"ʕaṯtar-" meaning in All languages combined

See ʕaṯtar- on Wiktionary

Proper name [Proto-Semitic]

Etymology: Unknown. A borrowing from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”) has been suggested, perhaps by way of an Anatolian language, but runs into phonetic and semantic problems that are difficult to resolve. Possibly inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic and cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵉⵜⵔⵉ (itri) and Proto-Chadic *təra (whence Hausa tàurārṑ), if they are not in turn borrowings ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. Etymology templates: {{unk|sem-pro}} Unknown, {{der|sem-pro|ine-pro|*h₂stḗr|t=star}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”), {{der|sem-pro|ine-ana|-}} Anatolian, {{glossary|inherited}} inherited, {{inh|sem-pro|afa-pro|-|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Afroasiatic, {{inh+|sem-pro|afa-pro|-|nocap=1}} inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic, {{cog|tzm|ⵉⵜⵔⵉ}} Central Atlas Tamazight ⵉⵜⵔⵉ (itri), {{cog|cdc-pro|*təra}} Proto-Chadic *təra, {{cog|ha|tàurārṑ}} Hausa tàurārṑ, {{noncog|ine-pro|*h₂stḗr}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr Head templates: {{head|sem-pro|proper noun|g=f}} *ʕaṯtar- f Inflection templates: {{sem-decl-noun|fpl=ʕaṯtar}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ʕaṯtarum [nominative, singular], ʕaṯtarāna [dual, nominative], ʕaṯtarātum [nominative, plural], ʕaṯtarim [genitive, singular], ʕaṯtarayna [dual, genitive], ʕaṯtarātim [genitive, plural], ʕaṯtaram [accusative, singular], ʕaṯtarayna [accusative, dual], ʕaṯtarātim [accusative, plural], ʕaṯtarī [first-person, possessive, singular], ʕaṯtarVya [first-person, possessive, singular], - [dual, first-person, possessive], ʕaṯtarVni [first-person, plural, possessive], ʕaṯtarVka [masculine, possessive, second-person, singular], ʕaṯtarVkumā [dual, masculine, possessive, second-person], ʕaṯtarVkumay [dual, masculine, possessive, second-person], ʕaṯtarVkum [masculine, plural, possessive, second-person], ʕaṯtarVkumū [masculine, plural, possessive, second-person], ʕaṯtarVki [feminine, possessive, second-person, singular], ʕaṯtarVkumā [dual, feminine, possessive, second-person], ʕaṯtarVkumay [dual, feminine, possessive, second-person], ʕaṯtarVkin [feminine, plural, possessive, second-person], ʕaṯtarVkinā [feminine, plural, possessive, second-person], ʕaṯtarVšu [masculine, possessive, singular, third-person], ʕaṯtarVšumā [dual, masculine, possessive, third-person], ʕaṯtarVšumay [dual, masculine, possessive, third-person], ʕaṯtarVšum [masculine, plural, possessive, third-person], ʕaṯtarVšumū [masculine, plural, possessive, third-person], ʕaṯtarVša [feminine, possessive, singular, third-person], ʕaṯtarVšumā [dual, feminine, possessive, third-person], ʕaṯtarVšumay [dual, feminine, possessive, third-person], ʕaṯtarVšin [feminine, plural, possessive, third-person], ʕaṯtarVšinā [feminine, plural, possessive, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], ʕaṯtaruka [nominative, possessive, singular], ʕaṯtarāka [dual, nominative, possessive], ʕaṯtarātuka [nominative, plural, possessive], ʕaṯtarika [genitive, possessive, singular], ʕaṯtarayka [dual, genitive, possessive], ʕaṯtarātika [genitive, plural, possessive], ʕaṯtaraka [accusative, possessive, singular], ʕaṯtarayka [accusative, dual, possessive], ʕaṯtarātika [accusative, plural, possessive], no-table-tags [table-tags], ʕaṯtaruki [nominative, possessive, singular], ʕaṯtarāki [dual, nominative, possessive], ʕaṯtarātuki [nominative, plural, possessive], ʕaṯtariki [genitive, possessive, singular], ʕaṯtarayki [dual, genitive, possessive], ʕaṯtarātiki [genitive, plural, possessive], ʕaṯtaraki [accusative, possessive, singular], ʕaṯtarayki [accusative, dual, possessive], ʕaṯtarātiki [accusative, plural, possessive]
  1. name of a star goddess, Astarte, Ishtar Wikipedia link: Belgium, Leuven, Leuven University Press, Peeters Publishers, construct state Tags: feminine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-ʕaṯtar--sem-pro-name-c-ZpMwrU Categories (other): Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for ʕaṯtar- meaning in All languages combined (16.4kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "akk",
            "2": "Ištar",
            "alt": "𒀭𒈹",
            "tr": "Ištar"
          },
          "expansion": "Akkadian: 𒀭𒈹 (Ištar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Akkadian: 𒀭𒈹 (Ištar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xeb",
            "2": "𒀭𒈹",
            "tr": "ᵈMUŠ₃, ᵈINANNA",
            "ts": "Ašdar"
          },
          "expansion": "Eblaite: 𒀭𒈹 (ᵈMUŠ₃, ᵈINANNA /⁠Ašdar⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Eblaite: 𒀭𒈹 (ᵈMUŠ₃, ᵈINANNA /⁠Ašdar⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xna",
            "2": "𐪒𐪛𐪉𐪑𐪇",
            "tr": "ʿAṯtar"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient North Arabian: 𐪒𐪛𐪉𐪑𐪇 (ʿAṯtar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient North Arabian: 𐪒𐪛𐪉𐪑𐪇 (ʿAṯtar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "عَثْتَر"
          },
          "expansion": "Arabic: عَثْتَر (ʕaṯtar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Arabic: عَثْتَر (ʕaṯtar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc-imp",
