before (English noun) before/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adverbs", "English conjunctions", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English sequence adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for native script for Manchu terms", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Manchu translations", "Requests for review of Old English translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/2 syllables", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Ashkun translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikai translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kunigami translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Miyako translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Pijin translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Southern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tokunoshima translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yaeyama translations", "Terms with Yonaguni translations", "Terms with Yoron translations", "en:Time"], "derived": [{"word": "accessary before the fact"}, {"word": "accessory before the fact"}, {"word": "age before beauty"}, {"word": "before-and-after"}, {"word": "before and after"}, {"word": "beforecited"}, {"word": "before dark"}, {"word": "before GTA 6"}, {"word": "beforehand"}, {"word": "before image journal"}, {"word": "before it was cool"}, {"word": "before long"}, {"word": "beforely"}, {"word": "beforemath"}, {"word": "before-mentioned"}, {"word": "beforementioned"}, {"word": "beforenamed"}, {"word": "beforeness"}, {"word": "beforenoon"}, {"word": "before one knows it"}, {"word": "before one knows where one is"}, {"word": "before one's eyes"}, {"word": "beforesaid"}, {"word": "before someone's time"}, {"word": "beforestated"}, {"word": "before the fact"}, {"word": "before the mast"}, {"word": "beforetime"}, {"word": "before times"}, {"word": "before you can say Jack Robinson"}, {"word": "before you can say knife"}, {"word": "best before date"}, {"word": "best-before date"}, {"word": "boldly go where no man has gone before"}, {"word": "bow down before the porcelain god"}, {"word": "bros before hoes"}, {"word": "bros before hos"}, {"word": "business before pleasure"}, {"word": "calm before the storm"}, {"word": "carry all before one"}, {"word": "carry everything before one"}, {"word": "carry the world before one"}, {"word": "cast pearls before swine"}, {"word": "check yourself before you wreck yourself"}, {"word": "chicks before dicks"}, {"word": "come before"}, {"word": "crawl before one can walk"}, {"word": "crawl before one walks"}, {"word": "cross a bridge before one comes to it"}, {"word": "day before yesterday"}, {"word": "dicks before chicks"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before they're hatched"}, {"word": "feels before reals"}, {"word": "fingers were made before forks"}, {"word": "halloo before one is out of the wood"}, {"word": "hereinbefore"}, {"word": "hoes before bros"}, {"word": "in before"}, {"word": "it is always darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is always darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "I've never heard it called that before"}, {"word": "jump before one is pushed"}, {"word": "kneel before"}, {"word": "know how to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "land before time"}, {"word": "learn to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "leg before"}, {"word": "leg before wicket"}, {"word": "lie before"}, {"word": "look before one leaps"}, {"word": "lull before the storm"}, {"word": "make-before-break"}, {"word": "milk before meat"}, {"word": "misters before sisters"}, {"word": "morning after the night before"}, {"word": "not before time"}, {"word": "nothing is said that has not been said before"}, {"word": "one's father was born before one"}, {"word": "pearls before swine"}, {"word": "pride comes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride cometh before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goeth before a fall"}, {"word": "pride wenteth before a fall"}, {"word": "put before"}, {"word": "put the cart before the horse"}, {"word": "run before"}, {"word": "sisters before misters"}, {"word": "tears before bedtime"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is always just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the day before"}, {"word": "the night before last"}, {"word": "therebefore"}, {"word": "thereinbefore"}, {"word": "throw pearls before swine"}, {"word": "time before time"}, {"word": "whereinbefore"}, {"word": "wrap it before you tap it"}, {"word": "you must spoil before you spin"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "Inherited"}, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore"}, "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "beforan"}, "expansion": "Old English beforan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*furai"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furai", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "", "5": "front"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "befoar", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds-de", "2": "bevör", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German Low German bevör (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bevor", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German bevor (“before”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore, from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).", "forms": [{"form": "befores", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "before (plural befores)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["be‧fore"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "Coordinate term: after"}, {"ref": "1918 April, “Before and After”, in Arthur Deerin Call, editor, Advocate of Peace, volume LXXX, number 4, Washington, D.C.: American Peace Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Editorial Notes” section, page 105, column 2:", "text": "On the left of the double column of photographs are the “befores.” Look at them! Fine boys all, yet here is an unformed mouth; there, a fine face just missing strength by a slight over-plumpness of feature; below, a clever face just a shade too “smart”; on the next page, a form too slight and beginning to stoop. On the right are the “afters.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Mary Lutyens, chapter 8, in Cleo, London: Michael Joseph, →ISBN, page 164:", "text": "I told them that I was taking part in a ‘Before and After’ feature for the magazine. The beauty editor had picked a couple of girls in the office to experiment on. ‘I always think that the befores look better than the afters in that kind of experiment,’ Aunt G said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, Meagan Cass, “Calling All Soloflex Men”, in ActivAmerica, Denton, Tex.: University of North Texas Press, →ISBN, page 100:", "text": "Sometimes we’d agree the person looked better in their before. Happier somehow. More themselves before the muscles. […] Other times we’d laugh at the befores. I’d make a crack, something like, “People should need a special government ID to buy spandex like that. It’s a question of public safety.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference before a specified treatment."], "links": [["before-and-after", "before-and-after"], ["image", "image"]]}, {"categories": ["English poetic terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1982, Hugh Seidman, “Hymn”, in Throne/Falcon/Eye: Poems, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN; quoted in Michael Heller, “SEIDMAN, Hugh”, in edited by James Vinson and D[aniel] L[ane] Kirkpatrick, Contemporary Poets (Contemporary Writers of the English Language), 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1985, →ISBN, pages 763–764:", "text": "As all are commanded to yield like the mummy when the dung beetle rolls the sun / before all the befores of the trillion nights past night and day / though I knew that the broken receding mouth of the Sphinx had nothing to add / of resurrection in the history of its grimace.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1995, Maria Luisa Spaziani, translated by Laura Stortoni, “The Aegean”, in Sentry Towers, Berkeley, Calif.: Hesperia Press, →ISBN, page 41:", "text": "Your music has lasted since the beginning of the world. A stone was born in the waters. […] Voice rising to heaven, pure music, green primal root, mother-sea, before all the befores.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1998, Janice Kulyk Keefer, “Prologue: A Bridge of Words”, in Honey and Ashes: A Story of Family, Toronto, Ont.: HarperPerennialCanada, →ISBN, page 3:", "text": "Yet when I was a child, I stood with my mother on that distant shore, or walked with her up the road, past orchards of plums and pears, past fields narrow as piano keys. To the village where she was born, and her mother before her; all other mothers, all the befores that ever were.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Daniel Villasenor, chapter 6, in The Lake, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, page 30:", "text": "Because we’re in debt to that before, to all the befores where the life was before the words. Every time we pick up a hammer and a nail there’s a dead man in it who built a lean-to out of the weather in Wyoming in December or a farmer in Latin America someplace on the back of a mule-drawn cart broken down with a town’s vegetables rotting in the sun or a Mennonite right over there in McGaheysville this minute saying no to some nigh useless particle board siding and still fashioning his house with his hand.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001, Ezra Scott, “Anavak’s Tale”, in Angel Up My Sleeve, Santa Fe, N.M.: Fontanel Books, →ISBN, page 25:", "text": "For high in the brightest tower of Light Castle, one thing shone still brighter—the Princess of Light! She came from before all the befores, from a place that is no place. Not fire. Not water. Not air. Not earth. No place. Neither solid, nor liquid, nor gas. Nothing to speak of.