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quine/English/verb

1: quine/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English coinages", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English eponyms", "English learned borrowings from Latin", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from Latin", "English terms coined by Daniel Dennett", "English terms coined by Douglas Hofstadter", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *pénkʷe", "English transitive verbs", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aɪn", "Rhymes:English/aɪn/1 syllable", "Terms with Finnish translations", "en:Five"], "derived": [{"word": "quiner"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "quined"}, {"tags": ["noun"], "word": "quining"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "logician and philosopher", "2": "", "3": "", "4": "", "5": ""}, "expansion": "logician and philosopher", "name": "named-after/list"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "|", "name": "!"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine"}, "expansion": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "born": "1908", "died": "2000", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "logician and philosopher", "wplink": "="}, "expansion": "named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000)", "name": "named-after"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "append"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Douglas Hofstadter", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive and computer scientist"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter", "name": "coinage"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "computing"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "philosophy"}, "expansion": "sense 2", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Daniel Dennett", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive scientist and philosopher"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett", "name": "coinage"}], "etymology_text": "From Quine, named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000).\nVerb sense 1 (“to append (a text) to a quotation of itself”) was coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter (born 1945) in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (1979; see the quotation), referring to Quine’s study of indirect self-referencing and in particular Quine’s paradox, the following statement that produces a paradox: “‘Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation’ yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation.” Hofstadter also referred to the concept of noun sense 1 (“program that produces its own source code as output”) in the book, but termed it a self-rep rather than a quine.\nVerb sense 2 (“to deny the importance or significance of (something obviously real or important)”) was independently coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett (1942–2024) in September 1969 in the original version of his work The Philosophical Lexicon: see the 1987 quotation.", "forms": [{"form": "quines", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "quining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "quine (third-person singular simple present quines, present participle quining, simple past and past participle quined)", "name": "en-verb"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "transitive"}, "expansion": "(transitive)", "name": "term-label"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1979, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Air on G’s String”, in Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN, part II (EGB), page 435:", "text": "Anyway, now I know how to quine a phrase. It's quite amusing. Here's a quined phrase: / \"IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT\" IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT. / It's silly but all the same I enjoy it. You take a sentence fragment, quine it, and lo and behold, you've made a sentence! A true sentence, in this case.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1984, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Analogies and Metaphors to Explain Gödel’s Theorem”, in Douglas M. Campbell, John C. Higgins, editors, Mathematics: People, Problems, Results, Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth International, →ISBN, page 274:", "text": "\"Quining\" is what I called it in my book. (He certainly didn't call it that!) Quining is an operation that I define on any string of English. […] Here is an example of a quined phrase: \"is a sentence with no subject\" is a sentence with no subject.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1997, N[athaniel] S. Hellerstein, “Metamathemics”, in Diamond: A Paradox Logic (Series on Knots and Everything; 14), Singapore: World Scientific, →ISBN, part 2 (Advanced Diamond Logic), page 183:", "text": "Diamond arises in Gödelian meta-mathematics. In meta-math, sentences can refer to each other’s provability, and to quining. This yields self-reference: T = “‘is provable when quined’ is provable when quined.” / D = “‘is unprovable when quined’ is unprovable when quined.” […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001 October 1, Howard Mirowitz, “Why is L&T in Quotation Marks?”, in rec.music.dylan (Usenet):", "text": "In \"Love And Theft\", [Bob] Dylan quined the love and theft in his songs in the album's title, \"Love And Theft\". So the subtext, the meaning of the entire album, when preceded by its quotation, its symbol, yields a paradox.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To append (a text) to a quotation of itself."], "links": [["append", "append#Verb"], ["text", "text#Noun"], ["quotation", "quotation"]], "senseid": ["en:append"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Philosophy"], "examples": [{"ref": "[1987, Daniel Dennett, “quine, v.”, in Kathleen Atkins [et al.], edited by Daniel Dennett, The Philosophical Lexicon, 8th edition, Newark, Del.: American Philosophical Association, distributor, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-07-10:", "text": "quine. v. (1) To deny resolutely the existence or importance of something real or significant. \"Some philosophers have quined classes, and some have even quined physical objects.\" Occasionally used intr[ansitively], e.g., \"You think I quine, sir. I assure you I do not!\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1993, Howard Margolis, “The Overthrow of Phlogiston: 2”, in Paradigms & Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs, Chicago, Ill.; London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 62:", "text": "As with the puzzle of what happens during the combustion of a metal in pure oxygen (the \"steel wool\" experiment), this result can of course be quined. Taking the phlogistic view, we could say that the calx requires the same phlogiston content as the metal, so of course the amount of water absorbed must be in accord with that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1999, Elizabeth Pacherie, “Qualia and Representations”, in Denis Fisette, editor, Consciousness and Intentionality: Models and Modalities of Attribution (The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, part 2 (Qualia and Perception), page 119:", "text": "They [some philosophers] deny that mental states and events actually possess the qualitative properties attributed to them by qualia friends and, as a consequence, they advocate quining qualia.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Don Ross, “Introduction: The Dennettian Stance”, in Don Ross, Andrew Brook, David Thompson, editors, Dennett’s Philosophy: A Comprehensive Assessment (A Bradford Book), Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 14:", "text": "Qualia are quined not because [Daniel] Dennett imagines that there is nothing it is like to be conscious, but because no clear demarcation can be drawn between representations of qualitative properties and representations of other sorts of states.