See ŋa-j ~ ka on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 吾 /*ŋˤa/ (B-S); /*ŋaː/ (ZS) (\"I\"), 我 /*ŋˤajʔ/ (B-S); /*ŋaːlʔ/ (ZS) (\"I\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "(Note: Gong Hwang-cherng (Gong Huangcheng) argued that the distinction between 吾 and 我 was that of the nominative/accusative or subject/oblique cases. 吾 (*ŋag in his reconstruction) was the nominative case pronoun, and 我 (*ŋal) was the accusative case pronoun.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "我"
},
"expansion": "我",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"text": "(我 in the oracle bone script)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kamarupan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodo-Garo = Barish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodo:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dis",
"2": "ang"
},
"expansion": "Dimasa: ang",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dimasa: ang"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "aŋ",
"3": "anga"
},
"expansion": "Garo: aŋ, anga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Garo: aŋ, anga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xkz",
"2": "ངད",
"tr": "ngat"
},
"expansion": "Kurtöp: ངད (ngat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kurtöp: ངད (ngat)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ང",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: ང (nga, “I”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tibetan: ང (nga, “I”) /ŋa˩˨/"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mahakiranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Kiranti = Rai"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rab",
"2": "ka-ŋa"
},
"expansion": "Chamling: ka-ŋa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chamling: ka-ŋa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lif",
"2": "ᤀᤅ",
"tr": "aṅa"
},
"expansion": "Limbu: ᤀᤅ (aṅa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limbu: ᤀᤅ (aṅa) /əŋa/"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wly",
"2": "aŋ-ka"
},
"expansion": "Waling: aŋ-ka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waling: aŋ-ka"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybi",
"2": "का"
},
"expansion": "Yamphu: का (kā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yamphu: का (kā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kle",
"2": "aŋ"
},
"expansion": "Kulung: aŋ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kulung: aŋ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tangut-Qiang"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Tangut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗧓",
"t": "I, me"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𗧓 (*ŋa², “I, me”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𗧓 (*ŋa², “I, me”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrongic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-sit",
"2": "ŋa",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Situ: ŋa (“I”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Situ: ŋa (“I”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-zbu",
"2": "ŋəʔ",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Zbu: ŋəʔ (“I”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zbu: ŋəʔ (“I”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho-Asakian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nungic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nun",
"2": "ŋa"
},
"expansion": "Anong: ŋa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anong: ŋa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-kuk-pro",
"2": "*kaj ~ kaj-maʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ (VanBik, 2009)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Chin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "ka",
"3": "kei"
},
"expansion": "Mizo: ka, kei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mizo: ka, kei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-lob-pro",
"2": "*ŋa¹"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *ŋa¹",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *ŋa¹ (Weidert, 1987)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish: *C-ŋa¹/ (Bradley, 1979)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ငါ",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ငါ (nga, “I”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: ငါ (nga, “I”) /ŋà/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-lol-pro",
"2": "*C-ŋa¹"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Loloish: *C-ŋa¹",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Loloish: *C-ŋa¹"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꉢ (nga), ꉡ (ngax, “I, me”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Naic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nmy",
"2": "nga"
},
"expansion": "Namuyi: nga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Namuyi: nga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tan-pro",
"2": "*ŋoo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tani: *ŋoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tani: *ŋoo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "njz",
"2": "ngo"
},
"expansion": "Nyishi: ngo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nyishi: ngo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tgm",
"2": "ŋoo"
},
"expansion": "Tangam: ŋoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangam: ŋoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-kuk-pro",
"2": "*kay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *kay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *kay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khomic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnk",
"2": "kai"
},
"expansion": "Khumi Chin: kai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khumi Chin: kai"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khb-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kho-Bwa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kho-Bwa:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khw-pro",
"2": "*ga"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *ga",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *ga (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khp-pro",
"2": "*goo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Puroik: *goo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Puroik: *goo (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ngaɣ/ngay (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋa (Chou, 1972; Benedict, 1972); *ŋɑ (Chou, 1972); *ŋay (Benedict, 1972); *ŋǎy (Matisoff, 1985); *ŋay (Weidert, 1987); *ka ⪤ ŋa (LaPolla, 1987); *ŋa-y (Matisoff, 2003); *ŋa-y ⪤ *ka (Matisoff, STEDT)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "roots"
},
"expansion": "*ŋa-j ~ ka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋa-j ~ ka",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I, me"
],
"id": "en-ŋa-j_~_ka-sit-pro-pron-QtscG1eb",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ŋa-j ~ ka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Chinese: 吾 /*ŋˤa/ (B-S); /*ŋaː/ (ZS) (\"I\"), 我 /*ŋˤajʔ/ (B-S); /*ŋaːlʔ/ (ZS) (\"I\")"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "(Note: Gong Hwang-cherng (Gong Huangcheng) argued that the distinction between 吾 and 我 was that of the nominative/accusative or subject/oblique cases. 吾 (*ŋag in his reconstruction) was the nominative case pronoun, and 我 (*ŋal) was the accusative case pronoun.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "我"