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2003, Cynn Chadwick, chapter 16, in Cat Rising, Binghamton, N.Y.: Alice Street Editions, →ISBN, page 236:", "text": "The packing that took all week to finish had also taken her mind off Mike. Less and less she found herself weeping. Her focus was on the nexts. There was little time now to think about all the befores. Today would put an end to the last leftover one.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mary E. Pearson, chapter 74, in The Fox Inheritance (Jenna Fox Chronicles; 2), New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 285:", "text": "We talk about all the befores. The stupid things we did. The funny things. The times she made us laugh.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["That which occurred or existed previously."], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon, often poetic) That which occurred or existed previously."], "tags": ["often", "poetic", "uncommon"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999 March, Julia Vinograd, “The Homeless”, in Street Spirit, volume 5, number 3, San Francisco, Calif.: American Friends Service Committee, →OCLC, page 13:", "text": "A big wind blew all their befores away. Impacted teeth grew over their names. Even the lines in their hands unraveled, these are the lines they stand in to ask for their hands back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, Walee [pseudonym], “I Never Can Say Goodbye”, in What’s on the Menu? All of Me! Literary Entrees Prepared by Walee, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, chapter 3, page 55:", "text": "I guess I should have known from all the befores / that when it’s all said and done / I don’t want to be / I won’t stand to be / I refuse to be / anything but YOURS", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2015, Sarah Pinborough, chapter 14, in The Death House, London: Gollancz, →ISBN, page 160:", "text": "They were chatting and laughing and it made my heart hurt. They were getting out. Returning to whatever their befores were. They didn’t even glance back at the house as they climbed into the waiting vehicles.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A previous form or instance."], "links": [["previous", "previous"], ["form", "form"], ["instance", "instance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) A previous form or instance."], "tags": ["rare"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "bĭfôʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfɔː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "bəfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bēfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bəˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/biˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfōrʹ", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoə/", "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"audio": "en-us-before.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg/En-us-before.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "befo"}, {"english": "African-American Vernacular", "tags": ["pronunciation-spelling"], "word": "befo'"}, {"word": "b4"}, {"tags": ["Internet"], "word": "be4"}], "word": "before"}
before (English noun) before/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adverbs", "English conjunctions", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English sequence adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for native script for Manchu terms", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Manchu translations", "Requests for review of Old English translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/2 syllables", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Ashkun translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikai translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kunigami translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Miyako translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Pijin translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Southern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tokunoshima translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yaeyama translations", "Terms with Yonaguni translations", "Terms with Yoron translations", "en:Time"], "derived": [{"word": "accessary before the fact"}, {"word": "accessory before the fact"}, {"word": "age before beauty"}, {"word": "before-and-after"}, {"word": "before and after"}, {"word": "beforecited"}, {"word": "before dark"}, {"word": "before GTA 6"}, {"word": "beforehand"}, {"word": "before image journal"}, {"word": "before it was cool"}, {"word": "before long"}, {"word": "beforely"}, {"word": "beforemath"}, {"word": "before-mentioned"}, {"word": "beforementioned"}, {"word": "beforenamed"}, {"word": "beforeness"}, {"word": "beforenoon"}, {"word": "before one knows it"}, {"word": "before one knows where one is"}, {"word": "before one's eyes"}, {"word": "beforesaid"}, {"word": "before someone's time"}, {"word": "beforestated"}, {"word": "before the fact"}, {"word": "before the mast"}, {"word": "beforetime"}, {"word": "before times"}, {"word": "before you can say Jack Robinson"}, {"word": "before you can say knife"}, {"word": "best before date"}, {"word": "best-before date"}, {"word": "boldly go where no man has gone before"}, {"word": "bow down before the porcelain god"}, {"word": "bros before hoes"}, {"word": "bros before hos"}, {"word": "business before pleasure"}, {"word": "calm before the storm"}, {"word": "carry all before one"}, {"word": "carry everything before one"}, {"word": "carry the world before one"}, {"word": "cast pearls before swine"}, {"word": "check yourself before you wreck yourself"}, {"word": "chicks before dicks"}, {"word": "come before"}, {"word": "crawl before one can walk"}, {"word": "crawl before one walks"}, {"word": "cross a bridge before one comes to it"}, {"word": "day before yesterday"}, {"word": "dicks before chicks"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before they're hatched"}, {"word": "feels before reals"}, {"word": "fingers were made before forks"}, {"word": "halloo before one is out of the wood"}, {"word": "hereinbefore"}, {"word": "hoes before bros"}, {"word": "in before"}, {"word": "it is always darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is always darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "I've never heard it called that before"}, {"word": "jump before one is pushed"}, {"word": "kneel before"}, {"word": "know how to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "land before time"}, {"word": "learn to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "leg before"}, {"word": "leg before wicket"}, {"word": "lie before"}, {"word": "look before one leaps"}, {"word": "lull before the storm"}, {"word": "make-before-break"}, {"word": "milk before meat"}, {"word": "misters before sisters"}, {"word": "morning after the night before"}, {"word": "not before time"}, {"word": "nothing is said that has not been said before"}, {"word": "one's father was born before one"}, {"word": "pearls before swine"}, {"word": "pride comes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride cometh before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goeth before a fall"}, {"word": "pride wenteth before a fall"}, {"word": "put before"}, {"word": "put the cart before the horse"}, {"word": "run before"}, {"word": "sisters before misters"}, {"word": "tears before bedtime"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is always just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the day before"}, {"word": "the night before last"}, {"word": "therebefore"}, {"word": "thereinbefore"}, {"word": "throw pearls before swine"}, {"word": "time before time"}, {"word": "whereinbefore"}, {"word": "wrap it before you tap it"}, {"word": "you must spoil before you spin"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "Inherited"}, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore"}, "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "beforan"}, "expansion": "Old English beforan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*furai"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furai", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "", "5": "front"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "befoar", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds-de", "2": "bevör", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German Low German bevör (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bevor", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German bevor (“before”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore, from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).", "forms": [{"form": "befores", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "before (plural befores)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["be‧fore"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "Coordinate term: after"}, {"ref": "1918 April, “Before and After”, in Arthur Deerin Call, editor, Advocate of Peace, volume LXXX, number 4, Washington, D.C.: American Peace Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Editorial Notes” section, page 105, column 2:", "text": "On the left of the double column of photographs are the “befores.” Look at them! Fine boys all, yet here is an unformed mouth; there, a fine face just missing strength by a slight over-plumpness of feature; below, a clever face just a shade too “smart”; on the next page, a form too slight and beginning to stoop. On the right are the “afters.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Mary Lutyens, chapter 8, in Cleo, London: Michael Joseph, →ISBN, page 164:", "text": "I told them that I was taking part in a ‘Before and After’ feature for the magazine. The beauty editor had picked a couple of girls in the office to experiment on. ‘I always think that the befores look better than the afters in that kind of experiment,’ Aunt G said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, Meagan Cass, “Calling All Soloflex Men”, in ActivAmerica, Denton, Tex.: University of North Texas Press, →ISBN, page 100:", "text": "Sometimes we’d agree the person looked better in their before. Happier somehow. More themselves before the muscles. […] Other times we’d laugh at the befores. I’d make a crack, something like, “People should need a special government ID to buy spandex like that. It’s a question of public safety.