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2008, Daniel Barnett, “The Private Language Machine and the Evolution of a Medium”, in Movement as Meaning: In Experimental Film (Consciousness, Literature & the Arts; 13), Amsterdam, North Holland; New York, N.Y.: Editions Rodopi, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Dynamic and Syntactic Universals), page 114:", "text": "One of the things that [Ludwig] Wittgenstein is most famous for is quining 'private language'. By saying that private languages can't exist Wittgenstein wanted us to recognize the inescapable function of the social fabric in language's work.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, Andrew Pessin, “Mental Transparency, Direct Sensation, and the Unity of the Cartesian Mind”, in Jon Miller, editor, Topics in Early Modern Philosophy of Mind (Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind; 9), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer, →ISBN, page 34:", "text": "One might object that in this section I’ve not exactly quined Cartesian qualia, since my denial of the reality of phenomenal colour comes at the cost of accepting the \"qualitative character\" of sensory experience, with which contemporary philosophers, in fact, often identify qualia.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "links": [["philosophy", "philosophy"], ["deny", "deny"], ["existence", "existence"], ["significance", "significance"], ["obviously", "obviously"], ["real", "real#Adjective"], ["important", "important"]], "raw_glosses": ["(philosophy) To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "senseid": ["en:philosophy"], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "philosophy", "sciences"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kwaɪn/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quine.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aɪn"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to append (a text) to a quotation of itself", "word": "liittää lainauksena itseensä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)", "word": "kieltää (tosiasia)"}], "wikipedia": ["American Philosophical Association", "Epimenides", "Kathleen Atkins", "The Philosophical Lexicon", "indirect self-referencing"], "word": "quine"}
1: quine/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English coinages", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English eponyms", "English learned borrowings from Latin", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from Latin", "English terms coined by Daniel Dennett", "English terms coined by Douglas Hofstadter", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *pénkʷe", "English transitive verbs", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aɪn", "Rhymes:English/aɪn/1 syllable", "Terms with Finnish translations", "en:Five"], "derived": [{"word": "quiner"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "quined"}, {"tags": ["noun"], "word": "quining"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "logician and philosopher", "2": "", "3": "", "4": "", "5": ""}, "expansion": "logician and philosopher", "name": "named-after/list"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "|", "name": "!"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine"}, "expansion": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "born": "1908", "died": "2000", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "logician and philosopher", "wplink": "="}, "expansion": "named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000)", "name": "named-after"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "append"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Douglas Hofstadter", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive and computer scientist"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter", "name": "coinage"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "computing"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "philosophy"}, "expansion": "sense 2", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Daniel Dennett", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive scientist and philosopher"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett", "name": "coinage"}], "etymology_text": "From Quine, named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000).\nVerb sense 1 (“to append (a text) to a quotation of itself”) was coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter (born 1945) in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (1979; see the quotation), referring to Quine’s study of indirect self-referencing and in particular Quine’s paradox, the following statement that produces a paradox: “‘Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation’ yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation.” Hofstadter also referred to the concept of noun sense 1 (“program that produces its own source code as output”) in the book, but termed it a self-rep rather than a quine.\nVerb sense 2 (“to deny the importance or significance of (something obviously real or important)”) was independently coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett (1942–2024) in September 1969 in the original version of his work The Philosophical Lexicon: see the 1987 quotation.", "forms": [{"form": "quines", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "quining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "quine (third-person singular simple present quines, present participle quining, simple past and past participle quined)", "name": "en-verb"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "transitive"}, "expansion": "(transitive)", "name": "term-label"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1979, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Air on G’s String”, in Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN, part II (EGB), page 435:", "text": "Anyway, now I know how to quine a phrase. It's quite amusing. Here's a quined phrase: / \"IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT\" IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT. / It's silly but all the same I enjoy it. You take a sentence fragment, quine it, and lo and behold, you've made a sentence! A true sentence, in this case.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1984, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Analogies and Metaphors to Explain Gödel’s Theorem”, in Douglas M. Campbell, John C. Higgins, editors, Mathematics: People, Problems, Results, Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth International, →ISBN, page 274:", "text": "\"Quining\" is what I called it in my book. (He certainly didn't call it that!) Quining is an operation that I define on any string of English. […] Here is an example of a quined phrase: \"is a sentence with no subject\" is a sentence with no subject.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1997, N[athaniel] S. Hellerstein, “Metamathemics”, in Diamond: A Paradox Logic (Series on Knots and Everything; 14), Singapore: World Scientific, →ISBN, part 2 (Advanced Diamond Logic), page 183:", "text": "Diamond arises in Gödelian meta-mathematics. In meta-math, sentences can refer to each other’s provability, and to quining. This yields self-reference: T = “‘is provable when quined’ is provable when quined.” / D = “‘is unprovable when quined’ is unprovable when quined.” […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001 October 1, Howard Mirowitz, “Why is L&T in Quotation Marks?”, in rec.music.dylan (Usenet):", "text": "In \"Love And Theft\", [Bob] Dylan quined the love and theft in his songs in the album's title, \"Love And Theft\". So the subtext, the meaning of the entire album, when preceded by its quotation, its symbol, yields a paradox.