刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
刮 (Chinese character) 刮/Chinese/character: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Beginning Mandarin", "Chinese adverbs", "Chinese entries with incorrect language header", "Chinese hanzi", "Chinese lemmas", "Chinese terms spelled with 刮", "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Chinese verbs", "Middle Chinese hanzi", "Middle Chinese lemmas", "Middle Chinese verbs", "Old Chinese hanzi", "Old Chinese lemmas", "Old Chinese verbs", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries"], "derived": [{"word": "刮削"}, {"roman": "guāshā", "word": "刮痧"}, {"roman": "guāmùxiāngkàn", "word": "刮目相看"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮臉"}, {"roman": "guāliǎn", "word": "刮脸"}, {"word": "刮補"}, {"word": "刮补"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮鬍子"}, {"roman": "guā húzi", "word": "刮胡子"}, {"word": "打耳刮子"}, {"roman": "sōuguā", "word": "搜刮"}, {"roman": "ěrguāzi", "word": "耳刮子"}], "descendants": [{"depth": 1, "templates": [{"args": {"1": "th", "2": "กวาด", "bor": "1"}, "expansion": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)", "name": "desc"}], "text": "→ Thai: กวาด (gwàat)"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "Han phono-semantic compounds"}, "expansion": "", "name": "categorize"}, {"args": {"1": "psc", "adj": "", "nocap": "", "pron": "OC *kroːd"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd)", "name": "liushu"}, {"args": {"1": "𠯑", "2": "刀", "c1": "p", "c2": "s", "ls": "psc", "t2": "knife"}, "expansion": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”)", "name": "Han compound"}], "etymology_text": "Phono-semantic compound (形聲 /形声, OC *kroːd): phonetic 𠯑 (OC *ɡroːd) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).", "forms": [{"form": "𠜜"}, {"form": "劀"}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "zh", "2": "hanzi"}, "expansion": "刮", "name": "head"}], "lang": "Chinese", "lang_code": "zh", "pos": "character", "senses": [{"categories": ["Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Mandarin terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Mandarin usage examples"], "examples": [{"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮嚫", "type": "example"}, {"english": "to accidentally scrape oneself on something", "raw_tags": ["Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "m⁴ siu² sam¹ bei² di¹ je⁵ gwaat³ can¹", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "唔小心畀啲嘢刮𰈍", "type": "example"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Traditional Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到廚下，把魚接在手內，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滾湯鍋裏一摜。", "type": "quote"}, {"raw_tags": ["Written Vernacular Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "ref": " Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE", "roman": "Zǒu dào chúxià, bǎ yú jiē zài shǒu nèi, ná dāo guā le sān sì guā, līn zhù wěibā, wàng gǔntāng guō lǐ yī guàn.", "tags": ["Pinyin"], "text": "走到厨下，把鱼接在手内，拿刀刮了三四刮，拎著尾巴，望滚汤锅里一掼。", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["to shave; to pare off; to scrape"], "links": [["shave", "shave"], ["pare", "pare"], ["scrape", "scrape"]]}, {"alt_of": [{"extra": "guā, “to blow”", "word": "颳 /刮"}], "glosses": ["Alternative form of 颳 /刮 (guā, “to blow”)"], "links": [["颳", "颳#Chinese"], ["刮", "刮#Chinese"], ["blow", "blow"]], "tags": ["alt-of", "alternative"]}, {"glosses": ["to wipe; to sweep"], "links": [["wipe", "wipe"], ["sweep", "sweep"]]}, {"glosses": ["to plunder; to extort"], "links": [["plunder", "plunder"], ["extort", "extort"]]}, {"categories": ["Chinese colloquialisms"], "glosses": ["to reprimand; to scold"], "links": [["reprimand", "reprimand"], ["scold", "scold"]], "raw_glosses": ["(colloquial) to reprimand; to scold"], "tags": ["colloquial"]}, {"categories": ["Cantonese Chinese", "Cantonese terms with usage examples", "Chinese slang"], "examples": [{"english": "Hurry up and go look for him!", "raw_tags": ["Traditional Chinese", "Simplified Chinese"], "roman": "faai³ di¹ heoi³ gwaat³ keoi⁵ ceot¹ lei⁴ laa¹!", "tags": ["Jyutping", "Cantonese"], "text": "快啲去刮佢出嚟啦！", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["to find someone"], "links": [["find", "find"]], "raw_glosses": ["(Cantonese, slang) to find