See ŋwa on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ŋwa meaning in All languages combined (6.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 牛 (niú) /*ŋʷə/ (B-S), /*ŋʷɯ/ (ZS) (\"cattle\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "(in the oracle bone script)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ii",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Nuosu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Nuosu",
"2": "ꑛ (nyu, “cow, ox (for traditional calendar dates)”)",
"l": "y"
},
"expansion": "→Nuosu: ꑛ (nyu, “cow, ox (for traditional calendar dates)”)",
"name": "sit-loan"
}
],
"text": "→Nuosu: ꑛ (nyu, “cow, ox (for traditional calendar dates)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Beijing: 牛 (niú) (niú, /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cantonese"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Guangzhou: 牛 (niú) /ŋɐu²¹/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Wu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Shanghai: 牛 (ȵiɜ²³)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min Nan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "colloquial"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "literary"
},
"expansion": "(literary)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Taiwan: 牛 (gu²⁴ (colloquial), giu²⁴ (literary))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နွား",
"t": "cattle"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: နွား (nwa:, “cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: နွား (nwa:, “cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lsi",
"2": "no³³",
"t": "year of the ox"
},
"expansion": "Lashi: no³³ (“year of the ox”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lashi: no³³ (“year of the ox”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꆈꑌ (nuo nyi, “beef cow”), ꒈꑌ (yyx nyi, “water buffalo”), ꑍꃀ (nyip mop, “cow”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lkc",
"2": "nv³¹ ȵi³³",
"t": "ox, cattle"
},
"expansion": "Kucong: nv³¹ ȵi³³ (“ox, cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kucong: nv³¹ ȵi³³ (“ox, cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lhu",
"2": "nu⁵³",
"t": "year of the ox"
},
"expansion": "Lahu: nu⁵³ (“year of the ox”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lahu: nu⁵³ (“year of the ox”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷṓws",
"3": "",
"4": "cattle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "English cow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "งัว",
"tr": "ngua"
},
"expansion": "Thai งัว (ngua)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ງົວ",
"3": "",
"4": "bullock, cow"
},
"expansion": "Lao ງົວ (ngūa, “bullock, cow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ngwjəɣ (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋwa (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; LaPolla, 1987); *ngwa(*B) (Coblin, 1986)\nSome have noticed a similarity with Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”) (whence English cow, Latin bōs) (Koenraad, 1999; Chang, 1988).\nCompare Thai งัว (ngua) / วัว (wua, “bullock, cow”), Lao ງົວ (ngūa, “bullock, cow”). Because of the restricted geographic distribution of this Tai etymon, Benedict (1972) suspects Chinese to be a loan from Tai: Li (1976) concludes the Tai item is not a loan from Chinese as it is not found in northern Tai dialects. The relationship between this PST root and the Tai comparanda remains unclear.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*ŋwa"
},
"expansion": "*ŋwa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋwa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:Sinoxenic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cattle, ox"
],
"id": "en-ŋwa-sit-pro-noun-SnpFFGgl",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ŋwa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "awg",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ŋwa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Anguthimri",
"lang_code": "awg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anguthimri entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sun"
],
"id": "en-ŋwa-awg-noun-J3VvBQ4U",
"links": [
[
"sun",
"sun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mpakwithi) sun"
],
"tags": [
"Mpakwithi"
]
}
],
"word": "ŋwa"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "awg",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ŋwa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Anguthimri",
"lang_code": "awg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Anguthimri entries with incorrect language header",
"Anguthimri lemmas",
"Anguthimri nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"sun"
],
"links": [
[
"sun",
"sun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mpakwithi) sun"
],
"tags": [
"Mpakwithi"
]
}
],
"word": "ŋwa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 牛 (niú) /*ŋʷə/ (B-S), /*ŋʷɯ/ (ZS) (\"cattle\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "(in the oracle bone script)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ii",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Nuosu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Nuosu",
"2": "ꑛ (nyu, “cow, ox (for traditional calendar dates)”)",
"l": "y"
},
"expansion": "→Nuosu: ꑛ (nyu, “cow, ox (for traditional calendar dates)”)",
"name": "sit-loan"
}
],
"text": "→Nuosu: ꑛ (nyu, “cow, ox (for traditional calendar dates)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Modern Mandarin"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Beijing: 牛 (niú) (niú, /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Cantonese"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Guangzhou: 牛 (niú) /ŋɐu²¹/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Wu"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Shanghai: 牛 (ȵiɜ²³)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Min Nan"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "colloquial"
},
"expansion": "(colloquial)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "literary"
},
"expansion": "(literary)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Taiwan: 牛 (gu²⁴ (colloquial), giu²⁴ (literary))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နွား",
"t": "cattle"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: နွား (nwa:, “cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: နွား (nwa:, “cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lsi",
"2": "no³³",
"t": "year of the ox"
},
"expansion": "Lashi: no³³ (“year of the ox”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lashi: no³³ (“year of the ox”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꆈꑌ (nuo nyi, “beef cow”), ꒈꑌ (yyx nyi, “water buffalo”), ꑍꃀ (nyip mop, “cow”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lkc",
"2": "nv³¹ ȵi³³",
"t": "ox, cattle"
},
"expansion": "Kucong: nv³¹ ȵi³³ (“ox, cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kucong: nv³¹ ȵi³³ (“ox, cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lhu",
"2": "nu⁵³",
"t": "year of the ox"
},
"expansion": "Lahu: nu⁵³ (“year of the ox”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lahu: nu⁵³ (“year of the ox”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷṓws",
"3": "",
"4": "cattle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "English cow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "งัว",
"tr": "ngua"
},
"expansion": "Thai งัว (ngua)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ງົວ",
"3": "",
"4": "bullock, cow"
},
"expansion": "Lao ງົວ (ngūa, “bullock, cow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ngwjəɣ (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋwa (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; LaPolla, 1987); *ngwa(*B) (Coblin, 1986)\nSome have noticed a similarity with Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”) (whence English cow, Latin bōs) (Koenraad, 1999; Chang, 1988).\nCompare Thai งัว (ngua) / วัว (wua, “bullock, cow”), Lao ງົວ (ngūa, “bullock, cow”). Because of the restricted geographic distribution of this Tai etymon, Benedict (1972) suspects Chinese to be a loan from Tai: Li (1976) concludes the Tai item is not a loan from Chinese as it is not found in northern Tai dialects. The relationship between this PST root and the Tai comparanda remains unclear.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*ŋwa"
},
"expansion": "*ŋwa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋwa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:Sinoxenic",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan nouns",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan terms with redundant head parameter",
"Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
"sit-pro:Animals"
],
"glosses": [
"cattle, ox"
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ŋwa"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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