},
"expansion": "我",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"text": "(我 in the oracle bone script)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kamarupan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodo-Garo = Barish"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodo:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dis",
"2": "ang"
},
"expansion": "Dimasa: ang",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dimasa: ang"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "aŋ",
"3": "anga"
},
"expansion": "Garo: aŋ, anga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Garo: aŋ, anga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Himalayish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tibeto-Kanauri"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Bodic"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xkz",
"2": "ངད",
"tr": "ngat"
},
"expansion": "Kurtöp: ངད (ngat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kurtöp: ངད (ngat)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ང",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Tibetan: ང (nga, “I”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tibetan: ང (nga, “I”) /ŋa˩˨/"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mahakiranti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Eastern Kiranti = Rai"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rab",
"2": "ka-ŋa"
},
"expansion": "Chamling: ka-ŋa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chamling: ka-ŋa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lif",
"2": "ᤀᤅ",
"tr": "aṅa"
},
"expansion": "Limbu: ᤀᤅ (aṅa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limbu: ᤀᤅ (aṅa) /əŋa/"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wly",
"2": "aŋ-ka"
},
"expansion": "Waling: aŋ-ka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waling: aŋ-ka"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ybi",
"2": "का"
},
"expansion": "Yamphu: का (kā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yamphu: का (kā)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Western Kiranti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kle",
"2": "aŋ"
},
"expansion": "Kulung: aŋ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kulung: aŋ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tangut-Qiang"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Tangut"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txg",
"2": "𗧓",
"t": "I, me"
},
"expansion": "Tangut: 𗧓 (*ŋa², “I, me”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangut: 𗧓 (*ŋa², “I, me”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "rGyalrongic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-sit",
"2": "ŋa",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Situ: ŋa (“I”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Situ: ŋa (“I”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-zbu",
"2": "ŋəʔ",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Zbu: ŋəʔ (“I”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zbu: ŋəʔ (“I”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Jingpho-Asakian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Nungic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nun",
"2": "ŋa"
},
"expansion": "Anong: ŋa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Anong: ŋa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-kuk-pro",
"2": "*kaj ~ kaj-maʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ (VanBik, 2009)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Chin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lus",
"2": "ka",
"3": "kei"
},
"expansion": "Mizo: ka, kei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mizo: ka, kei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lolo-Burmese-Naxi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-lob-pro",
"2": "*ŋa¹"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *ŋa¹",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Lolo-Burmese: *ŋa¹ (Weidert, 1987)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Burmish: *C-ŋa¹/ (Bradley, 1979)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ငါ",
"t": "I"
},
"expansion": "Burmese: ငါ (nga, “I”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Burmese: ငါ (nga, “I”) /ŋà/"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-lol-pro",
"2": "*C-ŋa¹"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Loloish: *C-ŋa¹",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Loloish: *C-ŋa¹"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Loloish"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yi (Liangshan): ꉢ (nga), ꉡ (ngax, “I, me”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Naic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nmy",
"2": "nga"
},
"expansion": "Namuyi: nga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Namuyi: nga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tan-pro",
"2": "*ŋoo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tani: *ŋoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tani: *ŋoo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "njz",
"2": "ngo"
},
"expansion": "Nyishi: ngo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nyishi: ngo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-tgm",
"2": "ŋoo"
},
"expansion": "Tangam: ŋoo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tangam: ŋoo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tbq-kuk-pro",
"2": "*kay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *kay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kuki-Chin: *kay"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Khomic"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnk",
"2": "kai"
},
"expansion": "Khumi Chin: kai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khumi Chin: kai"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khb-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kho-Bwa:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Kho-Bwa:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khw-pro",
"2": "*ga"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *ga",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Western Kho-Bwa: *ga (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-khp-pro",
"2": "*goo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Puroik: *goo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Puroik: *goo (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ngaɣ/ngay (Coblin, 1986)\n** Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ŋa (Chou, 1972; Benedict, 1972); *ŋɑ (Chou, 1972); *ŋay (Benedict, 1972); *ŋǎy (Matisoff, 1985); *ŋay (Weidert, 1987); *ka ⪤ ŋa (LaPolla, 1987); *ŋa-y (Matisoff, 2003); *ŋa-y ⪤ *ka (Matisoff, STEDT)",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sit-pro",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "roots"
},
"expansion": "*ŋa-j ~ ka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan",
"lang_code": "sit-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ŋa-j ~ ka",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemmas",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan pronouns",
"Proto-Sino-Tibetan roots"
],
"glosses": [
"I, me"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ŋa-j ~ ka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ŋa-j ~ ka meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.