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To append (a text) to a quotation of itself."], "links": [["append", "append#Verb"], ["text", "text#Noun"], ["quotation", "quotation"]], "senseid": ["en:append"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Philosophy"], "examples": [{"ref": "[1987, Daniel Dennett, “quine, v.”, in Kathleen Atkins [et al.], edited by Daniel Dennett, The Philosophical Lexicon, 8th edition, Newark, Del.: American Philosophical Association, distributor, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-07-10:", "text": "quine. v. (1) To deny resolutely the existence or importance of something real or significant. \"Some philosophers have quined classes, and some have even quined physical objects.\" Occasionally used intr[ansitively], e.g., \"You think I quine, sir. I assure you I do not!\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1993, Howard Margolis, “The Overthrow of Phlogiston: 2”, in Paradigms & Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs, Chicago, Ill.; London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 62:", "text": "As with the puzzle of what happens during the combustion of a metal in pure oxygen (the \"steel wool\" experiment), this result can of course be quined. Taking the phlogistic view, we could say that the calx requires the same phlogiston content as the metal, so of course the amount of water absorbed must be in accord with that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1999, Elizabeth Pacherie, “Qualia and Representations”, in Denis Fisette, editor, Consciousness and Intentionality: Models and Modalities of Attribution (The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, part 2 (Qualia and Perception), page 119:", "text": "They [some philosophers] deny that mental states and events actually possess the qualitative properties attributed to them by qualia friends and, as a consequence, they advocate quining qualia.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Don Ross, “Introduction: The Dennettian Stance”, in Don Ross, Andrew Brook, David Thompson, editors, Dennett’s Philosophy: A Comprehensive Assessment (A Bradford Book), Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 14:", "text": "Qualia are quined not because [Daniel] Dennett imagines that there is nothing it is like to be conscious, but because no clear demarcation can be drawn between representations of qualitative properties and representations of other sorts of states.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2008, Daniel Barnett, “The Private Language Machine and the Evolution of a Medium”, in Movement as Meaning: In Experimental Film (Consciousness, Literature & the Arts; 13), Amsterdam, North Holland; New York, N.Y.: Editions Rodopi, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Dynamic and Syntactic Universals), page 114:", "text": "One of the things that [Ludwig] Wittgenstein is most famous for is quining 'private language'. By saying that private languages can't exist Wittgenstein wanted us to recognize the inescapable function of the social fabric in language's work.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, Andrew Pessin, “Mental Transparency, Direct Sensation, and the Unity of the Cartesian Mind”, in Jon Miller, editor, Topics in Early Modern Philosophy of Mind (Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind; 9), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer, →ISBN, page 34:", "text": "One might object that in this section I’ve not exactly quined Cartesian qualia, since my denial of the reality of phenomenal colour comes at the cost of accepting the \"qualitative character\" of sensory experience, with which contemporary philosophers, in fact, often identify qualia.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "links": [["philosophy", "philosophy"], ["deny", "deny"], ["existence", "existence"], ["significance", "significance"], ["obviously", "obviously"], ["real", "real#Adjective"], ["important", "important"]], "raw_glosses": ["(philosophy) To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "senseid": ["en:philosophy"], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "philosophy", "sciences"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kwaɪn/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quine.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aɪn"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to append (a text) to a quotation of itself", "word": "liittää lainauksena itseensä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)", "word": "kieltää (tosiasia)"}], "wikipedia": ["American Philosophical Association", "Epimenides", "Kathleen Atkins", "The Philosophical Lexicon", "indirect self-referencing"], "word": "quine"}

quine/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English coinages", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English eponyms", "English learned borrowings from Latin", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from Latin", "English terms coined by Daniel Dennett", "English terms coined by Douglas Hofstadter", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *pénkʷe", "English transitive verbs", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aɪn", "Rhymes:English/aɪn/1 syllable", "Terms with Finnish translations", "en:Five"], "derived": [{"word": "quiner"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "quined"}, {"tags": ["noun"], "word": "quining"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "logician and philosopher", "2": "", "3": "", "4": "", "5": ""}, "expansion": "logician and philosopher", "name": "named-after/list"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "|", "name": "!"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine"}, "expansion": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "born": "1908", "died": "2000", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "logician and philosopher", "wplink": "="}, "expansion": "named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000)", "name": "named-after"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "append"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Douglas Hofstadter", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive and computer scientist"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter", "name": "coinage"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "computing"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "philosophy"}, "expansion": "sense 2", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Daniel Dennett", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive scientist and philosopher"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett", "name": "coinage"}], "etymology_text": "From Quine, named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000).\nVerb sense 1 (“to append (a text) to a quotation of itself”) was coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter (born 1945) in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (1979; see the quotation), referring to Quine’s study of indirect self-referencing and in particular Quine’s paradox, the following statement that produces a paradox: “‘Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation’ yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation.” Hofstadter also referred to the concept of noun sense 1 (“program that produces its own source code as output”) in the book, but termed it a self-rep rather than a quine.