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference before a specified treatment."], "links": [["before-and-after", "before-and-after"], ["image", "image"]]}, {"categories": ["English poetic terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1982, Hugh Seidman, “Hymn”, in Throne/Falcon/Eye: Poems, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN; quoted in Michael Heller, “SEIDMAN, Hugh”, in edited by James Vinson and D[aniel] L[ane] Kirkpatrick, Contemporary Poets (Contemporary Writers of the English Language), 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1985, →ISBN, pages 763–764:", "text": "As all are commanded to yield like the mummy when the dung beetle rolls the sun / before all the befores of the trillion nights past night and day / though I knew that the broken receding mouth of the Sphinx had nothing to add / of resurrection in the history of its grimace.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1995, Maria Luisa Spaziani, translated by Laura Stortoni, “The Aegean”, in Sentry Towers, Berkeley, Calif.: Hesperia Press, →ISBN, page 41:", "text": "Your music has lasted since the beginning of the world. A stone was born in the waters. […] Voice rising to heaven, pure music, green primal root, mother-sea, before all the befores.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1998, Janice Kulyk Keefer, “Prologue: A Bridge of Words”, in Honey and Ashes: A Story of Family, Toronto, Ont.: HarperPerennialCanada, →ISBN, page 3:", "text": "Yet when I was a child, I stood with my mother on that distant shore, or walked with her up the road, past orchards of plums and pears, past fields narrow as piano keys. To the village where she was born, and her mother before her; all other mothers, all the befores that ever were.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Daniel Villasenor, chapter 6, in The Lake, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, page 30:", "text": "Because we’re in debt to that before, to all the befores where the life was before the words. Every time we pick up a hammer and a nail there’s a dead man in it who built a lean-to out of the weather in Wyoming in December or a farmer in Latin America someplace on the back of a mule-drawn cart broken down with a town’s vegetables rotting in the sun or a Mennonite right over there in McGaheysville this minute saying no to some nigh useless particle board siding and still fashioning his house with his hand.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001, Ezra Scott, “Anavak’s Tale”, in Angel Up My Sleeve, Santa Fe, N.M.: Fontanel Books, →ISBN, page 25:", "text": "For high in the brightest tower of Light Castle, one thing shone still brighter—the Princess of Light! She came from before all the befores, from a place that is no place. Not fire. Not water. Not air. Not earth. No place. Neither solid, nor liquid, nor gas. Nothing to speak of.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2003, Cynn Chadwick, chapter 16, in Cat Rising, Binghamton, N.Y.: Alice Street Editions, →ISBN, page 236:", "text": "The packing that took all week to finish had also taken her mind off Mike. Less and less she found herself weeping. Her focus was on the nexts. There was little time now to think about all the befores. Today would put an end to the last leftover one.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mary E. Pearson, chapter 74, in The Fox Inheritance (Jenna Fox Chronicles; 2), New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 285:", "text": "We talk about all the befores. The stupid things we did. The funny things. The times she made us laugh.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["That which occurred or existed previously."], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon, often poetic) That which occurred or existed previously."], "tags": ["often", "poetic", "uncommon"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999 March, Julia Vinograd, “The Homeless”, in Street Spirit, volume 5, number 3, San Francisco, Calif.: American Friends Service Committee, →OCLC, page 13:", "text": "A big wind blew all their befores away. Impacted teeth grew over their names. Even the lines in their hands unraveled, these are the lines they stand in to ask for their hands back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, Walee [pseudonym], “I Never Can Say Goodbye”, in What’s on the Menu? All of Me! Literary Entrees Prepared by Walee, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, chapter 3, page 55:", "text": "I guess I should have known from all the befores / that when it’s all said and done / I don’t want to be / I won’t stand to be / I refuse to be / anything but YOURS", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2015, Sarah Pinborough, chapter 14, in The Death House, London: Gollancz, →ISBN, page 160:", "text": "They were chatting and laughing and it made my heart hurt. They were getting out. Returning to whatever their befores were. They didn’t even glance back at the house as they climbed into the waiting vehicles.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A previous form or instance."], "links": [["previous", "previous"], ["form", "form"], ["instance", "instance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) A previous form or instance."], "tags": ["rare"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "bĭfôʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfɔː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "bəfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bēfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bəˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/biˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfōrʹ", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoə/", "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"audio": "en-us-before.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg/En-us-before.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "befo"}, {"english": "African-American Vernacular", "tags": ["pronunciation-spelling"], "word": "befo'"}, {"word": "b4"}, {"tags": ["Internet"], "word": "be4"}], "word": "before"}
before (English noun) before/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adverbs", "English conjunctions", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English sequence adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for native script for Manchu terms", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Manchu translations", "Requests for review of Old English translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/2 syllables", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Ashkun translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikai translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kunigami translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Miyako translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Pijin translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Southern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tokunoshima translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yaeyama translations", "Terms with Yonaguni translations", "Terms with Yoron translations", "en:Time"], "derived": [{"word": "accessary before the fact"}, {"word": "accessory before the fact"}, {"word": "age before beauty"}, {"word": "before-and-after"}, {"word": "before and after"}, {"word": "beforecited"}, {"word": "before dark"}, {"word": "before GTA 6"}, {"word": "beforehand"}, {"word": "before image journal"}, {"word": "before it was cool"}, {"word": "before long"}, {"word": "beforely"}, {"word": "beforemath"}, {"word": "before-mentioned"}, {"word": "beforementioned"}, {"word": "beforenamed"}, {"word": "beforeness"}, {"word": "beforenoon"}, {"word": "before one knows it"}, {"word": "before one knows where one is"}, {"word": "before one's eyes"}, {"word": "beforesaid"}, {"word": "before someone's time"}, {"word": "beforestated"}, {"word": "before the fact"}, {"word": "before the mast"}, {"word": "beforetime"}, {"word": "before times"}, {"word": "before you can say Jack Robinson"}, {"word": "before you can say knife"}, {"word": "best before date"}, {"word": "best-before date"}, {"word": "boldly go where no man has gone before"}, {"word": "bow down before the porcelain god"}, {"word": "bros before hoes"}, {"word": "bros before hos"}, {"word": "business before pleasure"}, {"word": "calm before the storm"}, {"word": "carry all before one"}, {"word": "carry everything before one"}, {"word": "carry the world before one"}, {"word": "cast pearls before swine"}, {"word": "check yourself before you wreck yourself"}, {"word": "chicks before dicks"}, {"word": "come before"}, {"word": "crawl before one can walk"}, {"word": "crawl before one walks"}, {"word": "cross a bridge before one comes to it"}, {"word": "day before yesterday"}, {"word": "dicks before chicks"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before they're hatched"}, {"word": "feels before reals"}, {"word": "fingers were made before forks"}, {"word": "halloo before one is out of the wood"}, {"word": "hereinbefore"}, {"word": "hoes before bros"}, {"word": "in before"}, {"word": "it is always darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is always darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "I've never heard it called that before"}, {"word": "jump before one is pushed"}, {"word": "kneel before"}, {"word": "know how to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "land before time"}, {"word": "learn to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "leg before"}, {"word": "leg before wicket"}, {"word": "lie before"}, {"word": "look before one leaps"}, {"word": "lull before the storm"}, {"word": "make-before-break"}, {"word": "milk before meat"}, {"word": "misters before sisters"}, {"word": "morning after the night before"}, {"word": "not before time"}, {"word": "nothing is said that has not been said before"}, {"word": "one's father was born before one"}, {"word": "pearls before swine"}, {"word": "pride comes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride cometh before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goeth before a fall"}, {"word": "pride wenteth before a fall"}, {"word": "put