"æfter" meaning in All languages combined

See æfter on Wiktionary

Adverb [Old English]

IPA: /ˈæf.ter/
Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *after, whence also Old High German aftar, Old Norse aptr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), comparative form of *h₂epó (“off, behind”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*after}} Proto-Germanic *after, {{cog|goh|aftar}} Old High German aftar, {{cog|non|aptr}} Old Norse aptr, {{inh|ang|ine-pro|*h₂epoteros||further behind, further away}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), {{m|ine-pro|*h₂epó||off, behind}} *h₂epó (“off, behind”) Head templates: {{ang-adv}} æfter
  1. after
    Sense id: en-æfter-ang-adv-85WSOT7w Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header, Old English prepositions Disambiguation of Old English entries with incorrect language header: 29 19 29 19 4 Disambiguation of Old English prepositions: 26 20 26 20 8
  2. behind
    Sense id: en-æfter-ang-adv-sbiGzl9X Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header, Old English prepositions Disambiguation of Old English entries with incorrect language header: 29 19 29 19 4 Disambiguation of Old English prepositions: 26 20 26 20 8
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: æftær [Anglian], efter, æftyr, eftyr, æftar, æftar — Northumbrian

Preposition [Old English]

IPA: /ˈæf.ter/
Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *after, whence also Old High German aftar, Old Norse aptr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), comparative form of *h₂epó (“off, behind”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*after}} Proto-Germanic *after, {{cog|goh|aftar}} Old High German aftar, {{cog|non|aptr}} Old Norse aptr, {{inh|ang|ine-pro|*h₂epoteros||further behind, further away}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), {{m|ine-pro|*h₂epó||off, behind}} *h₂epó (“off, behind”) Head templates: {{head|ang|preposition|head=|sort=}} æfter, {{ang-prep}} æfter
  1. after
    Sense id: en-æfter-ang-prep-85WSOT7w Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header, Old English prepositions Disambiguation of Old English entries with incorrect language header: 29 19 29 19 4 Disambiguation of Old English prepositions: 26 20 26 20 8
  2. behind
    Sense id: en-æfter-ang-prep-sbiGzl9X Categories (other): Old English entries with incorrect language header, Old English prepositions Disambiguation of Old English entries with incorrect language header: 29 19 29 19 4 Disambiguation of Old English prepositions: 26 20 26 20 8
  3. according to
    Sense id: en-æfter-ang-prep-KWGm0cjc
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: æftær [Anglian], efter, æftyr, eftyr, æftar, æftar — Northumbrian

Download JSON data for æfter meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*after"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *after",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "aftar"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German aftar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "aptr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse aptr",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂epoteros",
        "4": "",
        "5": "further behind, further away"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂epó",
        "3": "",
        "4": "off, behind"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂epó (“off, behind”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *after, whence also Old High German aftar, Old Norse aptr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), comparative form of *h₂epó (“off, behind”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "preposition",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "æfter",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "æfter",
      "name": "ang-prep"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 19 29 19 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 20 26 20 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Then after three years since her conversion,...",
          "text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Saint Eugenia, Virgin\"\nÞa æfter þrym gearum þæs þe heo gecyrred wæs...",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
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      "id": "en-æfter-ang-prep-85WSOT7w",
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          "after"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 19 29 19 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 20 26 20 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "behind"
      ],
      "id": "en-æfter-ang-prep-sbiGzl9X",
      "links": [
        [
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          "behind"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We might more elaborately expound this holy text, according to the interpretation of Augustine, but we doubt whether ye can accurately judge of greater deepness therein; but let us with inward heart pray to the Almighty Ruler, who has gladdened us to-day with the manifold celebration of all his saints, that he grant us abundance of his mercy through their manifold intercessions, so that we ever in their sight may rejoice with them, as we now with transitory service honour them.",
          "text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Nativity of All Saints\"\nWe mihton ðas halgan rædinge menigfealdlicor trahtnian, æfter Augustines smeagunge, ac us twynað hwæðer ge magon maran deopnysse ðæron þearflice tocnawan; ac uton biddan mid inweardre heortan þone Ælmihtigan Wealdend, seðe ús mid menigfealdre mærsunge ealra his halgena nu to-dæg geblissode, þæt he us getiðige genihtsumnysse his miltsunge þurh heora menigfealdan þingrædena, þæt we on écere gesihðe mid him blission, swa swa we nu mid hwilwendlicere þenunge hí wurðiað.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "according to"
      ],
      "id": "en-æfter-ang-prep-KWGm0cjc",
      "links": [
        [
          "according to",
          "according to"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæf.ter/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Anglian"
      ],
      "word": "æftær"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "efter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "æftyr"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "eftyr"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "æftar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "æftar — Northumbrian"
    }
  ],
  "word": "æfter"
}