            "2": "𐡏𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡌",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿAštarum"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡏𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡌 (ʿAštarum)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡏𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡌 (ʿAštarum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc-pal",
            "2": "𐡰𐡯𐡶𐡴",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿAstōr"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡰𐡯𐡶𐡴 (ʿAstōr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡰𐡯𐡶𐡴 (ʿAstōr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phn",
            "2": "𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤌",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿAštarum"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Phoenician: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤌 (ʿAštarum)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Phoenician: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤌 (ʿAštarum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northwest-Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sem-amo",
            "2": "𒀭𒀹𒁯",
            "pos": "Akkadian heterogram",
            "sc": "Xsux",
            "tr": "ᵈiš₈-dar, ᵈiš₈-tar₂",
            "ts": "ʿaṯtar(t)i"
          },
          "expansion": "Amorite: 𒀭𒀹𒁯 (ᵈiš₈-dar, ᵈiš₈-tar₂ /⁠ʿaṯtar(t)i⁠/, Akkadian heterogram)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Amorite: 𒀭𒀹𒁯 (ᵈiš₈-dar, ᵈiš₈-tar₂ /⁠ʿaṯtar(t)i⁠/, Akkadian heterogram)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uga",
            "2": "𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗",
            "3": "𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗𐎚",
            "ts": "ʿAṯtar",
            "ts2": "ʿAṯtartu"
          },
          "expansion": "Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗 (ʿṯtr /⁠ʿAṯtar⁠/), 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗𐎚 (ʿṯtrt /⁠ʿAṯtartu⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗 (ʿṯtr /⁠ʿAṯtar⁠/), 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗𐎚 (ʿṯtrt /⁠ʿAṯtartu⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Aramaic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc-old",
            "2": "𐡏𐡕𐡓",
            "tr": "ʿAttar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Aramaic: 𐡏𐡕𐡓 (ʿAttar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Aramaic: 𐡏𐡕𐡓 (ʿAttar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "akk",
            "2": "𒀭𒀀𒋻",
            "3": "𒀭𒀜𒋻",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr1": "ᵈa-tar",
            "tr2": "ᵈat-tar",
            "ts1": "Atar",
            "ts2": "Attar"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Akkadian: 𒀭𒀀𒋻 (ᵈa-tar /⁠Atar⁠/), 𒀭𒀜𒋻 (ᵈat-tar /⁠Attar⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Akkadian: 𒀭𒀀𒋻 (ᵈa-tar /⁠Atar⁠/), 𒀭𒀜𒋻 (ᵈat-tar /⁠Attar⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xna",
            "2": "𐪒𐪉𐪇",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿAttar"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ancient North Arabian: 𐪒𐪉𐪇 (ʿAttar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ancient North Arabian: 𐪒𐪉𐪇 (ʿAttar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Canaanite:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "he",
            "2": "עַשְׁתֹּרֶת",
            "tr": "'ashtóret, ʿaštṓreṯ"
          },
          "expansion": "Hebrew: עַשְׁתֹּרֶת ('ashtóret, ʿaštṓreṯ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hebrew: עַשְׁתֹּרֶת ('ashtóret, ʿaštṓreṯ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܐܷܣܬܪܴܐ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʾestərā"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܐܷܣܬܪܴܐ (ʾestərā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܐܷܣܬܪܴܐ (ʾestərā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tmr",
            "2": "עַשְׁתָּרוֹת",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿaštārōṯ"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (ʿaštārōṯ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (ʿaštārōṯ) and עַשְׁתְּרָתָא (ʿaštərāṯā, “Ashtoreth”), אׅיסְתְּרָא (ʾistərā, “female spirit”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obm",
            "2": "𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓",
            "tr": "ʿAštar"
          },
          "expansion": "Moabite: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓 (ʿAštar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Moabite: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓 (ʿAštar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phn",
            "2": "𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤕",
            "3": "𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓",
            "tr1": "ʿAštart",
            "tr2": "ʿAštar"
          },
          "expansion": "Phoenician: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤕 (ʿAštart), 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓 (ʿAštar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Phoenician: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤕 (ʿAštart), 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓 (ʿAštar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "Ἀστάρτη",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Ἀστάρτη (Astártē)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ancient Greek: Ἀστάρτη (Astártē)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 7,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "Astartē",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: Astartē",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: Astartē"
