See á-byá on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "igl",
"2": "ábiá"
},
"expansion": "Igala: ábiá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Igala: ábiá"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-edk-pro",
"2": "*á-já"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Edekiri: *á-já",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Edekiri: *á-já"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-yor-pro",
"2": "*a-já"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Yoruba: *a-já",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Yoruba: *a-já"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ulb",
"2": "aza"
},
"expansion": "Olukumi: aza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Olukumi: aza"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ife",
"2": "adzá"
},
"expansion": "Ifè: adzá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ifè: adzá"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yo",
"2": "ajá"
},
"expansion": "Yoruba: ajá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoruba: ajá"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ao Yoruba: azá"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-yrd-pro",
"2": "alv-pro",
"3": "*-bwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-bwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-yrd-pro",
"2": "alv-pro",
"3": "*-bʊa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-bʊa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ets",
"2": "agua"
},
"expansion": "Yekhee agua",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bin",
"2": "awa"
},
"expansion": "Edo awa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-edo-pro",
"2": "*A-bhωa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Edoid *A-bhωa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oks",
"2": "úwó"
},
"expansion": "Oko-Eni-Osayen úwó",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gbr",
"2": "emwi"
},
"expansion": "Gbagyi emwi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "idu",
"2": "ewo"
},
"expansion": "Idoma ewo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ibb",
"2": "ewua"
},
"expansion": "Ibibio ewua",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nic-lcr-pro",
"2": "*é-búá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Lower Cross River *é-búá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nic-plt-pro",
"2": "*-bwu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Plateau *-bwu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nic-ovo-pro",
"2": "*ba"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oti-Volta *ba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dag",
"2": "baa"
},
"expansion": "Dagbani baa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nic-grf-pro",
"2": "*búà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Grassfields *búà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ega",
"2": "ʊ̀ve"
},
"expansion": "Ega ʊ̀ve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "guw",
"2": "àvún"
},
"expansion": "Gun àvún",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-pro",
"2": "*mbʊ́à"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mbʊ́à",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "ínjá"
},
"expansion": "Xhosa ínjá",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root *byá. Synonymous forms in Yoruba dialects suggest that there many have been several Proto-Yoruboid terms for dog, from different roots, but this is likely the older term. The Yoruboid root *byá is an altered form of the root present across many West African languages, perhaps from Westerman's reconstructed root Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-bwa or Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-bʊa. See potential cognates Edoid forms, Yekhee agua, Edo awa, (Proto-Edoid *A-bhωa), Oko-Eni-Osayen úwó, maybe Gbagyi emwi and Idoma ewo, Ibibio ewua, Proto-Lower Cross River *é-búá, Proto-Plateau *-bwu, Proto-Oti-Volta *ba, Dagbani baa, Proto-Grassfields *búà, and perhaps Ega ʊ̀ve, Gun àvún. A change from /b/ to /v/ is widespread in many world languages, see Betacism. The Yoruboid term is likely cognate with these terms as the change from /d͡ʒa/ from /ba/ or /bwa/ is attested in Bantu languages, see Proto-Bantu *mbʊ́à and the Nguni branch of Bantu, Xhosa ínjá.\nDomestic dogs are exotic to Africa, having first been domesticated from Eurasian gray wolves between 15,000 and 40,000 years ago (Vilà et al. 1997; Germonpré et al. 2009). Little is currently known about the origin of African domestic dogs, genome-wide analyses have estimated that a subset of ancestral dogs migrated toward the Middle East, Europe, and into Africa ∼15 000 years ago. Research data used by comparing the DNA of dogs from Europe, China, and Africa suggested that about 14,800 years ago (between 13,368–14,832 years), dogs migrated to Africa and intro-gressed with African golden wolves, fitting with the linguistic timeline that the Proto-Niger-Congo or Proto-Atlantic-Congo speakers probably had or were familiar with dogs.\nThis term is an example of the systematic shift from /bʲ/ in Proto-Yoruboid to /d͡ʒ/ in Yoruba and Edekiri lects, and /z/ in Olukumi and Ao Yoruba, with the maintaining of /bʲ/ in Igala.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-yrd-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*á-byá"
},
"expansion": "*á-byá",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Yoruboid",
"lang_code": "alv-yrd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Yoruboid/á-byá",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Yoruboid entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dog"
],
"id": "en-á-byá-alv-yrd-pro-noun-zWNX792W",
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to bark",
"word": "gbó"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Betacism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/á.bʲá/"
}
],
"word": "á-byá"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "igl",
"2": "ábiá"
},
"expansion": "Igala: ábiá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Igala: ábiá"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-edk-pro",
