þrowian in All languages combined

IPA: /ˈθroː.wi.ɑn/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *þrōēn. Cognate with Old High German druoen. Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*þrōēn}} Proto-West Germanic *þrōēn, {{cog|goh|druoen}} Old High German druoen Head templates: {{ang-verb|þrōwian}} þrōwian Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|þrōwian<w2>}} Forms: þrōwian [canonical], weak [table-tags], þrōwian [infinitive], þrōwienne [infinitive], þrōwiġe [first-person, present, singular], þrōwode [first-person, past, singular], þrōwast [present, second-person, singular], þrōwodest [past, second-person, singular], þrōwaþ [present, singular, third-person], þrōwode [past, singular, third-person], þrōwiaþ [plural, present], þrōwodon [past, plural], þrōwiġe [present, singular], þrōwode [past, singular], þrōwiġen [plural, present], þrōwoden [past, plural], þrōwa [imperative, past, present, singular], þrōwiaþ [imperative, past, plural, present], þrōwiende [imperative, present], þrōwod [imperative, past], ġeþrōwod [imperative, past]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to suffer",
      "word": "ġeþrōwian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "to sympathize",
      "word": "efnþrōwian"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "suffering",
      "word": "þrōwung"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "scorpion, martyr",
      "word": "þrōwend"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "throe"
          },
          "expansion": "English: throe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: throe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þrōēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þrōēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "druoen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German druoen",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þrōēn. Cognate with Old High German druoen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "þrōwian",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwian",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwienne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwodest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwodon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiġen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwoden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġeþrōwod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þrōwian"
      },
      "expansion": "þrōwian",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þrōwian<w2>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              83,
              89
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              91,
              98
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I can utter a true tale about myself,\ntell goings on how I by days of hardship\noft tholed the times of hardship,\nhave withstood bitter sorrow,",
          "ref": "10th century, The Seafarer:",
          "text": "Mæġ iċ be mē sylfum · sōðġied wrecan,\nsīþas seċġan, · hū iċ ġeswincdagum\nearfoðhwīle · oft þrōwade,\nbitre brēostċeare · ġebiden hæbbe,",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to suffer, endure"
      ],
      "id": "en-þrowian-ang-verb-UMzU6OIk",
      "links": [
        [
          "suffer",
          "suffer"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 90",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 93",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be martyred"
      ],
      "id": "en-þrowian-ang-verb-v6FpijYc"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθroː.wi.ɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þrowian"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English class 2 weak verbs",
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "to suffer",
      "word": "ġeþrōwian"
    },
    {
      "english": "to sympathize",
      "word": "efnþrōwian"
    },
    {
      "english": "suffering",
      "word": "þrōwung"
    },
    {
      "english": "scorpion, martyr",
      "word": "þrōwend"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "throe"
          },
          "expansion": "English: throe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: throe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*þrōēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þrōēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "druoen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German druoen",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *þrōēn. Cognate with Old High German druoen.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "þrōwian",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwian",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwienne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwodest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwodon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiġen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwoden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwa",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwiende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrōwod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġeþrōwod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þrōwian"
      },
      "expansion": "þrōwian",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "þrōwian<w2>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              83,
              89
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              91,
              98
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I can utter a true tale about myself,\ntell goings on how I by days of hardship\noft tholed the times of hardship,\nhave withstood bitter sorrow,",
          "ref": "10th century, The Seafarer:",
          "text": "Mæġ iċ be mē sylfum · sōðġied wrecan,\nsīþas seċġan, · hū iċ ġeswincdagum\nearfoðhwīle · oft þrōwade,\nbitre brēostċeare · ġebiden hæbbe,",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to suffer, endure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "suffer",
          "suffer"
        ],
        [
          "endure",
          "endure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be martyred"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθroː.wi.ɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þrowian"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"þrowian" meaning in All languages combined

Verb [Old English]