See (s)merd- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)merd- (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*smertaną",
"t": "to hurt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *smertaną (“to hurt”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *smertaną (“to hurt”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*(s)márdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)márdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)márdati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*márdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मर्दति",
"t": "to pound, crush",
"tr": "márdati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मर्दति (márdati, “to pound, crush”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मर्दति (márdati, “to pound, crush”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)mord-éye-ti or *h₂mord-éye-ti (iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*mordejō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *mordejō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"itc-pro\">*mordē(j)ō</i>, from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti</i> below"
},
"expansion": "(or *mordē(j)ō, from *(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti below)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *mordejō (or *mordē(j)ō, from *(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti below)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "mordeō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: mordeō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: mordeō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative or iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*smirˀdḗˀtei",
"t": "to stink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smirˀdḗˀtei (“to stink”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smirˀdḗˀtei (“to stink”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)mr̥-né-d-ti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬨𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬝",
"t": "to ruin, annihilate",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Avestan: 𐬨𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬝 (mōrəṇdat̰, “to ruin, annihilate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Avestan: 𐬨𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬝 (mōrəṇdat̰, “to ruin, annihilate”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "",
"der": "1",
"t": "suppressed",
"tr": "vi-mạr(n)datiy",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Old Persian: [script needed] (vi-mạr(n)datiy, “suppressed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Old Persian: [script needed] (vi-mạr(n)datiy, “suppressed”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)merd-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*(s)merdā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *(s)merdā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *(s)merdā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "merda",
"t": "excrement",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: merda (“excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: merda (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)mórd-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*smárˀdas",
"t": "stench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smárˀdas (“stench”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smárˀdas (“stench”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "smards"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: smards",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: smards"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "smárdas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: smárdas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: smárdas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*smȏrdъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *smȏrdъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *smȏrdъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*smerd-nós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σμερδνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σμερδνός (smerdnós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σμερδνός (smerdnós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մարտ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: մարտ (mart)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: մարտ (mart)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "մարտ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: մարտ (mart)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: մարտ (mart)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σμερδαλέος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σμερδαλέος (smerdaléos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σμερδαλέος (smerdaléos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "märtk"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: märtk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: märtk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "märtk"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: märtk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: märtk"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)merd-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReRC-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bite, to sting"
],
"id": "en-(s)merd--ine-pro-root-EteaMido",
"links": [
[
"bite",
"bite"
],
[
"sting",
"sting"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)merd-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)merd- (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*smertaną",
"t": "to hurt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *smertaną (“to hurt”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *smertaną (“to hurt”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*(s)márdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)márdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)márdati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*márdati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *márdati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "मर्दति",
"t": "to pound, crush",
"tr": "márdati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: मर्दति (márdati, “to pound, crush”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: मर्दति (márdati, “to pound, crush”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)mord-éye-ti or *h₂mord-éye-ti (iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*mordejō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *mordejō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"itc-pro\">*mordē(j)ō</i>, from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti</i> below"
},
"expansion": "(or *mordē(j)ō, from *(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti below)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *mordejō (or *mordē(j)ō, from *(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti below)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "mordeō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: mordeō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: mordeō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)mr̥d-éh₁(ye)-ti (eh₁-stative or iterative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*smirˀdḗˀtei",
"t": "to stink"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smirˀdḗˀtei (“to stink”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smirˀdḗˀtei (“to stink”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)mr̥-né-d-ti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬨𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬝",
"t": "to ruin, annihilate",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Avestan: 𐬨𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬝 (mōrəṇdat̰, “to ruin, annihilate”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Avestan: 𐬨𐬋𐬭𐬆𐬧𐬛𐬀𐬝 (mōrəṇdat̰, “to ruin, annihilate”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "",
"der": "1",
"t": "suppressed",
"tr": "vi-mạr(n)datiy",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Old Persian: [script needed] (vi-mạr(n)datiy, “suppressed”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Old Persian: [script needed] (vi-mạr(n)datiy, “suppressed”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)merd-h₂ (collective)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*(s)merdā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *(s)merdā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *(s)merdā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "merda",
"t": "excrement",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: merda (“excrement”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: merda (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*(s)mórd-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*smárˀdas",
"t": "stench"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smárˀdas (“stench”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *smárˀdas (“stench”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "smards"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: smards",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: smards"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "smárdas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: smárdas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: smárdas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*smȏrdъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *smȏrdъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *smȏrdъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*smerd-nós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σμερδνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σμερδνός (smerdnós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σμερδνός (smerdnós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "մարտ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: մարտ (mart)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: մարտ (mart)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "մարտ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: մարտ (mart)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: մարտ (mart)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "σμερδαλέος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: σμερδαλέος (smerdaléos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: σμερδαλέος (smerdaléos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "märtk"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: märtk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: märtk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "märtk"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: märtk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: märtk"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)merd-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReRC-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots with s-mobile"
],
"glosses": [
"to bite, to sting"
],
"links": [
[
"bite",
"bite"
],
[
"sting",
"sting"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "(s)merd-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for (s)merd- meaning in All languages combined (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.