"ɣwino-" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oge",
            "2": "ღჳნო"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Georgian: ღჳნო (ɣwino)\nGeorgian: ღვინო (ɣvino), ღუ̈ნეჲ (ɣüney); ღინო (ɣino)\n→ Avar: гъино (ğino), гъвину (ğʷinu) — Antsukh\n→ Bezhta: гъино (ğino)\n→ Hinukh: гъино (ġino)\n→ Hunzib: гъино (ġino)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Georgian: ღჳნო (ɣwino)\nGeorgian: ღვინო (ɣvino), ღუ̈ნეჲ (ɣüney); ღინო (ɣino)\n→ Avar: гъино (ğino), гъвину (ğʷinu) — Antsukh\n→ Bezhta: гъино (ğino)\n→ Hinukh: гъино (ġino)\n→ Hunzib: гъино (ġino)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Zan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lzz",
            "2": "ღვინი",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Laz: ღვინი (ğvini), ყვინი (qvini); ღინი (ğini), ღენი (ğeni); ღვენი (ğveni)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Laz: ღვინი (ğvini), ყვინი (qvini); ღინი (ğini), ღენი (ğeni); ღვენი (ğveni)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xmf",
            "2": "ღვინი",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Mingrelian: ღვინი (ɣvini)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mingrelian: ღვინი (ɣvini)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sva",
            "2": "ღუ̂ინელ",
            "alts": "1",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Svan: ღუ̂ინელ (ɣûinel), ღუ̂ინა̈ლ (ɣûinäl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Svan: ღუ̂ინელ (ɣûinel), ღუ̂ინა̈ლ (ɣûinäl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cau-abz-pro",
            "2": "*aʕʷә",
            "alt": "*a-ʕʷә",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza: *a-ʕʷә\n⇒ Abaza: гӏва-дза (ʻʷa-dza)\nAbkhaz: аҩы (ajʷə)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza: *a-ʕʷә\n⇒ Abaza: гӏва-дза (ʻʷa-dza)\nAbkhaz: аҩы (ajʷə)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wéyh₁ō",
        "4": "*wéyh₁ō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁ō",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-wes-pro",
        "2": "*wayn-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Semitic *wayn-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xag",
        "2": "𐕔𐔼"
      },
      "expansion": "Aghwan 𐕔𐔼 (fi)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bbl",
        "2": "ვენ",
        "3": "ვეჼ"
      },
      "expansion": "Bats ვეჼ (vẽ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xht",
        "t": "wine-bearer",
        "tr": "finduqqaram"
      },
      "expansion": "Hattic [script needed] (finduqqaram, “wine-bearer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "hyx-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Armenian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գինի",
        "t": "wine"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գինի (gini, “wine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "",
        "3": "գինւոյ"
      },
      "expansion": "գինւոյ (ginwoy)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣʷeinyo-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣʷeinyo-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣʷino-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣʷino-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gwīníyo-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gwīníyo-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*w"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *w",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣʷ"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣʷ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣw"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣw",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wéh₁itis",
        "3": "*wi(H)-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wi(H)-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣʷi-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Armenian *ɣʷi-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գի",
        "3": "",
        "4": "juniper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գի (gi, “juniper”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "*ɣwiw-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *ɣwiw-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գինի"
      },
      "expansion": "գինի (gini)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "*ɣun-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣun- (“to bend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "ღუნვა"
      },
      "expansion": "ღუნვა (ɣunva)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "გადაღუნავს"
      },
      "expansion": "გადაღუნავს (gadaɣunavs)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
        "2": "*wenaq-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan *wenaq-",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oge",
        "2": "ვაზი"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Georgian ვაზი (vazi)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sva",
        "2": "ღვინელ",
        "3": "ღვინ-ელ"
      },
      "expansion": "ღვინ-ელ (ɣvin-el)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sva",
        "2": "ღვინა̈ლ",
        "3": "ღვინ-ა̈ლ"
      },