{
  "descendants": [
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      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "after",
            "3": "efter"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: after, efter",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: after, efter"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
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            "2": "after"
          },
          "expansion": "English: after",
          "name": "desc"
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      "text": "English: after"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
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          "args": {
            "1": "en-geo",
            "2": "efter"
          },
          "expansion": "Geordie English: efter",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Geordie English: efter"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
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          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "efter",
            "3": "eftir"
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          "expansion": "Scots: efter, eftir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: efter, eftir"
    }
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  "etymology_templates": [
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        "1": "ang",
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      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *after",
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    {
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      },
      "expansion": "Old High German aftar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
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      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse aptr",
      "name": "cog"
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        "3": "*h₂epoteros",
        "4": "",
        "5": "further behind, further away"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "3": "",
        "4": "off, behind"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂epó (“off, behind”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *after, whence also Old High German aftar, Old Norse aptr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), comparative form of *h₂epó (“off, behind”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "æfter",
      "name": "ang-adv"
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  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 19 29 19 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 20 26 20 8",
          "kind": "other",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "after"
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      "id": "en-æfter-ang-adv-85WSOT7w",
      "links": [
        [
          "after",
          "after"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 19 29 19 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 20 26 20 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English prepositions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "behind"
      ],
      "id": "en-æfter-ang-adv-sbiGzl9X",
      "links": [
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          "behind",
          "behind"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæf.ter/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Anglian"
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      "word": "æftær"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "efter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "æftyr"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "eftyr"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "æftar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "æftar — Northumbrian"
    }
  ],
  "word": "æfter"
}
{
  "categories": [
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    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English prepositions",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
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      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *after",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "aftar"
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      "expansion": "Old High German aftar",
      "name": "cog"
    },
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        "2": "aptr"
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      "expansion": "Old Norse aptr",
      "name": "cog"
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      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
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        "3": "*h₂epoteros",
        "4": "",
        "5": "further behind, further away"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂epó",
        "3": "",
        "4": "off, behind"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂epó (“off, behind”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *after, whence also Old High German aftar, Old Norse aptr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), comparative form of *h₂epó (“off, behind”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "preposition",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
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      "expansion": "æfter",
      "name": "head"
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "æfter",
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  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Then after three years since her conversion,...",
          "text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Saint Eugenia, Virgin\"\nÞa æfter þrym gearum þæs þe heo gecyrred wæs...",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
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        "behind"
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        [
          "behind",
          "behind"
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      "categories": [
        "Old English terms with quotations"
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      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We might more elaborately expound this holy text, according to the interpretation of Augustine, but we doubt whether ye can accurately judge of greater deepness therein; but let us with inward heart pray to the Almighty Ruler, who has gladdened us to-day with the manifold celebration of all his saints, that he grant us abundance of his mercy through their manifold intercessions, so that we ever in their sight may rejoice with them, as we now with transitory service honour them.",
          "text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Nativity of All Saints\"\nWe mihton ðas halgan rædinge menigfealdlicor trahtnian, æfter Augustines smeagunge, ac us twynað hwæðer ge magon maran deopnysse ðæron þearflice tocnawan; ac uton biddan mid inweardre heortan þone Ælmihtigan Wealdend, seðe ús mid menigfealdre mærsunge ealra his halgena nu to-dæg geblissode, þæt he us getiðige genihtsumnysse his miltsunge þurh heora menigfealdan þingrædena, þæt we on écere gesihðe mid him blission, swa swa we nu mid hwilwendlicere þenunge hí wurðiað.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
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        "according to"
      ],
      "links": [
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          "according to",
          "according to"
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæf.ter/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Anglian"
      ],
      "word": "æftær"
    },
    {
      "word": "efter"
    },
    {
      "word": "æftyr"
    },
    {
      "word": "eftyr"
    },
    {
      "word": "æftar"
    },
    {
      "word": "æftar — Northumbrian"
    }
  ],
  "word": "æfter"
}

{
  "categories": [
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    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English prepositions",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
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      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
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          "args": {
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            "2": "after",
            "3": "efter"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: after, efter",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: after, efter"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
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            "2": "after"
          },
          "expansion": "English: after",
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      "text": "English: after"
    },
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      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
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            "1": "en-geo",
            "2": "efter"
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          "expansion": "Geordie English: efter",
          "name": "desc"
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      ],
      "text": "Geordie English: efter"
    },
    {
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          "args": {
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            "2": "efter",
            "3": "eftir"
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          "expansion": "Scots: efter, eftir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: efter, eftir"
    }
  ],
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      "name": "inh"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
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      },
      "expansion": "Old High German aftar",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
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      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse aptr",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
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        "3": "*h₂epoteros",
        "4": "",
        "5": "further behind, further away"
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      "name": "inh"
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    {
      "args": {
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        "4": "off, behind"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂epó (“off, behind”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *after, whence also Old High German aftar, Old Norse aptr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epoteros (“further behind, further away”), comparative form of *h₂epó (“off, behind”).",
  "head_templates": [
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      "expansion": "æfter",
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  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
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        "after"
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        [
          "after",
          "after"
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    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "behind"
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          "behind",
          "behind"
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈæf.ter/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Anglian"
      ],
      "word": "æftær"
    },
    {
      "word": "efter"
    },
    {
      "word": "æftyr"
    },
    {
      "word": "eftyr"
    },
    {
      "word": "æftar"
    },
    {
      "word": "æftar — Northumbrian"
    }
  ],
  "word": "æfter"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.