before"}, {"word": "put the cart before the horse"}, {"word": "run before"}, {"word": "sisters before misters"}, {"word": "tears before bedtime"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is always just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the day before"}, {"word": "the night before last"}, {"word": "therebefore"}, {"word": "thereinbefore"}, {"word": "throw pearls before swine"}, {"word": "time before time"}, {"word": "whereinbefore"}, {"word": "wrap it before you tap it"}, {"word": "you must spoil before you spin"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "Inherited"}, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore"}, "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "beforan"}, "expansion": "Old English beforan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*furai"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furai", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "", "5": "front"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "befoar", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds-de", "2": "bevör", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German Low German bevör (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bevor", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German bevor (“before”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore, from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).", "forms": [{"form": "befores", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "before (plural befores)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["be‧fore"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "Coordinate term: after"}, {"ref": "1918 April, “Before and After”, in Arthur Deerin Call, editor, Advocate of Peace, volume LXXX, number 4, Washington, D.C.: American Peace Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Editorial Notes” section, page 105, column 2:", "text": "On the left of the double column of photographs are the “befores.” Look at them! Fine boys all, yet here is an unformed mouth; there, a fine face just missing strength by a slight over-plumpness of feature; below, a clever face just a shade too “smart”; on the next page, a form too slight and beginning to stoop. On the right are the “afters.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Mary Lutyens, chapter 8, in Cleo, London: Michael Joseph, →ISBN, page 164:", "text": "I told them that I was taking part in a ‘Before and After’ feature for the magazine. The beauty editor had picked a couple of girls in the office to experiment on. ‘I always think that the befores look better than the afters in that kind of experiment,’ Aunt G said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, Meagan Cass, “Calling All Soloflex Men”, in ActivAmerica, Denton, Tex.: University of North Texas Press, →ISBN, page 100:", "text": "Sometimes we’d agree the person looked better in their before. Happier somehow. More themselves before the muscles. […] Other times we’d laugh at the befores. I’d make a crack, something like, “People should need a special government ID to buy spandex like that. It’s a question of public safety.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference before a specified treatment."], "links": [["before-and-after", "before-and-after"], ["image", "image"]]}, {"categories": ["English poetic terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1982, Hugh Seidman, “Hymn”, in Throne/Falcon/Eye: Poems, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN; quoted in Michael Heller, “SEIDMAN, Hugh”, in edited by James Vinson and D[aniel] L[ane] Kirkpatrick, Contemporary Poets (Contemporary Writers of the English Language), 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1985, →ISBN, pages 763–764:", "text": "As all are commanded to yield like the mummy when the dung beetle rolls the sun / before all the befores of the trillion nights past night and day / though I knew that the broken receding mouth of the Sphinx had nothing to add / of resurrection in the history of its grimace.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1995, Maria Luisa Spaziani, translated by Laura Stortoni, “The Aegean”, in Sentry Towers, Berkeley, Calif.: Hesperia Press, →ISBN, page 41:", "text": "Your music has lasted since the beginning of the world. A stone was born in the waters. […] Voice rising to heaven, pure music, green primal root, mother-sea, before all the befores.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1998, Janice Kulyk Keefer, “Prologue: A Bridge of Words”, in Honey and Ashes: A Story of Family, Toronto, Ont.: HarperPerennialCanada, →ISBN, page 3:", "text": "Yet when I was a child, I stood with my mother on that distant shore, or walked with her up the road, past orchards of plums and pears, past fields narrow as piano keys. To the village where she was born, and her mother before her; all other mothers, all the befores that ever were.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Daniel Villasenor, chapter 6, in The Lake, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, page 30:", "text": "Because we’re in debt to that before, to all the befores where the life was before the words. Every time we pick up a hammer and a nail there’s a dead man in it who built a lean-to out of the weather in Wyoming in December or a farmer in Latin America someplace on the back of a mule-drawn cart broken down with a town’s vegetables rotting in the sun or a Mennonite right over there in McGaheysville this minute saying no to some nigh useless particle board siding and still fashioning his house with his hand.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001, Ezra Scott, “Anavak’s Tale”, in Angel Up My Sleeve, Santa Fe, N.M.: Fontanel Books, →ISBN, page 25:", "text": "For high in the brightest tower of Light Castle, one thing shone still brighter—the Princess of Light! She came from before all the befores, from a place that is no place. Not fire. Not water. Not air. Not earth. No place. Neither solid, nor liquid, nor gas. Nothing to speak of.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2003, Cynn Chadwick, chapter 16, in Cat Rising, Binghamton, N.Y.: Alice Street Editions, →ISBN, page 236:", "text": "The packing that took all week to finish had also taken her mind off Mike. Less and less she found herself weeping. Her focus was on the nexts. There was little time now to think about all the befores. Today would put an end to the last leftover one.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mary E. Pearson, chapter 74, in The Fox Inheritance (Jenna Fox Chronicles; 2), New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 285:", "text": "We talk about all the befores. The stupid things we did. The funny things. The times she made us laugh.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["That which occurred or existed previously."], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon, often poetic) That which occurred or existed previously."], "tags": ["often", "poetic", "uncommon"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999 March, Julia Vinograd, “The Homeless”, in Street Spirit, volume 5, number 3, San Francisco, Calif.: American Friends Service Committee, →OCLC, page 13:", "text": "A big wind blew all their befores away. Impacted teeth grew over their names. Even the lines in their hands unraveled, these are the lines they stand in to ask for their hands back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, Walee [pseudonym], “I Never Can Say Goodbye”, in What’s on the Menu? All of Me! Literary Entrees Prepared by Walee, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, chapter 3, page 55:", "text": "I guess I should have known from all the befores / that when it’s all said and done / I don’t want to be / I won’t stand to be / I refuse to be / anything but YOURS", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2015, Sarah Pinborough, chapter 14, in The Death House, London: Gollancz, →ISBN, page 160:", "text": "They were chatting and laughing and it made my heart hurt. They were getting out. Returning to whatever their befores were. They didn’t even glance back at the house as they climbed into the waiting vehicles.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A previous form or instance."], "links": [["previous", "previous"], ["form", "form"], ["instance", "instance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) A previous form or instance."], "tags": ["rare"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "bĭfôʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfɔː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "bəfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bēfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bəˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/biˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfōrʹ", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoə/", "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"audio": "en-us-before.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg/En-us-before.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "befo"}, {"english": "African-American Vernacular", "tags": ["pronunciation-spelling"], "word": "befo'"}, {"word": "b4"}, {"tags": ["Internet"], "word": "be4"}], "word": "before"}