      "expansion": "ღვინ-ა̈ლ (ɣvin-äl)",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Usually considered a borrowing from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁ō.. However, the nature of relationship with it, as well as with Proto-West Semitic *wayn-, Aghwan 𐕔𐔼 (fi), Bats ვეჼ (vẽ), and the first part of Hattic [script needed] (finduqqaram, “wine-bearer”) may be more complicated.\nAccording to many, the borrowing occured via the (Pre-)Proto-Armenian ancestor of Old Armenian գինի (gini, “wine”), genitive գինւոյ (ginwoy), variously reconstructed as *ɣʷeinyo-, *ɣʷino- or *gwīníyo-. Martirosyan describes the sound change Proto-Indo-European *w → Proto-Armenian *ɣʷ → Kartvelian *ɣw as impeccable and observes it also in Proto-Indo-European *wi(H)- → Proto-Armenian *ɣʷi- (→ Old Armenian գի (gi, “juniper”)) → Proto-Kartvelian *ɣwiw-. According to others, however, the term was borrowed directly from Proto-Indo-European; for example, Klimov (1998) agrees with the ultimate Proto-Indo-European origin of the word but denies derivation from Old Armenian գինի (gini), citing Diakonoff: \"It cannot go back to Armenian gini because the change *w → g probably must have been accomplished there long before the first Kartvelian-Armenian contacts in the 7th–6th centuries B.C.\".\nFähnrich, rejecting the Indo-European origin considered the word to be a native South Caucasian formation derived from the Proto-Kartvelian verbal root *ɣun- (“to bend”) (whence Georgian ღუნვა (ɣunva), გადაღუნავს (gadaɣunavs), etc).\nEven though agrohistorians regard the Caucasus and vicinity as the cradle of grape-growing and winemaking, this has not prevented Kartvelians from borrowing wine-related terminology from Indo-Europeans, for example in the cases of Proto-Georgian-Zan *wenaq- and Old Georgian ვაზი (vazi).\nThe ending of Svan ღვინ-ელ (ɣvin-el), ღვინ-ა̈ლ (ɣvin-äl) represents a petrified diminutive affix.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ɣwin (o)-",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "head": "*ɣwin(o)-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣwin(o)-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Kartvelian",
  "lang_code": "ccs-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ɣwino-",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Kartvelian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wine"
      ],
      "id": "en-ɣwino--ccs-pro-noun-MsT-7Zlo",
      "links": [
        [
          "wine",
          "wine"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Birgit Anette Olsen",
        "Mate Kapović"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ɣwino-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Georgian-Zan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "oge",
            "2": "ღჳნო"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Georgian: ღჳნო (ɣwino)\nGeorgian: ღვინო (ɣvino), ღუ̈ნეჲ (ɣüney); ღინო (ɣino)\n→ Avar: гъино (ğino), гъвину (ğʷinu) — Antsukh\n→ Bezhta: гъино (ğino)\n→ Hinukh: гъино (ġino)\n→ Hunzib: гъино (ġino)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Georgian: ღჳნო (ɣwino)\nGeorgian: ღვინო (ɣvino), ღუ̈ნეჲ (ɣüney); ღინო (ɣino)\n→ Avar: гъино (ğino), гъвину (ğʷinu) — Antsukh\n→ Bezhta: гъино (ğino)\n→ Hinukh: гъино (ġino)\n→ Hunzib: гъино (ġino)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Zan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lzz",
            "2": "ღვინი",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Laz: ღვინი (ğvini), ყვინი (qvini); ღინი (ğini), ღენი (ğeni); ღვენი (ğveni)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Laz: ღვინი (ğvini), ყვინი (qvini); ღინი (ğini), ღენი (ğeni); ღვენი (ğveni)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xmf",
            "2": "ღვინი",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Mingrelian: ღვინი (ɣvini)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Mingrelian: ღვინი (ɣvini)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sva",
            "2": "ღუ̂ინელ",
            "alts": "1",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Svan: ღუ̂ინელ (ɣûinel), ღუ̂ინა̈ლ (ɣûinäl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Svan: ღუ̂ინელ (ɣûinel), ღუ̂ინა̈ლ (ɣûinäl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cau-abz-pro",
            "2": "*aʕʷә",
            "alt": "*a-ʕʷә",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza: *a-ʕʷә\n⇒ Abaza: гӏва-дза (ʻʷa-dza)\nAbkhaz: аҩы (ajʷə)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza: *a-ʕʷә\n⇒ Abaza: гӏва-дза (ʻʷa-dza)\nAbkhaz: аҩы (ajʷə)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wéyh₁ō",
        "4": "*wéyh₁ō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁ō",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sem-wes-pro",
        "2": "*wayn-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Semitic *wayn-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xag",
        "2": "𐕔𐔼"
      },
      "expansion": "Aghwan 𐕔𐔼 (fi)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bbl",
        "2": "ვენ",
        "3": "ვეჼ"
      },
      "expansion": "Bats ვეჼ (vẽ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xht",
        "t": "wine-bearer",
        "tr": "finduqqaram"
      },
      "expansion": "Hattic [script needed] (finduqqaram, “wine-bearer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "hyx-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Armenian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գինի",
        "t": "wine"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գինի (gini, “wine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "",
        "3": "գինւոյ"
      },