\nVerb sense 2 (“to deny the importance or significance of (something obviously real or important)”) was independently coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett (1942–2024) in September 1969 in the original version of his work The Philosophical Lexicon: see the 1987 quotation.", "forms": [{"form": "quines", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "quining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "quine (third-person singular simple present quines, present participle quining, simple past and past participle quined)", "name": "en-verb"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "transitive"}, "expansion": "(transitive)", "name": "term-label"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1979, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Air on G’s String”, in Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN, part II (EGB), page 435:", "text": "Anyway, now I know how to quine a phrase. It's quite amusing. Here's a quined phrase: / \"IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT\" IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT. / It's silly but all the same I enjoy it. You take a sentence fragment, quine it, and lo and behold, you've made a sentence! A true sentence, in this case.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1984, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Analogies and Metaphors to Explain Gödel’s Theorem”, in Douglas M. Campbell, John C. Higgins, editors, Mathematics: People, Problems, Results, Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth International, →ISBN, page 274:", "text": "\"Quining\" is what I called it in my book. (He certainly didn't call it that!) Quining is an operation that I define on any string of English. […] Here is an example of a quined phrase: \"is a sentence with no subject\" is a sentence with no subject.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1997, N[athaniel] S. Hellerstein, “Metamathemics”, in Diamond: A Paradox Logic (Series on Knots and Everything; 14), Singapore: World Scientific, →ISBN, part 2 (Advanced Diamond Logic), page 183:", "text": "Diamond arises in Gödelian meta-mathematics. In meta-math, sentences can refer to each other’s provability, and to quining. This yields self-reference: T = “‘is provable when quined’ is provable when quined.” / D = “‘is unprovable when quined’ is unprovable when quined.” […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001 October 1, Howard Mirowitz, “Why is L&T in Quotation Marks?”, in rec.music.dylan (Usenet):", "text": "In \"Love And Theft\", [Bob] Dylan quined the love and theft in his songs in the album's title, \"Love And Theft\". So the subtext, the meaning of the entire album, when preceded by its quotation, its symbol, yields a paradox.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To append (a text) to a quotation of itself."], "links": [["append", "append#Verb"], ["text", "text#Noun"], ["quotation", "quotation"]], "senseid": ["en:append"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Philosophy"], "examples": [{"ref": "[1987, Daniel Dennett, “quine, v.”, in Kathleen Atkins [et al.], edited by Daniel Dennett, The Philosophical Lexicon, 8th edition, Newark, Del.: American Philosophical Association, distributor, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-07-10:", "text": "quine. v. (1) To deny resolutely the existence or importance of something real or significant. \"Some philosophers have quined classes, and some have even quined physical objects.\" Occasionally used intr[ansitively], e.g., \"You think I quine, sir. I assure you I do not!\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1993, Howard Margolis, “The Overthrow of Phlogiston: 2”, in Paradigms & Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs, Chicago, Ill.; London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 62:", "text": "As with the puzzle of what happens during the combustion of a metal in pure oxygen (the \"steel wool\" experiment), this result can of course be quined. Taking the phlogistic view, we could say that the calx requires the same phlogiston content as the metal, so of course the amount of water absorbed must be in accord with that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1999, Elizabeth Pacherie, “Qualia and Representations”, in Denis Fisette, editor, Consciousness and Intentionality: Models and Modalities of Attribution (The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, part 2 (Qualia and Perception), page 119:", "text": "They [some philosophers] deny that mental states and events actually possess the qualitative properties attributed to them by qualia friends and, as a consequence, they advocate quining qualia.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Don Ross, “Introduction: The Dennettian Stance”, in Don Ross, Andrew Brook, David Thompson, editors, Dennett’s Philosophy: A Comprehensive Assessment (A Bradford Book), Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 14:", "text": "Qualia are quined not because [Daniel] Dennett imagines that there is nothing it is like to be conscious, but because no clear demarcation can be drawn between representations of qualitative properties and representations of other sorts of states.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2008, Daniel Barnett, “The Private Language Machine and the Evolution of a Medium”, in Movement as Meaning: In Experimental Film (Consciousness, Literature & the Arts; 13), Amsterdam, North Holland; New York, N.Y.: Editions Rodopi, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Dynamic and Syntactic Universals), page 114:", "text": "One of the things that [Ludwig] Wittgenstein is most famous for is quining 'private language'. By saying that private languages can't exist Wittgenstein wanted us to recognize the inescapable function of the social fabric in language's work.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, Andrew Pessin, “Mental Transparency, Direct Sensation, and the Unity of the Cartesian Mind”, in Jon Miller, editor, Topics in Early Modern Philosophy of Mind (Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind; 9), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer, →ISBN, page 34:", "text": "One might object that in this section I’ve not exactly quined Cartesian qualia, since my denial of the reality of phenomenal colour comes at the cost of accepting the \"qualitative character\" of sensory experience, with which contemporary philosophers, in fact, often identify qualia.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "links": [["philosophy", "philosophy"], ["deny", "deny"], ["existence", "existence"], ["significance", "significance"], ["obviously", "obviously"], ["real", "real#Adjective"], ["important", "important"]], "raw_glosses": ["(philosophy) To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "senseid": ["en:philosophy"], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "philosophy", "sciences"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kwaɪn/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quine.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aɪn"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to append (a text) to a quotation of itself", "word": "liittää lainauksena itseensä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)", "word": "kieltää (tosiasia)"}], "wikipedia": ["American Philosophical Association", "Epimenides", "Kathleen Atkins", "The Philosophical Lexicon", "indirect self-referencing"], "word": "quine"}

