固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
固 (Chinese character) 固/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Chinese adjectives", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese nouns", "Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan", "Chinese terms spelled with 固", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese verbs", "Eastern Min adjectives", "Eastern Min adverbs", "Eastern Min hanzi", "Eastern Min lemmas", "Eastern Min nouns", "Eastern Min verbs", "Middle Chinese adjectives", "Middle Chinese adverbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese nouns", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Northern Min adjectives", "Northern Min adverbs", "Northern Min hanzi", "Northern Min lemmas", "Northern Min nouns", "Northern Min verbs", "Old Chinese adjectives", "Old Chinese adverbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese nouns", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "丁固生松"}, {"word": "不固"}, {"roman": "bǎogù", "word": "保固"}, {"word": "保固期"}, {"word": "僵固"}, {"roman": "nínggù", "word": "凝固"}, {"word": "凝固劑"}, {"word": "凝固剂"}, {"word": "凝固點"}, {"word": "凝固点"}, {"word": "北固山"}, {"word": "北固樓"}, {"word": "北固楼"}, {"word": "固執"}, {"word": "固执"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固執己見"}, {"roman": "gùzhíjǐjiàn", "word": "固执己见"}, {"word": "固壽"}, {"word": "固寿"}, {"word": "固姑"}, {"roman": "gùshǒu", "word": "固守"}, {"word": "固宜"}, {"roman": "gùdìng", "word": "固定"}, {"word": "固定作用"}, {"word": "固定價格"}, {"word": "固定价格"}, {"word": "固定匯率"}, {"word": "固定汇率"}, {"word": "固定成本"}, {"word": "固定格式"}, {"word": "固定液"}, {"word": "固定詞組"}, {"word": "固定词组"}, {"word": "固定資本"}, {"word": "固定资本"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定資產"}, {"roman": "gùdìng zīchǎn", "word": "固定资产"}, {"word": "固定重音"}, {"word": "固徵"}, {"word": "固征"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固態"}, {"roman": "gùtài", "word": "固态"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùlāhémǎ", "word": "固拉合玛"}, {"word": "固接"}, {"word": "固時俗"}, {"word": "固时俗"}, {"roman": "gùyǒu", "word": "固有"}, {"word": "固有國籍"}, {"word": "固有国籍"}, {"word": "固有文化"}, {"word": "固有道德"}, {"roman": "gùběn", "word": "固本"}, {"roman": "gùbùzìfēng", "word": "固步自封"}, {"roman": "gùdàn", "word": "固氮"}, {"roman": "gùdàn zuòyòng", "word": "固氮作用"}, {"roman": "gùdànjūn", "word": "固氮菌"}, {"roman": "gùshālín", "word": "固沙林"}, {"roman": "gùrán", "word": "固然"}, {"word": "固無"}, {"word": "固无"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固瑪"}, {"roman": "Gùmǎ", "word": "固玛"}, {"roman": "gùjí", "word": "固疾"}, {"roman": "gùxiàng", "word": "固相"}, {"word": "固知"}, {"word": "固窮"}, {"word": "固穷"}, {"word": "固節"}, {"word": "固节"}, {"word": "固結"}, {"word": "固结"}, {"word": "固習"}, {"word": "固习"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金湯"}, {"roman": "gùruòjīntāng", "word": "固若金汤"}, {"word": "固著"}, {"word": "固着"}, {"word": "固蒂"}, {"word": "固請"}, {"word": "固请"}, {"word": "固讓"}, {"word": "固让"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辭"}, {"roman": "gùcí", "word": "固辞"}, {"word": "固遜"}, {"word": "固逊"}, {"word": "固金甌"}, {"word": "固金瓯"}, {"roman": "gùlòu", "word": "固陋"}, {"word": "固非"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固體"}, {"roman": "gùtǐ", "word": "固体"}, {"word": "固體潮"}, {"word": "固体潮"}, {"word": "固體電路"}, {"word": "固体电路"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "堅固"}, {"roman": "jiāngù", "word": "坚固"}, {"word": "埴固"}, {"word": "安固"}, {"roman": "qiǎogùqiú", "word": "巧固球"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "強固"}, {"roman": "qiánggù", "word": "强固"}, {"word": "恪固"}, {"word": "持祿固寵"}, {"word": "持禄固宠"}, {"word": "推亡固存"}, {"word": "擁兵自固"}, {"word": "拥兵自固"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "擇善固執"}, {"roman": "zéshàngùzhí", "word": "择善固执"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝榮"}, {"roman": "běngùzhīróng", "word": "本固枝荣"}, {"word": "根深固本"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndǐgù", "word": "根深柢固"}, {"roman": "gēnshēndìgù", "word": "根深蒂固"}, {"word": "欲取固與"}, {"word": "欲取固与"}, {"roman": "shēngēngùběn", "word": "深根固本"}, {"word": "深根固柢"}, {"word": "深根固蒂"}, {"word": "深閉固距"}, {"word": "深闭固距"}, {"word": "滯固"}, {"word": "滞固"}, {"roman": "láogù", "word": "牢固"}, {"word": "理固當然"}, {"word": "理固当然"}, {"word": "盤固草"}, {"word": "盘固草"}, {"word": "盤石之固"}, {"word": "盘石之固"}, {"word": "磐石之固"}, {"word": "稽固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "穩固"}, {"roman": "wěngù", "word": "稳固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老頑固"}, {"roman": "lǎowángù", "word": "老顽固"}, {"word": "膠固"}, {"word": "胶固"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "膽固醇"}, {"roman": "dǎngùchún", "word": "胆固醇"}, {"word": "藏舟難固"}, {"word": "藏舟难固"}, {"word": "血液凝固"}, {"roman": "Yùgùzú", "word": "裕固族"}, {"word": "補氣固表"}, {"word": "补气固表"}, {"word": "覆盂之固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "負固"}, {"roman": "fùgù", "word": "负固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "貞固"}, {"roman": "zhēngù", "word": "贞固"}, {"word": "負固不悛"}, {"word": "负固不悛"}, {"word": "負固不服"}, {"word": "负固不服"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固態"}, {"roman": "chāogùtài", "word": "超固态"}, {"word": "鄙固"}, {"word": "防固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "險固"}, {"roman": "xiǎngù", "word": "险固"}, {"word": "靳固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "鞏固"}, {"roman": "gǒnggù", "word": "巩固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "頑固"}, {"roman": "wángù", "word": "顽固"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "類固醇"}, {"roman": "lèigùchún", "word": "类固醇"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)", "name": "Han etyl"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kaːs"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "囗", "2": "古", "c1": "s", "c2": "p", "ls": "psc"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)", "name": "Han compound"}, {"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "sit-pro", "3": "*r-ka", "4": "", "5": "earth; ground; soil"}, "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "kac", "2": "ga", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Jingpho ga (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "grt", "2": "ha", "3": "", "4": "earth"}, "expansion": "Garo ha (“earth”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)\nPhono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kaːs): semantic 囗 + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ).\nSTEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka (“earth; ground; soil”). Compare Jingpho ga (“earth”), Garo ha (“earth”).", "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "固", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Literary Chinese terms with quotations", "Mandarin terms with usage examples", "Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "穩固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stable", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wěngù", "text": "稳固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to strengthen", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "jiāgù", "text": "加固", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，則兵勁城固，敵國畏之。