      "expansion": "գինւոյ (ginwoy)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣʷeinyo-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣʷeinyo-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣʷino-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣʷino-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gwīníyo-"
      },
      "expansion": "*gwīníyo-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*w"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *w",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣʷ"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣʷ",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣw"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣw",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wéh₁itis",
        "3": "*wi(H)-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wi(H)-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hyx-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣʷi-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Armenian *ɣʷi-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գի",
        "3": "",
        "4": "juniper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian գի (gi, “juniper”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "*ɣwiw-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *ɣwiw-",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "գինի"
      },
      "expansion": "գինի (gini)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "*ɣun-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣun- (“to bend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "ღუნვა"
      },
      "expansion": "ღუნვა (ɣunva)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ka",
        "2": "გადაღუნავს"
      },
      "expansion": "გადაღუნავს (gadaɣunavs)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
        "2": "*wenaq-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan *wenaq-",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oge",
        "2": "ვაზი"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Georgian ვაზი (vazi)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sva",
        "2": "ღვინელ",
        "3": "ღვინ-ელ"
      },
      "expansion": "ღვინ-ელ (ɣvin-el)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sva",
        "2": "ღვინა̈ლ",
        "3": "ღვინ-ა̈ლ"
      },
      "expansion": "ღვინ-ა̈ლ (ɣvin-äl)",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Usually considered a borrowing from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁ō.. However, the nature of relationship with it, as well as with Proto-West Semitic *wayn-, Aghwan 𐕔𐔼 (fi), Bats ვეჼ (vẽ), and the first part of Hattic [script needed] (finduqqaram, “wine-bearer”) may be more complicated.\nAccording to many, the borrowing occured via the (Pre-)Proto-Armenian ancestor of Old Armenian գինի (gini, “wine”), genitive գինւոյ (ginwoy), variously reconstructed as *ɣʷeinyo-, *ɣʷino- or *gwīníyo-. Martirosyan describes the sound change Proto-Indo-European *w → Proto-Armenian *ɣʷ → Kartvelian *ɣw as impeccable and observes it also in Proto-Indo-European *wi(H)- → Proto-Armenian *ɣʷi- (→ Old Armenian գի (gi, “juniper”)) → Proto-Kartvelian *ɣwiw-. According to others, however, the term was borrowed directly from Proto-Indo-European; for example, Klimov (1998) agrees with the ultimate Proto-Indo-European origin of the word but denies derivation from Old Armenian գինի (gini), citing Diakonoff: \"It cannot go back to Armenian gini because the change *w → g probably must have been accomplished there long before the first Kartvelian-Armenian contacts in the 7th–6th centuries B.C.\".\nFähnrich, rejecting the Indo-European origin considered the word to be a native South Caucasian formation derived from the Proto-Kartvelian verbal root *ɣun- (“to bend”) (whence Georgian ღუნვა (ɣunva), გადაღუნავს (gadaɣunavs), etc).\nEven though agrohistorians regard the Caucasus and vicinity as the cradle of grape-growing and winemaking, this has not prevented Kartvelians from borrowing wine-related terminology from Indo-Europeans, for example in the cases of Proto-Georgian-Zan *wenaq- and Old Georgian ვაზი (vazi).\nThe ending of Svan ღვინ-ელ (ɣvin-el), ღვინ-ა̈ლ (ɣvin-äl) represents a petrified diminutive affix.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ɣwin (o)-",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "head": "*ɣwin(o)-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɣwin(o)-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Kartvelian",
  "lang_code": "ccs-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ɣwino-",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Indo-European links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Proto-Kartvelian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Kartvelian lemmas",
        "Proto-Kartvelian nouns",
        "Proto-Kartvelian terms borrowed from Proto-Armenian",
        "Proto-Kartvelian terms borrowed from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Kartvelian terms derived from Proto-Armenian",
        "Proto-Kartvelian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Requests for native script for Hattic terms",
        "ccs-pro:Wine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "wine"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wine",
          "wine"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Birgit Anette Olsen",
        "Mate Kapović"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ɣwino-"
}