    },
    {
      "depth": 8,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Astarte",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Astarte",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Astarte"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egy",
            "2": "ꜥsṯrt",
            "3": "ꜥsṯjrṯt",
            "4": "ꜥꜣstjr",
            "5": "ꜥꜣsjty",
            "6": "ꜥsṯt",
            "7": "ꜥsṯrdt",
            "alt1": "<hiero>a:z-T:r:t</hiero>",
            "alt2": "<hiero>a:z:T-M17-r:T:t*H8-I12</hiero>",
            "alt3": "<hiero>aA:a:z-ti-i-r:Z1</hiero>",
            "alt4": "<hiero>aA:a-s-y-ti-i-i</hiero>",
            "alt5": "<hiero>a:z:T-t:H8-B1</hiero>",
            "alt6": "<hiero>a:z-T:r-d-t:H8-B1</hiero>",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr1": "ꜥsṯrt",
            "tr2": "ꜥsṯjrṯt",
            "tr3": "ꜥꜣstjr",
            "tr4": "ꜥꜣsjty",
            "tr5": "ꜥsṯt",
            "tr6": "ꜥsṯrdt"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Egyptian: a:z-T:r:t (ꜥsṯrt), a:z:T-M17-r:T:t*H8-I12 (ꜥsṯjrṯt), aA:a:z-ti-i-r:Z1 (ꜥꜣstjr), aA:a-s-y-ti-i-i (ꜥꜣsjty), a:z:T-t:H8-B1 (ꜥsṯt), a:z-T:r-d-t:H8-B1 (ꜥsṯrdt)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Egyptian: a:z-T:r:t (ꜥsṯrt), a:z:T-M17-r:T:t*H8-I12 (ꜥsṯjrṯt), aA:a:z-ti-i-r:Z1 (ꜥꜣstjr), aA:a-s-y-ti-i-i (ꜥꜣsjty), a:z:T-t:H8-B1 (ꜥsṯt), a:z-T:r-d-t:H8-B1 (ꜥsṯrdt)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sem-srb",
            "2": "𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧",
            "3": "𐩲𐩯𐩩𐩧𐩣",
            "tr2": "ʿśtrm"
          },
          "expansion": "Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧 (ʿṯtr), 𐩲𐩯𐩩𐩧𐩣 (ʿśtrm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧 (ʿṯtr), 𐩲𐩯𐩩𐩧𐩣 (ʿśtrm)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ethiopian Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gez",
            "2": "ዐስተር",
            "t": "heaven, sky"
          },
          "expansion": "Ge'ez: ዐስተር (ʿästär, “heaven, sky”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ge'ez: ዐስተር (ʿästär, “heaven, sky”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "am",
            "2": "አስታር",
            "3": "ኣስተር",
            "bor": "1",
            "t2": "star"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Amharic: አስታር (ʾästar), ኣስተር (ʾastär, “star”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Amharic: አስታር (ʾästar), ኣስተር (ʾastär, “star”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "byn",
            "2": "ኣስተር",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "sky",
            "tr": "astär"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Blin: ኣስተር (astär, “sky”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Blin: ኣስተር (astär, “sky”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tig",
            "2": "ዓስተር",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "heaven"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tigre: ዓስተር (ʿastär, “heaven”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tigre: ዓስተር (ʿastär, “heaven”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂stḗr",
        "t": "star"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "ine-ana",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Anatolian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "afa-pro",
        "3": "-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Afroasiatic",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "afa-pro",
        "3": "-",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tzm",
        "2": "ⵉⵜⵔⵉ"
      },
      "expansion": "Central Atlas Tamazight ⵉⵜⵔⵉ (itri)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cdc-pro",
        "2": "*təra"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Chadic *təra",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ha",
        "2": "tàurārṑ"
      },
      "expansion": "Hausa tàurārṑ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂stḗr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. A borrowing from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”) has been suggested, perhaps by way of an Anatolian language, but runs into phonetic and semantic problems that are difficult to resolve.\nPossibly inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic and cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵉⵜⵔⵉ (itri) and Proto-Chadic *təra (whence Hausa tàurārṑ), if they are not in turn borrowings ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarāna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaram",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVya",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumay",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumay",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkinā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumay",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVša",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumay",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšinā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaruka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarāka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātuka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarika",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātika",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaraka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātika",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaruki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarāki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātuki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtariki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātiki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaraki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātiki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*ʕaṯtar- f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "fpl": "ʕaṯtar"