before (English noun) before/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adverbs", "English conjunctions", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English sequence adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for native script for Manchu terms", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Manchu translations", "Requests for review of Old English translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/2 syllables", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Ashkun translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikai translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kunigami translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Miyako translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Pijin translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Southern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tokunoshima translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yaeyama translations", "Terms with Yonaguni translations", "Terms with Yoron translations", "en:Time"], "derived": [{"word": "accessary before the fact"}, {"word": "accessory before the fact"}, {"word": "age before beauty"}, {"word": "before-and-after"}, {"word": "before and after"}, {"word": "beforecited"}, {"word": "before dark"}, {"word": "before GTA 6"}, {"word": "beforehand"}, {"word": "before image journal"}, {"word": "before it was cool"}, {"word": "before long"}, {"word": "beforely"}, {"word": "beforemath"}, {"word": "before-mentioned"}, {"word": "beforementioned"}, {"word": "beforenamed"}, {"word": "beforeness"}, {"word": "beforenoon"}, {"word": "before one knows it"}, {"word": "before one knows where one is"}, {"word": "before one's eyes"}, {"word": "beforesaid"}, {"word": "before someone's time"}, {"word": "beforestated"}, {"word": "before the fact"}, {"word": "before the mast"}, {"word": "beforetime"}, {"word": "before times"}, {"word": "before you can say Jack Robinson"}, {"word": "before you can say knife"}, {"word": "best before date"}, {"word": "best-before date"}, {"word": "boldly go where no man has gone before"}, {"word": "bow down before the porcelain god"}, {"word": "bros before hoes"}, {"word": "bros before hos"}, {"word": "business before pleasure"}, {"word": "calm before the storm"}, {"word": "carry all before one"}, {"word": "carry everything before one"}, {"word": "carry the world before one"}, {"word": "cast pearls before swine"}, {"word": "check yourself before you wreck yourself"}, {"word": "chicks before dicks"}, {"word": "come before"}, {"word": "crawl before one can walk"}, {"word": "crawl before one walks"}, {"word": "cross a bridge before one comes to it"}, {"word": "day before yesterday"}, {"word": "dicks before chicks"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before they're hatched"}, {"word": "feels before reals"}, {"word": "fingers were made before forks"}, {"word": "halloo before one is out of the wood"}, {"word": "hereinbefore"}, {"word": "hoes before bros"}, {"word": "in before"}, {"word": "it is always darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is always darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "I've never heard it called that before"}, {"word": "jump before one is pushed"}, {"word": "kneel before"}, {"word": "know how to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "land before time"}, {"word": "learn to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "leg before"}, {"word": "leg before wicket"}, {"word": "lie before"}, {"word": "look before one leaps"}, {"word": "lull before the storm"}, {"word": "make-before-break"}, {"word": "milk before meat"}, {"word": "misters before sisters"}, {"word": "morning after the night before"}, {"word": "not before time"}, {"word": "nothing is said that has not been said before"}, {"word": "one's father was born before one"}, {"word": "pearls before swine"}, {"word": "pride comes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride cometh before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goeth before a fall"}, {"word": "pride wenteth before a fall"}, {"word": "put before"}, {"word": "put the cart before the horse"}, {"word": "run before"}, {"word": "sisters before misters"}, {"word": "tears before bedtime"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is always just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the day before"}, {"word": "the night before last"}, {"word": "therebefore"}, {"word": "thereinbefore"}, {"word": "throw pearls before swine"}, {"word": "time before time"}, {"word": "whereinbefore"}, {"word": "wrap it before you tap it"}, {"word": "you must spoil before you spin"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "Inherited"}, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore"}, "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "beforan"}, "expansion": "Old English beforan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*furai"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furai", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "", "5": "front"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "befoar", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds-de", "2": "bevör", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German Low German bevör (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bevor", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German bevor (“before”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore, from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).", "forms": [{"form": "befores", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "before (plural befores)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["be‧fore"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "Coordinate term: after"}, {"ref": "1918 April, “Before and After”, in Arthur Deerin Call, editor, Advocate of Peace, volume LXXX, number 4, Washington, D.C.: American Peace Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Editorial Notes” section, page 105, column 2:", "text": "On the left of the double column of photographs are the “befores.” Look at them! Fine boys all, yet here is an unformed mouth; there, a fine face just missing strength by a slight over-plumpness of feature; below, a clever face just a shade too “smart”; on the next page, a form too slight and beginning to stoop. On the right are the “afters.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Mary Lutyens, chapter 8, in Cleo, London: Michael Joseph, →ISBN, page 164:", "text": "I told them that I was taking part in a ‘Before and After’ feature for the magazine. The beauty editor had picked a couple of girls in the office to experiment on. ‘I always think that the befores look better than the afters in that kind of experiment,’ Aunt G said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, Meagan Cass, “Calling All Soloflex Men”, in ActivAmerica, Denton, Tex.: University of North Texas Press, →ISBN, page 100:", "text": "Sometimes we’d agree the person looked better in their before. Happier somehow. More themselves before the muscles. […] Other times we’d laugh at the befores. I’d make a crack, something like, “People should need a special government ID to buy spandex like that. It’s a question of public safety.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference before a specified treatment."], "links": [["before-and-after", "before-and-after"], ["image", "image"]]}, {"categories": ["English poetic terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1982, Hugh Seidman, “Hymn”, in Throne/Falcon/Eye: Poems, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN; quoted in Michael Heller, “SEIDMAN, Hugh”, in edited by James Vinson and D[aniel] L[ane] Kirkpatrick, Contemporary Poets (Contemporary Writers of the English Language), 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1985, →ISBN, pages 763–764:", "text": "As all are commanded to yield like the mummy when the dung beetle rolls the sun / before all the befores of the trillion nights past night and day / though I knew that the broken receding mouth of the Sphinx had nothing to add / of resurrection in the history of its grimace.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1995, Maria Luisa Spaziani, translated by Laura Stortoni, “The Aegean”, in Sentry Towers, Berkeley, Calif.: Hesperia Press, →ISBN, page 41:", "text": "Your music has lasted since the beginning of the world. A stone was born in the waters. […] Voice rising to heaven, pure music, green primal root, mother-sea, before all the befores.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1998, Janice Kulyk Keefer, “Prologue: A Bridge of Words”, in Honey and Ashes: A Story of Family, Toronto, Ont.: HarperPerennialCanada, →ISBN, page 3:", "text": "Yet when I was a child, I stood with my mother on that distant shore, or walked with her up the road, past orchards of plums and pears, past fields narrow as piano keys. To the village where she was born, and her mother before her; all other mothers, all the befores that ever were.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Daniel Villasenor, chapter 6, in The Lake, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, page 30:", "text": "Because we’re in debt to that before, to all the befores where the life was before the words. Every time we pick up a hammer and a nail there’s a dead man in it who built a lean-to out of the weather in Wyoming in December or a farmer in Latin America someplace on the back of a mule-drawn cart broken down with a town’s vegetables rotting in the sun or a Mennonite right over there in McGaheysville this minute saying no to some nigh useless particle board siding and still fashioning his house with his hand.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001, Ezra Scott, “Anavak’s Tale”, in Angel Up My Sleeve, Santa Fe, N.M.: Fontanel Books, →ISBN, page 25:", "text": "For high in the brightest tower of Light Castle, one thing shone still brighter—the Princess of Light! She came from before all the befores, from a place that is no place. Not fire. Not water. Not air. Not earth. No place. Neither solid, nor liquid, nor gas. Nothing to speak of.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2003, Cynn Chadwick, chapter 16, in Cat Rising, Binghamton, N.Y.: Alice Street Editions, →ISBN, page 236:", "text": "The packing that took all week to finish had also taken her mind off Mike. Less and less she found herself weeping. Her focus was on the nexts. There was little time now to think about all the befores. Today would put an end to the last leftover one.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mary E. Pearson, chapter 74, in The Fox Inheritance (Jenna Fox Chronicles; 2), New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 285:", "text": "We talk about all the befores. The stupid things we did. The funny things. The times she made us laugh.