See ŋwə on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "牛",
"t": "cattle",
"tr": "OC /*ŋʷə/ (B-S), /*ŋʷɯ/ (ZS)"
},
"expansion": "Chinese: 牛 (OC /*ŋʷə/ (B-S), /*ŋʷɯ/ (ZS), “cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Chinese: 牛 (OC /*ŋʷə/ (B-S), /*ŋʷɯ/ (ZS), “cattle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နွား",
"t": "cattle"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: နွား (nwa:, “cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: နွား (nwa:, “cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lsi",
"2": "no³³",
"t": "year of the ox"
},
"expansion": "Lashi: no³³ (“year of the ox”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lashi: no³³ (“year of the ox”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꆈꑌ (nuo nyi, “beef cow”), ꒈꑌ (yyx nyi, “water buffalo”), ꑍꃀ (nyip mop, “cow”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lkc",
"2": "nv³¹ ȵi³³",
"t": "ox, cattle"
},
"expansion": "Kucong: nv³¹ ȵi³³ (“ox, cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kucong: nv³¹ ȵi³³ (“ox, cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lhu",
"2": "nu⁵³",
"t": "year of the ox"
},
"expansion": "Lahu: nu⁵³ (“year of the ox”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lahu: nu⁵³ (“year of the ox”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷṓws",
"3": "",
"4": "cattle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "English cow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "งัว",
"tr": "ngua"
},
"expansion": "Thai งัว (ngua)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ງົວ",
"3": "",
"4": "bullock, cow"
},
"expansion": "Lao ງົວ (ngūa, “bullock, cow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ngwjəɣ (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋwa (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; LaPolla, 1987); *ngwa(*B) (Coblin, 1986)\nSome have noticed a similarity with Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”) (whence English cow, Latin bōs) (Koenraad, 1999; Chang, 1988).\nCompare Thai งัว (ngua) / วัว (wua, “bullock, cow”), Lao ງົວ (ngūa, “bullock, cow”). Because of the restricted geographic distribution of this Tai etymon, Benedict (1972) suspects Chinese to be a loan from Tai: Li (1976) concludes the Tai item is not a loan from Chinese as it is not found in northern Tai dialects. The relationship between this PST root and the Tai comparanda remains unclear.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*ŋwə"
},
"expansion": "*ŋwə",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋwə",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cattle, ox"
],
"id": "en-ŋwə-sit-pro-noun-SnpFFGgl",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ŋwə"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "牛",
"t": "cattle",
"tr": "OC /*ŋʷə/ (B-S), /*ŋʷɯ/ (ZS)"
},
"expansion": "Chinese: 牛 (OC /*ŋʷə/ (B-S), /*ŋʷɯ/ (ZS), “cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Chinese: 牛 (OC /*ŋʷə/ (B-S), /*ŋʷɯ/ (ZS), “cattle”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နွား",
"t": "cattle"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: နွား (nwa:, “cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Written Burmese: နွား (nwa:, “cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lsi",
"2": "no³³",
"t": "year of the ox"
},
"expansion": "Lashi: no³³ (“year of the ox”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lashi: no³³ (“year of the ox”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꆈꑌ (nuo nyi, “beef cow”), ꒈꑌ (yyx nyi, “water buffalo”), ꑍꃀ (nyip mop, “cow”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lkc",
"2": "nv³¹ ȵi³³",
"t": "ox, cattle"
},
"expansion": "Kucong: nv³¹ ȵi³³ (“ox, cattle”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kucong: nv³¹ ȵi³³ (“ox, cattle”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lhu",
"2": "nu⁵³",
"t": "year of the ox"
},
"expansion": "Lahu: nu⁵³ (“year of the ox”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lahu: nu⁵³ (“year of the ox”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷṓws",
"3": "",
"4": "cattle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "English cow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "งัว",
"tr": "ngua"
},
"expansion": "Thai งัว (ngua)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ງົວ",
"3": "",
"4": "bullock, cow"
},
"expansion": "Lao ງົວ (ngūa, “bullock, cow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ngwjəɣ (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋwa (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; LaPolla, 1987); *ngwa(*B) (Coblin, 1986)\nSome have noticed a similarity with Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”) (whence English cow, Latin bōs) (Koenraad, 1999; Chang, 1988).\nCompare Thai งัว (ngua) / วัว (wua, “bullock, cow”), Lao ງົວ (ngūa, “bullock, cow”). Because of the restricted geographic distribution of this Tai etymon, Benedict (1972) suspects Chinese to be a loan from Tai: Li (1976) concludes the Tai item is not a loan from Chinese as it is not found in northern Tai dialects. The relationship between this PST root and the Tai comparanda remains unclear.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*ŋwə"
},
"expansion": "*ŋwə",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋwə",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan nouns",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan terms with redundant head parameter",
"sit-pro:Animals"
],
"glosses": [
"cattle, ox"
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"ox",
"ox"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ŋwə"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ŋwə meaning in All languages combined (3.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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