quine (English verb) quine/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English coinages", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English eponyms", "English learned borrowings from Latin", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from Latin", "English terms coined by Daniel Dennett", "English terms coined by Douglas Hofstadter", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *pénkʷe", "English transitive verbs", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aɪn", "Rhymes:English/aɪn/1 syllable", "Terms with Finnish translations", "en:Five"], "derived": [{"word": "quiner"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "quined"}, {"tags": ["noun"], "word": "quining"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "logician and philosopher", "2": "", "3": "", "4": "", "5": ""}, "expansion": "logician and philosopher", "name": "named-after/list"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "|", "name": "!"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine"}, "expansion": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "born": "1908", "died": "2000", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "logician and philosopher", "wplink": "="}, "expansion": "named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000)", "name": "named-after"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "append"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Douglas Hofstadter", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive and computer scientist"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter", "name": "coinage"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "computing"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "philosophy"}, "expansion": "sense 2", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Daniel Dennett", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive scientist and philosopher"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett", "name": "coinage"}], "etymology_text": "From Quine, named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000).\nVerb sense 1 (“to append (a text) to a quotation of itself”) was coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter (born 1945) in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (1979; see the quotation), referring to Quine’s study of indirect self-referencing and in particular Quine’s paradox, the following statement that produces a paradox: “‘Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation’ yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation.” Hofstadter also referred to the concept of noun sense 1 (“program that produces its own source code as output”) in the book, but termed it a self-rep rather than a quine.\nVerb sense 2 (“to deny the importance or significance of (something obviously real or important)”) was independently coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett (1942–2024) in September 1969 in the original version of his work The Philosophical Lexicon: see the 1987 quotation.", "forms": [{"form": "quines", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "quining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "quine (third-person singular simple present quines, present participle quining, simple past and past participle quined)", "name": "en-verb"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "transitive"}, "expansion": "(transitive)", "name": "term-label"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1979, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Air on G’s String”, in Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN, part II (EGB), page 435:", "text": "Anyway, now I know how to quine a phrase. It's quite amusing. Here's a quined phrase: / \"IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT\" IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT. / It's silly but all the same I enjoy it. You take a sentence fragment, quine it, and lo and behold, you've made a sentence! A true sentence, in this case.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1984, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Analogies and Metaphors to Explain Gödel’s Theorem”, in Douglas M. Campbell, John C. Higgins, editors, Mathematics: People, Problems, Results, Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth International, →ISBN, page 274:", "text": "\"Quining\" is what I called it in my book. (He certainly didn't call it that!) Quining is an operation that I define on any string of English. […] Here is an example of a quined phrase: \"is a sentence with no subject\" is a sentence with no subject.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1997, N[athaniel] S. Hellerstein, “Metamathemics”, in Diamond: A Paradox Logic (Series on Knots and Everything; 14), Singapore: World Scientific, →ISBN, part 2 (Advanced Diamond Logic), page 183:", "text": "Diamond arises in Gödelian meta-mathematics. In meta-math, sentences can refer to each other’s provability, and to quining. This yields self-reference: T = “‘is provable when quined’ is provable when quined.” / D = “‘is unprovable when quined’ is unprovable when quined.” […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001 October 1, Howard Mirowitz, “Why is L&T in Quotation Marks?”, in rec.music.dylan (Usenet):", "text": "In \"Love And Theft\", [Bob] Dylan quined the love and theft in his songs in the album's title, \"Love And Theft\". So the subtext, the meaning of the entire album, when preceded by its quotation, its symbol, yields a paradox.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To append (a text) to a quotation of itself."], "links": [["append", "append#Verb"], ["text", "text#Noun"], ["quotation", "quotation"]], "senseid": ["en:append"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Philosophy"], "examples": [{"ref": "[1987, Daniel Dennett, “quine, v.”, in Kathleen Atkins [et al.], edited by Daniel Dennett, The Philosophical Lexicon, 8th edition, Newark, Del.: American Philosophical Association, distributor, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-07-10:", "text": "quine. v. (1) To deny resolutely the existence or importance of something real or significant. \"Some philosophers have quined classes, and some have even quined physical objects.\" Occasionally used intr[ansitively], e.g., \"You think I quine, sir. I assure you I do not!\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1993, Howard Margolis, “The Overthrow of Phlogiston: 2”, in Paradigms & Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs, Chicago, Ill.; London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 62:", "text": "As with the puzzle of what happens during the combustion of a metal in pure oxygen (the \"steel wool\" experiment), this result can of course be quined. Taking the phlogistic view, we could say that the calx requires the same phlogiston content as the metal, so of course the amount of water absorbed must be in accord with that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1999, Elizabeth Pacherie, “Qualia and Representations”, in Denis Fisette, editor, Consciousness and Intentionality: Models and Modalities of Attribution (The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, part 2 (Qualia and Perception), page 119:", "text": "They [some philosophers] deny that mental states and events actually possess the qualitative properties attributed to them by qualia friends and, as a consequence, they advocate quining qualia.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Don Ross, “Introduction: The Dennettian Stance”, in Don Ross, Andrew Brook, David Thompson, editors, Dennett’s Philosophy: A Comprehensive Assessment (A Bradford Book), Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 14:", "text": "Qualia are quined not because [Daniel] Dennett imagines that there is nothing it is like to be conscious, but because no clear demarcation can be drawn between representations of qualitative properties and representations of other sorts of states.