"2": "*á-já"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Edekiri: *á-já",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Edekiri: *á-já"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-yor-pro",
"2": "*a-já"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Yoruba: *a-já",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Yoruba: *a-já"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ulb",
"2": "aza"
},
"expansion": "Olukumi: aza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Olukumi: aza"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ife",
"2": "adzá"
},
"expansion": "Ifè: adzá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ifè: adzá"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yo",
"2": "ajá"
},
"expansion": "Yoruba: ajá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yoruba: ajá"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ao Yoruba: azá"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-yrd-pro",
"2": "alv-pro",
"3": "*-bwa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-bwa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-yrd-pro",
"2": "alv-pro",
"3": "*-bʊa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-bʊa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ets",
"2": "agua"
},
"expansion": "Yekhee agua",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bin",
"2": "awa"
},
"expansion": "Edo awa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-edo-pro",
"2": "*A-bhωa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Edoid *A-bhωa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oks",
"2": "úwó"
},
"expansion": "Oko-Eni-Osayen úwó",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gbr",
"2": "emwi"
},
"expansion": "Gbagyi emwi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "idu",
"2": "ewo"
},
"expansion": "Idoma ewo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ibb",
"2": "ewua"
},
"expansion": "Ibibio ewua",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nic-lcr-pro",
"2": "*é-búá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Lower Cross River *é-búá",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nic-plt-pro",
"2": "*-bwu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Plateau *-bwu",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nic-ovo-pro",
"2": "*ba"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oti-Volta *ba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dag",
"2": "baa"
},
"expansion": "Dagbani baa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nic-grf-pro",
"2": "*búà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Grassfields *búà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ega",
"2": "ʊ̀ve"
},
"expansion": "Ega ʊ̀ve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "guw",
"2": "àvún"
},
"expansion": "Gun àvún",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bnt-pro",
"2": "*mbʊ́à"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Bantu *mbʊ́à",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xh",
"2": "ínjá"
},
"expansion": "Xhosa ínjá",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the root *byá. Synonymous forms in Yoruba dialects suggest that there many have been several Proto-Yoruboid terms for dog, from different roots, but this is likely the older term. The Yoruboid root *byá is an altered form of the root present across many West African languages, perhaps from Westerman's reconstructed root Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-bwa or Proto-Atlantic-Congo *-bʊa. See potential cognates Edoid forms, Yekhee agua, Edo awa, (Proto-Edoid *A-bhωa), Oko-Eni-Osayen úwó, maybe Gbagyi emwi and Idoma ewo, Ibibio ewua, Proto-Lower Cross River *é-búá, Proto-Plateau *-bwu, Proto-Oti-Volta *ba, Dagbani baa, Proto-Grassfields *búà, and perhaps Ega ʊ̀ve, Gun àvún. A change from /b/ to /v/ is widespread in many world languages, see Betacism. The Yoruboid term is likely cognate with these terms as the change from /d͡ʒa/ from /ba/ or /bwa/ is attested in Bantu languages, see Proto-Bantu *mbʊ́à and the Nguni branch of Bantu, Xhosa ínjá.\nDomestic dogs are exotic to Africa, having first been domesticated from Eurasian gray wolves between 15,000 and 40,000 years ago (Vilà et al. 1997; Germonpré et al. 2009). Little is currently known about the origin of African domestic dogs, genome-wide analyses have estimated that a subset of ancestral dogs migrated toward the Middle East, Europe, and into Africa ∼15 000 years ago. Research data used by comparing the DNA of dogs from Europe, China, and Africa suggested that about 14,800 years ago (between 13,368–14,832 years), dogs migrated to Africa and intro-gressed with African golden wolves, fitting with the linguistic timeline that the Proto-Niger-Congo or Proto-Atlantic-Congo speakers probably had or were familiar with dogs.\nThis term is an example of the systematic shift from /bʲ/ in Proto-Yoruboid to /d͡ʒ/ in Yoruba and Edekiri lects, and /z/ in Olukumi and Ao Yoruba, with the maintaining of /bʲ/ in Igala.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alv-yrd-pro",
"2": "noun",
"head": "*á-byá"
},
"expansion": "*á-byá",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Yoruboid",
"lang_code": "alv-yrd-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Yoruboid/á-byá",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to bark",
"word": "gbó"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Yoruboid entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Yoruboid lemmas",
"Proto-Yoruboid multiword terms",
"Proto-Yoruboid nouns",
"Proto-Yoruboid terms derived from Proto-Atlantic-Congo",
"Proto-Yoruboid terms inherited from Proto-Atlantic-Congo",
"Proto-Yoruboid terms with redundant head parameter",
"alv-yrd-pro:Canids"
],
"glosses": [
"dog"
],
"links": [
[
"dog",
"dog"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Betacism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/á.bʲá/"
}
],
"word": "á-byá"
}
Download raw JSONL data for á-byá meaning in All languages combined (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.