      },
      "name": "sem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Semitic",
  "lang_code": "sem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʕaṯtar-",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "name of a star goddess, Astarte, Ishtar"
      ],
      "id": "en-ʕaṯtar--sem-pro-name-c-ZpMwrU",
      "links": [
        [
          "Astarte",
          "Astarte"
        ],
        [
          "Ishtar",
          "Ishtar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Belgium",
        "Leuven",
        "Leuven University Press",
        "Peeters Publishers",
        "construct state"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ʕaṯtar-"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "akk",
            "2": "Ištar",
            "alt": "𒀭𒈹",
            "tr": "Ištar"
          },
          "expansion": "Akkadian: 𒀭𒈹 (Ištar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Akkadian: 𒀭𒈹 (Ištar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xeb",
            "2": "𒀭𒈹",
            "tr": "ᵈMUŠ₃, ᵈINANNA",
            "ts": "Ašdar"
          },
          "expansion": "Eblaite: 𒀭𒈹 (ᵈMUŠ₃, ᵈINANNA /⁠Ašdar⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Eblaite: 𒀭𒈹 (ᵈMUŠ₃, ᵈINANNA /⁠Ašdar⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Central Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xna",
            "2": "𐪒𐪛𐪉𐪑𐪇",
            "tr": "ʿAṯtar"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient North Arabian: 𐪒𐪛𐪉𐪑𐪇 (ʿAṯtar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient North Arabian: 𐪒𐪛𐪉𐪑𐪇 (ʿAṯtar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ar",
            "2": "عَثْتَر"
          },
          "expansion": "Arabic: عَثْتَر (ʕaṯtar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Arabic: عَثْتَر (ʕaṯtar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc-imp",
            "2": "𐡏𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡌",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿAštarum"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡏𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡌 (ʿAštarum)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡏𐡔𐡕𐡓𐡌 (ʿAštarum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc-pal",
            "2": "𐡰𐡯𐡶𐡴",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿAstōr"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡰𐡯𐡶𐡴 (ʿAstōr)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡰𐡯𐡶𐡴 (ʿAstōr)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phn",
            "2": "𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤌",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿAštarum"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Phoenician: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤌 (ʿAštarum)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Phoenician: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤌 (ʿAštarum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northwest-Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sem-amo",
            "2": "𒀭𒀹𒁯",
            "pos": "Akkadian heterogram",
            "sc": "Xsux",
            "tr": "ᵈiš₈-dar, ᵈiš₈-tar₂",
            "ts": "ʿaṯtar(t)i"
          },
          "expansion": "Amorite: 𒀭𒀹𒁯 (ᵈiš₈-dar, ᵈiš₈-tar₂ /⁠ʿaṯtar(t)i⁠/, Akkadian heterogram)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Amorite: 𒀭𒀹𒁯 (ᵈiš₈-dar, ᵈiš₈-tar₂ /⁠ʿaṯtar(t)i⁠/, Akkadian heterogram)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uga",
            "2": "𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗",
            "3": "𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗𐎚",
            "ts": "ʿAṯtar",
            "ts2": "ʿAṯtartu"
          },
          "expansion": "Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗 (ʿṯtr /⁠ʿAṯtar⁠/), 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗𐎚 (ʿṯtrt /⁠ʿAṯtartu⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗 (ʿṯtr /⁠ʿAṯtar⁠/), 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗𐎚 (ʿṯtrt /⁠ʿAṯtartu⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Aramaic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc-old",
            "2": "𐡏𐡕𐡓",
            "tr": "ʿAttar"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Aramaic: 𐡏𐡕𐡓 (ʿAttar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Aramaic: 𐡏𐡕𐡓 (ʿAttar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "d"
          },
          "expansion": "ᵈ",
          "name": "sup"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "akk",
            "2": "𒀭𒀀𒋻",
            "3": "𒀭𒀜𒋻",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr1": "ᵈa-tar",