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2008, Daniel Barnett, “The Private Language Machine and the Evolution of a Medium”, in Movement as Meaning: In Experimental Film (Consciousness, Literature & the Arts; 13), Amsterdam, North Holland; New York, N.Y.: Editions Rodopi, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Dynamic and Syntactic Universals), page 114:", "text": "One of the things that [Ludwig] Wittgenstein is most famous for is quining 'private language'. By saying that private languages can't exist Wittgenstein wanted us to recognize the inescapable function of the social fabric in language's work.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, Andrew Pessin, “Mental Transparency, Direct Sensation, and the Unity of the Cartesian Mind”, in Jon Miller, editor, Topics in Early Modern Philosophy of Mind (Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind; 9), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer, →ISBN, page 34:", "text": "One might object that in this section I’ve not exactly quined Cartesian qualia, since my denial of the reality of phenomenal colour comes at the cost of accepting the \"qualitative character\" of sensory experience, with which contemporary philosophers, in fact, often identify qualia.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "links": [["philosophy", "philosophy"], ["deny", "deny"], ["existence", "existence"], ["significance", "significance"], ["obviously", "obviously"], ["real", "real#Adjective"], ["important", "important"]], "raw_glosses": ["(philosophy) To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "senseid": ["en:philosophy"], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "philosophy", "sciences"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kwaɪn/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quine.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aɪn"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to append (a text) to a quotation of itself", "word": "liittää lainauksena itseensä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)", "word": "kieltää (tosiasia)"}], "wikipedia": ["American Philosophical Association", "Epimenides", "Kathleen Atkins", "The Philosophical Lexicon", "indirect self-referencing"], "word": "quine"}

quine/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English coinages", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English eponyms", "English learned borrowings from Latin", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from Latin", "English terms coined by Daniel Dennett", "English terms coined by Douglas Hofstadter", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *pénkʷe", "English transitive verbs", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aɪn", "Rhymes:English/aɪn/1 syllable", "Terms with Finnish translations", "en:Five"], "derived": [{"word": "quiner"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "quined"}, {"tags": ["noun"], "word": "quining"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "logician and philosopher", "2": "", "3": "", "4": "", "5": ""}, "expansion": "logician and philosopher", "name": "named-after/list"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "|", "name": "!"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine"}, "expansion": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "born": "1908", "died": "2000", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "logician and philosopher", "wplink": "="}, "expansion": "named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000)", "name": "named-after"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "append"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Douglas Hofstadter", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive and computer scientist"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter", "name": "coinage"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "computing"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "philosophy"}, "expansion": "sense 2", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Daniel Dennett", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive scientist and philosopher"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett", "name": "coinage"}], "etymology_text": "From Quine, named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000).\nVerb sense 1 (“to append (a text) to a quotation of itself”) was coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter (born 1945) in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (1979; see the quotation), referring to Quine’s study of indirect self-referencing and in particular Quine’s paradox, the following statement that produces a paradox: “‘Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation’ yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation.” Hofstadter also referred to the concept of noun sense 1 (“program that produces its own source code as output”) in the book, but termed it a self-rep rather than a quine.\nVerb sense 2 (“to deny the importance or significance of (something obviously real or important)”) was independently coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett (1942–2024) in September 1969 in the original version of his work The Philosophical Lexicon: see the 1987 quotation.", "forms": [{"form": "quines", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "quining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "quine (third-person singular simple present quines, present participle quining, simple past and past participle quined)", "name": "en-verb"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "transitive"}, "expansion": "(transitive)", "name": "term-label"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1979, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Air on G’s String”, in Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN, part II (EGB), page 435:", "text": "Anyway, now I know how to quine a phrase. It's quite amusing. Here's a quined phrase: / \"IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT\" IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT. / It's silly but all the same I enjoy it. You take a sentence fragment, quine it, and lo and behold, you've made a sentence! A true sentence, in this case.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1984, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Analogies and Metaphors to Explain Gödel’s Theorem”, in Douglas M. Campbell, John C. Higgins, editors, Mathematics: People, Problems, Results, Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth International, →ISBN, page 274:", "text": "\"Quining\" is what I called it in my book. (He certainly didn't call it that!) Quining is an operation that I define on any string of English. […] Here is an example of a quined phrase: \"is a sentence with no subject\" is a sentence with no subject.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1997, N[athaniel] S. Hellerstein, “Metamathemics”, in Diamond: A Paradox Logic (Series on Knots and Everything; 14), Singapore: World Scientific, →ISBN, part 2 (Advanced Diamond Logic), page 183:", "text": "Diamond arises in Gödelian meta-mathematics. In meta-math, sentences can refer to each other’s provability, and to quining. This yields self-reference: T = “‘is provable when quined’ is provable when quined.” / D = “‘is unprovable when quined’ is unprovable when quined.” […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001 October 1, Howard Mirowitz, “Why is L&T in Quotation Marks?”, in rec.music.dylan (Usenet):", "text": "In \"Love And Theft\", [Bob] Dylan quined the love and theft in his songs in the album's title, \"Love And Theft\". So the subtext, the meaning of the entire album, when preceded by its quotation, its symbol, yields a paradox.