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["That which occurred or existed previously."], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon, often poetic) That which occurred or existed previously."], "tags": ["often", "poetic", "uncommon"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999 March, Julia Vinograd, “The Homeless”, in Street Spirit, volume 5, number 3, San Francisco, Calif.: American Friends Service Committee, →OCLC, page 13:", "text": "A big wind blew all their befores away. Impacted teeth grew over their names. Even the lines in their hands unraveled, these are the lines they stand in to ask for their hands back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, Walee [pseudonym], “I Never Can Say Goodbye”, in What’s on the Menu? All of Me! Literary Entrees Prepared by Walee, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, chapter 3, page 55:", "text": "I guess I should have known from all the befores / that when it’s all said and done / I don’t want to be / I won’t stand to be / I refuse to be / anything but YOURS", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2015, Sarah Pinborough, chapter 14, in The Death House, London: Gollancz, →ISBN, page 160:", "text": "They were chatting and laughing and it made my heart hurt. They were getting out. Returning to whatever their befores were. They didn’t even glance back at the house as they climbed into the waiting vehicles.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A previous form or instance."], "links": [["previous", "previous"], ["form", "form"], ["instance", "instance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) A previous form or instance."], "tags": ["rare"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "bĭfôʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfɔː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "bəfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bēfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bəˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/biˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfōrʹ", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoə/", "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"audio": "en-us-before.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg/En-us-before.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "befo"}, {"english": "African-American Vernacular", "tags": ["pronunciation-spelling"], "word": "befo'"}, {"word": "b4"}, {"tags": ["Internet"], "word": "be4"}], "word": "before"}
before (English noun) before/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adverbs", "English conjunctions", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English sequence adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for native script for Manchu terms", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Manchu translations", "Requests for review of Old English translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/2 syllables", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Ashkun translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikai translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kunigami translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Miyako translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Pijin translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Southern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tokunoshima translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yaeyama translations", "Terms with Yonaguni translations", "Terms with Yoron translations", "en:Time"], "derived": [{"word": "accessary before the fact"}, {"word": "accessory before the fact"}, {"word": "age before beauty"}, {"word": "before-and-after"}, {"word": "before and after"}, {"word": "beforecited"}, {"word": "before dark"}, {"word": "before GTA 6"}, {"word": "beforehand"}, {"word": "before image journal"}, {"word": "before it was cool"}, {"word": "before long"}, {"word": "beforely"}, {"word": "beforemath"}, {"word": "before-mentioned"}, {"word": "beforementioned"}, {"word": "beforenamed"}, {"word": "beforeness"}, {"word": "beforenoon"}, {"word": "before one knows it"}, {"word": "before one knows where one is"}, {"word": "before one's eyes"}, {"word": "beforesaid"}, {"word": "before someone's time"}, {"word": "beforestated"}, {"word": "before the fact"}, {"word": "before the mast"}, {"word": "beforetime"}, {"word": "before times"}, {"word": "before you can say Jack Robinson"}, {"word": "before you can say knife"}, {"word": "best before date"}, {"word": "best-before date"}, {"word": "boldly go where no man has gone before"}, {"word": "bow down before the porcelain god"}, {"word": "bros before hoes"}, {"word": "bros before hos"}, {"word": "business before pleasure"}, {"word": "calm before the storm"}, {"word": "carry all before one"}, {"word": "carry everything before one"}, {"word": "carry the world before one"}, {"word": "cast pearls before swine"}, {"word": "check yourself before you wreck yourself"}, {"word": "chicks before dicks"}, {"word": "come before"}, {"word": "crawl before one can walk"}, {"word": "crawl before one walks"}, {"word": "cross a bridge before one comes to it"}, {"word": "day before yesterday"}, {"word": "dicks before chicks"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before they're hatched"}, {"word": "feels before reals"}, {"word": "fingers were made before forks"}, {"word": "halloo before one is out of the wood"}, {"word": "hereinbefore"}, {"word": "hoes before bros"}, {"word": "in before"}, {"word": "it is always darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is always darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "I've never heard it called that before"}, {"word": "jump before one is pushed"}, {"word": "kneel before"}, {"word": "know how to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "land before time"}, {"word": "learn to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "leg before"}, {"word": "leg before wicket"}, {"word": "lie before"}, {"word": "look before one leaps"}, {"word": "lull before the storm"}, {"word": "make-before-break"}, {"word": "milk before meat"}, {"word": "misters before sisters"}, {"word": "morning after the night before"}, {"word": "not before time"}, {"word": "nothing is said that has not been said before"}, {"word": "one's father was born before one"}, {"word": "pearls before swine"}, {"word": "pride comes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride cometh before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goeth before a fall"}, {"word": "pride wenteth before a fall"}, {"word": "put before"}, {"word": "put the cart before the horse"}, {"word": "run before"}, {"word": "sisters before misters"}, {"word": "tears before bedtime"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is always just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the day before"}, {"word": "the night before last"}, {"word": "therebefore"}, {"word": "thereinbefore"}, {"word": "throw pearls before swine"}, {"word": "time before time"}, {"word": "whereinbefore"}, {"word": "wrap it before you tap it"}, {"word": "you must spoil before you spin"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "Inherited"}, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore"}, "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "beforan"}, "expansion": "Old English beforan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*furai"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furai", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "", "5": "front"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "befoar", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds-de", "2": "bevör", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German Low German bevör (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bevor", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German bevor (“before”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore, from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).", "forms": [{"form": "befores", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "before (plural befores)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["be‧fore"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "Coordinate term: after"}, {"ref": "1918 April, “Before and After”, in Arthur Deerin Call, editor, Advocate of Peace, volume LXXX, number 4, Washington, D.C.: American Peace Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Editorial Notes” section, page 105, column 2:", "text": "On the left of the double column of photographs are the “befores.” Look at them! Fine boys all, yet here is an unformed mouth; there, a fine face just missing strength by a slight over-plumpness of feature; below, a clever face just a shade too “smart”; on the next page, a form too slight and beginning to stoop. On the right are the “afters.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Mary Lutyens, chapter 8, in Cleo, London: Michael Joseph, →ISBN, page 164:", "text": "I told them that I was taking part in a ‘Before and After’ feature for the magazine. The beauty editor had picked a couple of girls in the office to experiment on. ‘I always think that the befores look better than the afters in that kind of experiment,’ Aunt G said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, Meagan Cass, “Calling All Soloflex Men”, in ActivAmerica, Denton, Tex.: University of North Texas Press, →ISBN, page 100:", "text": "Sometimes we’d agree the person looked better in their before. Happier somehow. More themselves before the muscles. […] Other times we’d laugh at the befores. I’d make a crack, something like, “People should need a special government ID to buy spandex like that. It’s a question of public safety.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference before a specified treatment."], "links": [["before-and-after", "before-and-after"], ["image", "image"]]}, {"categories": ["English poetic terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1982, Hugh Seidman, “Hymn”, in Throne/Falcon/Eye: Poems, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN; quoted in Michael Heller, “SEIDMAN, Hugh”, in edited by James Vinson and D[aniel] L[ane] Kirkpatrick, Contemporary Poets (Contemporary Writers of the English Language), 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1985, →ISBN, pages 763–764:", "text": "As all are commanded to yield like the mummy when the dung beetle rolls the sun / before all the befores of the trillion nights past night and day / though I knew that the broken receding mouth of the Sphinx had nothing to add / of resurrection in the history of its grimace.