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Xunzi, c. 3ʳᵈ century BCE", "roman": "Rúshì, zé bīng jìn chéng gù, díguó wèi zhī.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "如是，则兵劲城固，敌国畏之。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["firm; solid; strong"], "links": [["firm", "firm"], ["solid", "solid"], ["strong", "strong"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固體", "type": "example"}, {"english": "solid", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùtǐ", "text": "固体", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to set; to solidify", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "nínggù", "text": "凝固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["solid"], "links": [["solid", "solid"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to strengthen the foundation", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùběn", "text": "固本", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to solidify; to strengthen"], "links": [["solidify", "solidify"], ["strengthen", "strengthen"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "頑固", "type": "example"}, {"english": "stubborn", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "wángù", "text": "顽固", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["stubborn"], "links": [["stubborn", "stubborn"]]}, {"categories": ["Mandarin terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辭", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to firmly decline", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "gùcí", "text": "固辞", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["firmly"], "links": [["firmly", "firmly"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王視晏子曰：「齊人固善盜乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "The King looked at Yanzi and said, \"Have people of Chu always liked to steal?\"", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " c. 578–500 BC, Yan Ying, 《晏子春秋》", "roman": "Wáng shì yànzǐ yuē: “Qí rén gù shàn dào hū?”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "王视晏子曰：「齐人固善盗乎？」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Your servant (I) knew in the first place that it was your Majesty's not being able to bear the sight [which made you do as you did].", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Chén gù zhī wáng zhī bùrěn yě.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "臣固知王之不忍也。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["in the first place; all along"], "links": [["in the first place", "in the first place"], ["all along", "all along"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) in the first place; all along"], "tags": ["literary"]}, {"categories": ["Chinese literary terms", "Literary Chinese terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然則小固不可以敵大，寡固不可以敵眾，弱固不可以敵彊。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "A small country certainly cannot contend with a great, few certainly cannot contend with many, and the weak certainly cannot contend with the strong.", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE", "roman": "Ránzé xiǎo gù bù kěyǐ dí dà, guǎ gù bù kěyǐ dí zhòng, ruò gù bù kěyǐ dí qiáng.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "然则小固不可以敌大，寡固不可以敌众，弱固不可以敌强。", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "莊子曰：「夫子固拙於用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}, {"english": "Zhuangzi replied, 'You were indeed stupid, my master, in the use of what was large.'", "raw_tags": ["Classical Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE", "roman": "Zhuāngzǐ yuē: “Fūzǐ gù zhuō yú yòng dà yǐ.”", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "庄子曰：「夫子固拙于用大矣。」", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["no doubt"], "links": [["no doubt", "no doubt"]], "raw_glosses": ["(literary) no doubt"], "tags": ["literary"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨˋ"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taishan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hailu", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"zh-pron": "gó"}, {"zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kò͘"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "ku⁴"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gù"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guh"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гу"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "gu³"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Taicheng", "Taishanese", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gu¹"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Sinological-IPA", "Taicheng", "Taishanese"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "ku"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "gu⁴"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "gu^ˇ"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jian'ou", "Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"], "zh-pron": "gu̿"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/", "tags": ["Jian'ou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Foochow-Romanized", "Fuzhou"], "zh-pron": "gó"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/", "tags": ["Fuzhou", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Puxian-Min"], "zh-pron": "gou⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/", "tags": ["Puxian-Min", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kòo"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kox"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei"]}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kù"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁵ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "ku^去"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "²ku"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kuH"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[k]ˤa-s/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kaːs/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuː³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/ku¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku⁵³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kou²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔu⁴²/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ⁴¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ¹¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kɔ²¹/"}, {"ipa": "/ku²¹³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku³⁴/"}, {"other": "[k]"}, {"other": "/*kaːs/"}], "word": "固"}
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