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To append (a text) to a quotation of itself."], "links": [["append", "append#Verb"], ["text", "text#Noun"], ["quotation", "quotation"]], "senseid": ["en:append"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Philosophy"], "examples": [{"ref": "[1987, Daniel Dennett, “quine, v.”, in Kathleen Atkins [et al.], edited by Daniel Dennett, The Philosophical Lexicon, 8th edition, Newark, Del.: American Philosophical Association, distributor, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-07-10:", "text": "quine. v. (1) To deny resolutely the existence or importance of something real or significant. \"Some philosophers have quined classes, and some have even quined physical objects.\" Occasionally used intr[ansitively], e.g., \"You think I quine, sir. I assure you I do not!\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1993, Howard Margolis, “The Overthrow of Phlogiston: 2”, in Paradigms & Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs, Chicago, Ill.; London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 62:", "text": "As with the puzzle of what happens during the combustion of a metal in pure oxygen (the \"steel wool\" experiment), this result can of course be quined. Taking the phlogistic view, we could say that the calx requires the same phlogiston content as the metal, so of course the amount of water absorbed must be in accord with that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1999, Elizabeth Pacherie, “Qualia and Representations”, in Denis Fisette, editor, Consciousness and Intentionality: Models and Modalities of Attribution (The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, part 2 (Qualia and Perception), page 119:", "text": "They [some philosophers] deny that mental states and events actually possess the qualitative properties attributed to them by qualia friends and, as a consequence, they advocate quining qualia.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Don Ross, “Introduction: The Dennettian Stance”, in Don Ross, Andrew Brook, David Thompson, editors, Dennett’s Philosophy: A Comprehensive Assessment (A Bradford Book), Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 14:", "text": "Qualia are quined not because [Daniel] Dennett imagines that there is nothing it is like to be conscious, but because no clear demarcation can be drawn between representations of qualitative properties and representations of other sorts of states.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2008, Daniel Barnett, “The Private Language Machine and the Evolution of a Medium”, in Movement as Meaning: In Experimental Film (Consciousness, Literature & the Arts; 13), Amsterdam, North Holland; New York, N.Y.: Editions Rodopi, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Dynamic and Syntactic Universals), page 114:", "text": "One of the things that [Ludwig] Wittgenstein is most famous for is quining 'private language'. By saying that private languages can't exist Wittgenstein wanted us to recognize the inescapable function of the social fabric in language's work.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, Andrew Pessin, “Mental Transparency, Direct Sensation, and the Unity of the Cartesian Mind”, in Jon Miller, editor, Topics in Early Modern Philosophy of Mind (Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind; 9), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer, →ISBN, page 34:", "text": "One might object that in this section I’ve not exactly quined Cartesian qualia, since my denial of the reality of phenomenal colour comes at the cost of accepting the \"qualitative character\" of sensory experience, with which contemporary philosophers, in fact, often identify qualia.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "links": [["philosophy", "philosophy"], ["deny", "deny"], ["existence", "existence"], ["significance", "significance"], ["obviously", "obviously"], ["real", "real#Adjective"], ["important", "important"]], "raw_glosses": ["(philosophy) To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "senseid": ["en:philosophy"], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "philosophy", "sciences"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kwaɪn/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quine.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aɪn"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to append (a text) to a quotation of itself", "word": "liittää lainauksena itseensä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)", "word": "kieltää (tosiasia)"}], "wikipedia": ["American Philosophical Association", "Epimenides", "Kathleen Atkins", "The Philosophical Lexicon", "indirect self-referencing"], "word": "quine"}

quine (English verb) quine/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adjectives", "English coinages", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English eponyms", "English learned borrowings from Latin", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms borrowed from Latin", "English terms coined by Daniel Dennett", "English terms coined by Douglas Hofstadter", "English terms derived from Latin", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *pénkʷe", "English transitive verbs", "English uncomparable adjectives", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/aɪn", "Rhymes:English/aɪn/1 syllable", "Terms with Finnish translations", "en:Five"], "derived": [{"word": "quiner"}, {"tags": ["adjective"], "word": "quined"}, {"tags": ["noun"], "word": "quining"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "logician and philosopher", "2": "", "3": "", "4": "", "5": ""}, "expansion": "logician and philosopher", "name": "named-after/list"}, {"args": {}, "expansion": "|", "name": "!"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine"}, "expansion": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "name": "lang"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Willard Van Orman Quine", "born": "1908", "died": "2000", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "logician and philosopher", "wplink": "="}, "expansion": "named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000)", "name": "named-after"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "append"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Douglas Hofstadter", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive and computer scientist"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter", "name": "coinage"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "computing"}, "expansion": "sense 1", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en"}, "expansion": "English", "name": "langname"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "philosophy"}, "expansion": "sense 2", "name": "senseno"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "Daniel Dennett", "nat": "the American", "nocap": "1", "occ": "cognitive scientist and philosopher"}, "expansion": "coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett", "name": "coinage"}], "etymology_text": "From Quine, named after the American logician and philosopher Willard Van Orman Quine (1908–2000).\nVerb sense 1 (“to append (a text) to a quotation of itself”) was coined by the American cognitive and computer scientist Douglas Hofstadter (born 1945) in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid (1979; see the quotation), referring to Quine’s study of indirect self-referencing and in particular Quine’s paradox, the following statement that produces a paradox: “‘Yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation’ yields falsehood when preceded by its quotation.” Hofstadter also referred to the concept of noun sense 1 (“program that produces its own source code as output”) in the book, but termed it a self-rep rather than a quine.