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1995, Maria Luisa Spaziani, translated by Laura Stortoni, “The Aegean”, in Sentry Towers, Berkeley, Calif.: Hesperia Press, →ISBN, page 41:", "text": "Your music has lasted since the beginning of the world. A stone was born in the waters. […] Voice rising to heaven, pure music, green primal root, mother-sea, before all the befores.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1998, Janice Kulyk Keefer, “Prologue: A Bridge of Words”, in Honey and Ashes: A Story of Family, Toronto, Ont.: HarperPerennialCanada, →ISBN, page 3:", "text": "Yet when I was a child, I stood with my mother on that distant shore, or walked with her up the road, past orchards of plums and pears, past fields narrow as piano keys. To the village where she was born, and her mother before her; all other mothers, all the befores that ever were.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Daniel Villasenor, chapter 6, in The Lake, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, page 30:", "text": "Because we’re in debt to that before, to all the befores where the life was before the words. Every time we pick up a hammer and a nail there’s a dead man in it who built a lean-to out of the weather in Wyoming in December or a farmer in Latin America someplace on the back of a mule-drawn cart broken down with a town’s vegetables rotting in the sun or a Mennonite right over there in McGaheysville this minute saying no to some nigh useless particle board siding and still fashioning his house with his hand.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001, Ezra Scott, “Anavak’s Tale”, in Angel Up My Sleeve, Santa Fe, N.M.: Fontanel Books, →ISBN, page 25:", "text": "For high in the brightest tower of Light Castle, one thing shone still brighter—the Princess of Light! She came from before all the befores, from a place that is no place. Not fire. Not water. Not air. Not earth. No place. Neither solid, nor liquid, nor gas. Nothing to speak of.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2003, Cynn Chadwick, chapter 16, in Cat Rising, Binghamton, N.Y.: Alice Street Editions, →ISBN, page 236:", "text": "The packing that took all week to finish had also taken her mind off Mike. Less and less she found herself weeping. Her focus was on the nexts. There was little time now to think about all the befores. Today would put an end to the last leftover one.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mary E. Pearson, chapter 74, in The Fox Inheritance (Jenna Fox Chronicles; 2), New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 285:", "text": "We talk about all the befores. The stupid things we did. The funny things. The times she made us laugh.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["That which occurred or existed previously."], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon, often poetic) That which occurred or existed previously."], "tags": ["often", "poetic", "uncommon"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999 March, Julia Vinograd, “The Homeless”, in Street Spirit, volume 5, number 3, San Francisco, Calif.: American Friends Service Committee, →OCLC, page 13:", "text": "A big wind blew all their befores away. Impacted teeth grew over their names. Even the lines in their hands unraveled, these are the lines they stand in to ask for their hands back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, Walee [pseudonym], “I Never Can Say Goodbye”, in What’s on the Menu? All of Me! Literary Entrees Prepared by Walee, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, chapter 3, page 55:", "text": "I guess I should have known from all the befores / that when it’s all said and done / I don’t want to be / I won’t stand to be / I refuse to be / anything but YOURS", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2015, Sarah Pinborough, chapter 14, in The Death House, London: Gollancz, →ISBN, page 160:", "text": "They were chatting and laughing and it made my heart hurt. They were getting out. Returning to whatever their befores were. They didn’t even glance back at the house as they climbed into the waiting vehicles.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A previous form or instance."], "links": [["previous", "previous"], ["form", "form"], ["instance", "instance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) A previous form or instance."], "tags": ["rare"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "bĭfôʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfɔː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "bəfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bēfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bəˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/biˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfōrʹ", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoə/", "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"audio": "en-us-before.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg/En-us-before.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "befo"}, {"english": "African-American Vernacular", "tags": ["pronunciation-spelling"], "word": "befo'"}, {"word": "b4"}, {"tags": ["Internet"], "word": "be4"}], "word": "before"}
before (English noun) before/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adverbs", "English conjunctions", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English sequence adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for native script for Manchu terms", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Manchu translations", "Requests for review of Old English translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/2 syllables", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Ashkun translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikai translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kunigami translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Miyako translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Pijin translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Southern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tokunoshima translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yaeyama translations", "Terms with Yonaguni translations", "Terms with Yoron translations", "en:Time"], "derived": [{"word": "accessary before the fact"}, {"word": "accessory before the fact"}, {"word": "age before beauty"}, {"word": "before-and-after"}, {"word": "before and after"}, {"word": "beforecited"}, {"word": "before dark"}, {"word": "before GTA 6"}, {"word": "beforehand"}, {"word": "before image journal"}, {"word": "before it was cool"}, {"word": "before long"}, {"word": "beforely"}, {"word": "beforemath"}, {"word": "before-mentioned"}, {"word": "beforementioned"}, {"word": "beforenamed"}, {"word": "beforeness"}, {"word": "beforenoon"}, {"word": "before one knows it"}, {"word": "before one knows where one is"}, {"word": "before one's eyes"}, {"word": "beforesaid"}, {"word": "before someone's time"}, {"word": "beforestated"}, {"word": "before the fact"}, {"word": "before the mast"}, {"word": "beforetime"}, {"word": "before times"}, {"word": "before you can say Jack Robinson"}, {"word": "before you can say knife"}, {"word": "best before date"}, {"word": "best-before date"}, {"word": "boldly go where no man has gone before"}, {"word": "bow down before the porcelain god"}, {"word": "bros before hoes"}, {"word": "bros before hos"}, {"word": "business before pleasure"}, {"word": "calm before the storm"}, {"word": "carry all before one"}, {"word": "carry everything before one"}, {"word": "carry the world before one"}, {"word": "cast pearls before swine"}, {"word": "check yourself before you wreck yourself"}, {"word": "chicks before dicks"}, {"word": "come before"}, {"word": "crawl before one can walk"}, {"word": "crawl before one walks"}, {"word": "cross a bridge before one comes to it"}, {"word": "day before yesterday"}, {"word": "dicks before chicks"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before they're hatched"}, {"word": "feels before reals"}, {"word": "fingers were made before forks"}, {"word": "halloo before one is out of the wood"}, {"word": "hereinbefore"}, {"word": "hoes before bros"}, {"word": "in before"}, {"word": "it is always darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is always darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "I've never heard it called that before"}, {"word": "jump before one is pushed"}, {"word": "kneel before"}, {"word": "know how to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "land before time"}, {"word": "learn to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "leg before"}, {"word": "leg before wicket"}, {"word": "lie before"}, {"word": "look before one leaps"}, {"word": "lull before the storm"}, {"word": "make-before-break"}, {"word": "milk before meat"}, {"word": "misters before sisters"}, {"word": "morning after the night before"}, {"word": "not before time"}, {"word": "nothing is said that has not been said before"}, {"word": "one's father was born before one"}, {"word": "pearls before swine"}, {"word": "pride comes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride cometh before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goeth before a fall"}, {"word": "pride wenteth before a fall"}, {"word": "put before"}, {"word": "put the cart before the horse"}, {"word": "run before"}, {"word": "sisters before misters"}, {"word": "tears before bedtime"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is always just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the day before"}, {"word": "the night before last"}, {"word": "therebefore"}, {"word": "thereinbefore"}, {"word": "throw pearls before swine"}, {"word": "time before time"}, {"word": "whereinbefore"}, {"word": "wrap it before you tap it"}, {"word": "you must spoil before you spin"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "Inherited"}, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore"}, "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "beforan"}, "expansion": "Old English beforan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*furai"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furai", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "", "5": "front"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "befoar", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds-de", "2": "bevör", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German Low German bevör (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bevor", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German bevor (“before”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore, from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).", "forms": [{"form": "befores", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "before (plural befores)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["be‧fore"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "Coordinate term: after"}, {"ref": "1918 April, “Before and After”, in Arthur Deerin Call, editor, Advocate of Peace, volume LXXX, number 4, Washington, D.C.: American Peace Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Editorial Notes” section, page 105, column 2:", "text": "On the left of the double column of photographs are the “befores.” Look at them! Fine boys all, yet here is an unformed mouth; there, a fine face just missing strength by a slight over-plumpness of feature; below, a clever face just a shade too “smart”; on the next page, a form too slight and beginning to stoop. On the right are the “afters.