            "tr2": "ᵈat-tar",
            "ts1": "Atar",
            "ts2": "Attar"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Akkadian: 𒀭𒀀𒋻 (ᵈa-tar /⁠Atar⁠/), 𒀭𒀜𒋻 (ᵈat-tar /⁠Attar⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Akkadian: 𒀭𒀀𒋻 (ᵈa-tar /⁠Atar⁠/), 𒀭𒀜𒋻 (ᵈat-tar /⁠Attar⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xna",
            "2": "𐪒𐪉𐪇",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿAttar"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ancient North Arabian: 𐪒𐪉𐪇 (ʿAttar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ancient North Arabian: 𐪒𐪉𐪇 (ʿAttar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Canaanite:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "he",
            "2": "עַשְׁתֹּרֶת",
            "tr": "'ashtóret, ʿaštṓreṯ"
          },
          "expansion": "Hebrew: עַשְׁתֹּרֶת ('ashtóret, ʿaštṓreṯ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hebrew: עַשְׁתֹּרֶת ('ashtóret, ʿaštṓreṯ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "syc",
            "2": "ܐܷܣܬܪܴܐ",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʾestərā"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Classical Syriac: ܐܷܣܬܪܴܐ (ʾestərā)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Classical Syriac: ܐܷܣܬܪܴܐ (ʾestərā)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tmr",
            "2": "עַשְׁתָּרוֹת",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "ʿaštārōṯ"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (ʿaštārōṯ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עַשְׁתָּרוֹת (ʿaštārōṯ) and עַשְׁתְּרָתָא (ʿaštərāṯā, “Ashtoreth”), אׅיסְתְּרָא (ʾistərā, “female spirit”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obm",
            "2": "𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓",
            "tr": "ʿAštar"
          },
          "expansion": "Moabite: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓 (ʿAštar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Moabite: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓 (ʿAštar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "phn",
            "2": "𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤕",
            "3": "𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓",
            "tr1": "ʿAštart",
            "tr2": "ʿAštar"
          },
          "expansion": "Phoenician: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤕 (ʿAštart), 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓 (ʿAštar)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Phoenician: 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓𐤕 (ʿAštart), 𐤏𐤔𐤕𐤓 (ʿAštar)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "Ἀστάρτη",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Ἀστάρτη (Astártē)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ancient Greek: Ἀστάρτη (Astártē)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 7,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "Astartē",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Latin: Astartē",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Latin: Astartē"
    },
    {
      "depth": 8,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "Astarte",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: Astarte",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: Astarte"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "egy",
            "2": "ꜥsṯrt",
            "3": "ꜥsṯjrṯt",
            "4": "ꜥꜣstjr",
            "5": "ꜥꜣsjty",
            "6": "ꜥsṯt",
            "7": "ꜥsṯrdt",
            "alt1": "<hiero>a:z-T:r:t</hiero>",
            "alt2": "<hiero>a:z:T-M17-r:T:t*H8-I12</hiero>",
            "alt3": "<hiero>aA:a:z-ti-i-r:Z1</hiero>",
            "alt4": "<hiero>aA:a-s-y-ti-i-i</hiero>",
            "alt5": "<hiero>a:z:T-t:H8-B1</hiero>",
            "alt6": "<hiero>a:z-T:r-d-t:H8-B1</hiero>",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr1": "ꜥsṯrt",
            "tr2": "ꜥsṯjrṯt",
            "tr3": "ꜥꜣstjr",
            "tr4": "ꜥꜣsjty",
            "tr5": "ꜥsṯt",
            "tr6": "ꜥsṯrdt"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Egyptian: a:z-T:r:t (ꜥsṯrt), a:z:T-M17-r:T:t*H8-I12 (ꜥsṯjrṯt), aA:a:z-ti-i-r:Z1 (ꜥꜣstjr), aA:a-s-y-ti-i-i (ꜥꜣsjty), a:z:T-t:H8-B1 (ꜥsṯt), a:z-T:r-d-t:H8-B1 (ꜥsṯrdt)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Egyptian: a:z-T:r:t (ꜥsṯrt), a:z:T-M17-r:T:t*H8-I12 (ꜥsṯjrṯt), aA:a:z-ti-i-r:Z1 (ꜥꜣstjr), aA:a-s-y-ti-i-i (ꜥꜣsjty), a:z:T-t:H8-B1 (ꜥsṯt), a:z-T:r-d-t:H8-B1 (ꜥsṯrdt)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sem-srb",
            "2": "𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧",
            "3": "𐩲𐩯𐩩𐩧𐩣",
            "tr2": "ʿśtrm"
          },
          "expansion": "Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧 (ʿṯtr), 𐩲𐩯𐩩𐩧𐩣 (ʿśtrm)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old South Arabian: 𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧 (ʿṯtr), 𐩲𐩯𐩩𐩧𐩣 (ʿśtrm)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ethiopian Semitic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gez",
            "2": "ዐስተር",
            "t": "heaven, sky"
          },
          "expansion": "Ge'ez: ዐስተር (ʿästär, “heaven, sky”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ge'ez: ዐስተር (ʿästär, “heaven, sky”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "am",
            "2": "አስታር",