\nVerb sense 2 (“to deny the importance or significance of (something obviously real or important)”) was independently coined by the American cognitive scientist and philosopher Daniel Dennett (1942–2024) in September 1969 in the original version of his work The Philosophical Lexicon: see the 1987 quotation.", "forms": [{"form": "quines", "tags": ["present", "singular", "third-person"]}, {"form": "quining", "tags": ["participle", "present"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["participle", "past"]}, {"form": "quined", "tags": ["past"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "quine (third-person singular simple present quines, present participle quining, simple past and past participle quined)", "name": "en-verb"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "transitive"}, "expansion": "(transitive)", "name": "term-label"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1979, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Air on G’s String”, in Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, →ISBN, part II (EGB), page 435:", "text": "Anyway, now I know how to quine a phrase. It's quite amusing. Here's a quined phrase: / \"IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT\" IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT. / It's silly but all the same I enjoy it. You take a sentence fragment, quine it, and lo and behold, you've made a sentence! A true sentence, in this case.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1984, Douglas R[ichard] Hofstadter, “Analogies and Metaphors to Explain Gödel’s Theorem”, in Douglas M. Campbell, John C. Higgins, editors, Mathematics: People, Problems, Results, Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth International, →ISBN, page 274:", "text": "\"Quining\" is what I called it in my book. (He certainly didn't call it that!) Quining is an operation that I define on any string of English. […] Here is an example of a quined phrase: \"is a sentence with no subject\" is a sentence with no subject.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1997, N[athaniel] S. Hellerstein, “Metamathemics”, in Diamond: A Paradox Logic (Series on Knots and Everything; 14), Singapore: World Scientific, →ISBN, part 2 (Advanced Diamond Logic), page 183:", "text": "Diamond arises in Gödelian meta-mathematics. In meta-math, sentences can refer to each other’s provability, and to quining. This yields self-reference: T = “‘is provable when quined’ is provable when quined.” / D = “‘is unprovable when quined’ is unprovable when quined.” […]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001 October 1, Howard Mirowitz, “Why is L&T in Quotation Marks?”, in rec.music.dylan (Usenet):", "text": "In \"Love And Theft\", [Bob] Dylan quined the love and theft in his songs in the album's title, \"Love And Theft\". So the subtext, the meaning of the entire album, when preceded by its quotation, its symbol, yields a paradox.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To append (a text) to a quotation of itself."], "links": [["append", "append#Verb"], ["text", "text#Noun"], ["quotation", "quotation"]], "senseid": ["en:append"], "tags": ["transitive"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "en:Philosophy"], "examples": [{"ref": "[1987, Daniel Dennett, “quine, v.”, in Kathleen Atkins [et al.], edited by Daniel Dennett, The Philosophical Lexicon, 8th edition, Newark, Del.: American Philosophical Association, distributor, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-07-10:", "text": "quine. v. (1) To deny resolutely the existence or importance of something real or significant. \"Some philosophers have quined classes, and some have even quined physical objects.\" Occasionally used intr[ansitively], e.g., \"You think I quine, sir. I assure you I do not!\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1993, Howard Margolis, “The Overthrow of Phlogiston: 2”, in Paradigms & Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs, Chicago, Ill.; London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 62:", "text": "As with the puzzle of what happens during the combustion of a metal in pure oxygen (the \"steel wool\" experiment), this result can of course be quined. Taking the phlogistic view, we could say that the calx requires the same phlogiston content as the metal, so of course the amount of water absorbed must be in accord with that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1999, Elizabeth Pacherie, “Qualia and Representations”, in Denis Fisette, editor, Consciousness and Intentionality: Models and Modalities of Attribution (The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, part 2 (Qualia and Perception), page 119:", "text": "They [some philosophers] deny that mental states and events actually possess the qualitative properties attributed to them by qualia friends and, as a consequence, they advocate quining qualia.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Don Ross, “Introduction: The Dennettian Stance”, in Don Ross, Andrew Brook, David Thompson, editors, Dennett’s Philosophy: A Comprehensive Assessment (A Bradford Book), Cambridge, Mass.; London: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 14:", "text": "Qualia are quined not because [Daniel] Dennett imagines that there is nothing it is like to be conscious, but because no clear demarcation can be drawn between representations of qualitative properties and representations of other sorts of states.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2008, Daniel Barnett, “The Private Language Machine and the Evolution of a Medium”, in Movement as Meaning: In Experimental Film (Consciousness, Literature & the Arts; 13), Amsterdam, North Holland; New York, N.Y.: Editions Rodopi, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Dynamic and Syntactic Universals), page 114:", "text": "One of the things that [Ludwig] Wittgenstein is most famous for is quining 'private language'. By saying that private languages can't exist Wittgenstein wanted us to recognize the inescapable function of the social fabric in language's work.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2009, Andrew Pessin, “Mental Transparency, Direct Sensation, and the Unity of the Cartesian Mind”, in Jon Miller, editor, Topics in Early Modern Philosophy of Mind (Studies in the History of Philosophy of Mind; 9), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer, →ISBN, page 34:", "text": "One might object that in this section I’ve not exactly quined Cartesian qualia, since my denial of the reality of phenomenal colour comes at the cost of accepting the \"qualitative character\" of sensory experience, with which contemporary philosophers, in fact, often identify qualia.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "links": [["philosophy", "philosophy"], ["deny", "deny"], ["existence", "existence"], ["significance", "significance"], ["obviously", "obviously"], ["real", "real#Adjective"], ["important", "important"]], "raw_glosses": ["(philosophy) To deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)."], "senseid": ["en:philosophy"], "tags": ["transitive"], "topics": ["human-sciences", "philosophy", "sciences"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/kwaɪn/", "tags": ["General-American", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-quine.wav", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-quine.wav.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-aɪn"}], "translations": [{"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to append (a text) to a quotation of itself", "word": "liittää lainauksena itseensä"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to deny the existence or significance of (something obviously real or important)", "word": "kieltää (tosiasia)"}], "wikipedia": ["American Philosophical Association", "Epimenides", "Kathleen Atkins", "The Philosophical Lexicon", "indirect self-referencing"], "word": "quine"}

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