someone"], "tags": ["Cantonese", "slang"]}], "sounds": [{"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Pinyin", "standard"], "zh-pron": "gua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo", "standard"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Cyrillic", "Dungan", "Mandarin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "II"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "PFS", "Sixian"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Guangdong", "Hakka", "Meixian"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "koeh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "POJ"], "zh-pron": "khoe"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guêh⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"tags": ["Peng'im", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah⁴"}, {"zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Hanyu-Pinyin", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "guā"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "bopomofo"], "zh-pron": "ㄍㄨㄚ"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Tongyong-Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Wade-Giles"], "zh-pron": "kua¹"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwā"}, {"tags": ["Gwoyeu-Romatsyh", "Mandarin"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "гуа"}, {"tags": ["Mandarin", "Palladius"], "zh-pron": "gua"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/", "tags": ["Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/", "tags": ["Dungan", "Mandarin", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Jyutping"], "zh-pron": "gwaat³"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Yale"], "zh-pron": "gwaat"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Pinyin"], "zh-pron": "gwaat⁸"}, {"tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangdong-Romanization", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong"], "zh-pron": "guad³"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/", "tags": ["Cantonese", "Guangzhou", "Hong-Kong", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Phak-fa-su"], "zh-pron": "koat"}, {"tags": ["Hakka", "Hakka-Romanization-System"], "zh-pron": "guad^ˋ"}, {"tags": ["Hagfa-Pinyim", "Hakka"], "zh-pron": "guad⁵"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/", "tags": ["Hakka", "Meixian", "Sinological-IPA"]}, {"tags": ["Jin", "Taiyuan", "Wiktionary-specific"], "zh-pron": "guah⁴"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Jin", "Sinological-IPA", "Taiyuan"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuat"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koad"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koaq"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kuih"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "kuiq"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "koeq"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khe"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Zhangzhou"]}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Tai-lo"], "zh-pron": "khue"}, {"tags": ["Hokkien", "Phofsit-Daibuun"], "zh-pron": "qoef"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Quanzhou"]}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/", "tags": ["Hokkien", "Kaohsiung", "Taipei", "Xiamen"]}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kueh"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "kuah"}, {"tags": ["POJ", "Teochew"], "zh-pron": "huah"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/", "tags": ["Sinological-IPA", "Teochew"]}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁷kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "kuah^入"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "⁴kuaq"}, {"tags": ["Northern", "Wu"], "zh-pron": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"tags": ["Middle-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "kwaet"}, {"tags": ["Baxter-Sagart", "Old-Chinese"], "zh-pron": "/*[kʷˤ]r[a]t/"}, {"tags": ["Old-Chinese", "Zhengzhang"], "zh-pron": "/*kroːd/"}, {"other": "/ koah /"}, {"other": "/ koeh /"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯ä⁵⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kua⁵¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kʷaːt̚³/"}, {"ipa": "/ku̯at̚²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚¹/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuat̚³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuiʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ³²/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰe⁴⁴/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue³³/"}, {"ipa": "/kʰue⁴⁴/"}, {"other": "/ guah⁴ /"}, {"other": "/ kuah /"}, {"ipa": "/kueʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/huaʔ²/"}, {"ipa": "/kuaʔ⁵⁵/"}, {"other": "[kʷˤ]"}, {"other": "[a]"}, {"other": "/*kroːd/"}], "word": "刮"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.