            "3": "ኣስተር",
            "bor": "1",
            "t2": "star"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Amharic: አስታር (ʾästar), ኣስተር (ʾastär, “star”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Amharic: አስታር (ʾästar), ኣስተር (ʾastär, “star”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "byn",
            "2": "ኣስተር",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "sky",
            "tr": "astär"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Blin: ኣስተር (astär, “sky”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Blin: ኣስተር (astär, “sky”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tig",
            "2": "ዓስተር",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "heaven"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tigre: ዓስተር (ʿastär, “heaven”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tigre: ዓስተር (ʿastär, “heaven”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂stḗr",
        "t": "star"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "ine-ana",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Anatolian",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "afa-pro",
        "3": "-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Afroasiatic",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "afa-pro",
        "3": "-",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tzm",
        "2": "ⵉⵜⵔⵉ"
      },
      "expansion": "Central Atlas Tamazight ⵉⵜⵔⵉ (itri)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cdc-pro",
        "2": "*təra"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Chadic *təra",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ha",
        "2": "tàurārṑ"
      },
      "expansion": "Hausa tàurārṑ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂stḗr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. A borrowing from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”) has been suggested, perhaps by way of an Anatolian language, but runs into phonetic and semantic problems that are difficult to resolve.\nPossibly inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic and cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⵉⵜⵔⵉ (itri) and Proto-Chadic *təra (whence Hausa tàurārṑ), if they are not in turn borrowings ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarāna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaram",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVya",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumay",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkumay",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVkinā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumay",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVša",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšumay",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarVšinā",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaruka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarāka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātuka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarika",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātika",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaraka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayka",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātika",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaruki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarāki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātuki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtariki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātiki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtaraki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "possessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarayki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ʕaṯtarātiki",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "possessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-pro",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "*ʕaṯtar- f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "fpl": "ʕaṯtar"
      },
      "name": "sem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Semitic",
  "lang_code": "sem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʕaṯtar-",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Semitic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Semitic feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Semitic lemmas",
        "Proto-Semitic proper nouns",
        "Proto-Semitic terms derived from Anatolian languages",
        "Proto-Semitic terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic",
        "Proto-Semitic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Semitic terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic",
        "Proto-Semitic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "sem-pro:Gods"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "name of a star goddess, Astarte, Ishtar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Astarte",
          "Astarte"
        ],
        [
          "Ishtar",
          "Ishtar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Belgium",
        "Leuven",
        "Leuven University Press",
        "Peeters Publishers",
        "construct state"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ʕaṯtar-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.