",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanari"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanari",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*ʕanaⁱri"
},
"expansion": "*ʕanaⁱri",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bbl",
"2": "",
"3": "ჺანაჲრ"
},
"expansion": "Bats ჺანაჲრ (ʿanayr)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Dutch linguist Peter Schrijver, reconstructs the oblique stem *ʕanir- for the Chechen reflex (this is not confirmed by the Bats material). However, Uslar’s work contains a form in the genitive singular ԧeнериң with -e- in the second syllable:\n* *ʕanariᶰ (assimilation 1) > *ʕaneriᶰ (assimilation 2) > *ʕäneriᶰ (reduction) > Chechen ӏаьнаран (ˀänaran);\n* *ʕanariᶰ (syncope) > *ʕanriᶰ > Bats ჺანრიჼ (ʿanrĩ).\nAnd the nominative plural:\n* *ʕanariš (assimilation 1) > *ʕaneriš (assimilation 2) > *ʕäneriš (reduction) > Chechen ӏаьнарш (ˀänarš);\n* *ʕanariš (apocope 1) > *ʕanari (refraction or i-epenthesis) > *ʕanaⁱri (apocope 2) > Bats ჺანაჲრ (ʿanayr).\nIt follows from this that his reconstruction is incorrect.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*ʕe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Nakh",
"lang_code": "cau-nkh-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Nakh/ʕe",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English quotations with omitted translation",
"English terms with quotations",
"Proto-Nakh entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Nakh lemmas",
"Proto-Nakh nouns",
"Requests for transliteration of Russian quotations",
"Russian quotations with omitted translation",
"Russian terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"steam"
],
"links": [
[
"steam",
"steam"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Peter Schrijver"
]
}
],
"word": "ʕe"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.