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Mary Lutyens, chapter 8, in Cleo, London: Michael Joseph, →ISBN, page 164:", "text": "I told them that I was taking part in a ‘Before and After’ feature for the magazine. The beauty editor had picked a couple of girls in the office to experiment on. ‘I always think that the befores look better than the afters in that kind of experiment,’ Aunt G said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, Meagan Cass, “Calling All Soloflex Men”, in ActivAmerica, Denton, Tex.: University of North Texas Press, →ISBN, page 100:", "text": "Sometimes we’d agree the person looked better in their before. Happier somehow. More themselves before the muscles. […] Other times we’d laugh at the befores. I’d make a crack, something like, “People should need a special government ID to buy spandex like that. It’s a question of public safety.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference before a specified treatment."], "links": [["before-and-after", "before-and-after"], ["image", "image"]]}, {"categories": ["English poetic terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1982, Hugh Seidman, “Hymn”, in Throne/Falcon/Eye: Poems, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN; quoted in Michael Heller, “SEIDMAN, Hugh”, in edited by James Vinson and D[aniel] L[ane] Kirkpatrick, Contemporary Poets (Contemporary Writers of the English Language), 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1985, →ISBN, pages 763–764:", "text": "As all are commanded to yield like the mummy when the dung beetle rolls the sun / before all the befores of the trillion nights past night and day / though I knew that the broken receding mouth of the Sphinx had nothing to add / of resurrection in the history of its grimace.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1995, Maria Luisa Spaziani, translated by Laura Stortoni, “The Aegean”, in Sentry Towers, Berkeley, Calif.: Hesperia Press, →ISBN, page 41:", "text": "Your music has lasted since the beginning of the world. A stone was born in the waters. […] Voice rising to heaven, pure music, green primal root, mother-sea, before all the befores.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1998, Janice Kulyk Keefer, “Prologue: A Bridge of Words”, in Honey and Ashes: A Story of Family, Toronto, Ont.: HarperPerennialCanada, →ISBN, page 3:", "text": "Yet when I was a child, I stood with my mother on that distant shore, or walked with her up the road, past orchards of plums and pears, past fields narrow as piano keys. To the village where she was born, and her mother before her; all other mothers, all the befores that ever were.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Daniel Villasenor, chapter 6, in The Lake, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, page 30:", "text": "Because we’re in debt to that before, to all the befores where the life was before the words. Every time we pick up a hammer and a nail there’s a dead man in it who built a lean-to out of the weather in Wyoming in December or a farmer in Latin America someplace on the back of a mule-drawn cart broken down with a town’s vegetables rotting in the sun or a Mennonite right over there in McGaheysville this minute saying no to some nigh useless particle board siding and still fashioning his house with his hand.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001, Ezra Scott, “Anavak’s Tale”, in Angel Up My Sleeve, Santa Fe, N.M.: Fontanel Books, →ISBN, page 25:", "text": "For high in the brightest tower of Light Castle, one thing shone still brighter—the Princess of Light! She came from before all the befores, from a place that is no place. Not fire. Not water. Not air. Not earth. No place. Neither solid, nor liquid, nor gas. Nothing to speak of.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2003, Cynn Chadwick, chapter 16, in Cat Rising, Binghamton, N.Y.: Alice Street Editions, →ISBN, page 236:", "text": "The packing that took all week to finish had also taken her mind off Mike. Less and less she found herself weeping. Her focus was on the nexts. There was little time now to think about all the befores. Today would put an end to the last leftover one.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mary E. Pearson, chapter 74, in The Fox Inheritance (Jenna Fox Chronicles; 2), New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 285:", "text": "We talk about all the befores. The stupid things we did. The funny things. The times she made us laugh.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["That which occurred or existed previously."], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon, often poetic) That which occurred or existed previously."], "tags": ["often", "poetic", "uncommon"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999 March, Julia Vinograd, “The Homeless”, in Street Spirit, volume 5, number 3, San Francisco, Calif.: American Friends Service Committee, →OCLC, page 13:", "text": "A big wind blew all their befores away. Impacted teeth grew over their names. Even the lines in their hands unraveled, these are the lines they stand in to ask for their hands back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, Walee [pseudonym], “I Never Can Say Goodbye”, in What’s on the Menu? All of Me! Literary Entrees Prepared by Walee, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, chapter 3, page 55:", "text": "I guess I should have known from all the befores / that when it’s all said and done / I don’t want to be / I won’t stand to be / I refuse to be / anything but YOURS", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2015, Sarah Pinborough, chapter 14, in The Death House, London: Gollancz, →ISBN, page 160:", "text": "They were chatting and laughing and it made my heart hurt. They were getting out. Returning to whatever their befores were. They didn’t even glance back at the house as they climbed into the waiting vehicles.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A previous form or instance."], "links": [["previous", "previous"], ["form", "form"], ["instance", "instance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) A previous form or instance."], "tags": ["rare"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "bĭfôʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfɔː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "bəfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bēfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bəˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/biˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfōrʹ", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoə/", "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"audio": "en-us-before.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg/En-us-before.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "befo"}, {"english": "African-American Vernacular", "tags": ["pronunciation-spelling"], "word": "befo'"}, {"word": "b4"}, {"tags": ["Internet"], "word": "be4"}], "word": "before"}
before (English noun) before/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adverbs", "English conjunctions", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English sequence adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for native script for Manchu terms", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Manchu translations", "Requests for review of Old English translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/2 syllables", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Ashkun translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikai translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kunigami translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Miyako translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Pijin translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Southern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tokunoshima translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yaeyama translations", "Terms with Yonaguni translations", "Terms with Yoron translations", "en:Time"], "derived": [{"word": "accessary before the fact"}, {"word": "accessory before the fact"}, {"word": "age before beauty"}, {"word": "before-and-after"}, {"word": "before and after"}, {"word": "beforecited"}, {"word": "before dark"}, {"word": "before GTA 6"}, {"word": "beforehand"}, {"word": "before image journal"}, {"word": "before it was cool"}, {"word": "before long"}, {"word": "beforely"}, {"word": "beforemath"}, {"word": "before-mentioned"}, {"word": "beforementioned"}, {"word": "beforenamed"}, {"word": "beforeness"}, {"word": "beforenoon"}, {"word": "before one knows it"}, {"word": "before one knows where one is"}, {"word": "before one's eyes"}, {"word": "beforesaid"}, {"word": "before someone's time"}, {"word": "beforestated"}, {"word": "before the fact"}, {"word": "before the mast"}, {"word": "beforetime"}, {"word": "before times"}, {"word": "before you can say Jack Robinson"}, {"word": "before you can say knife"}, {"word": "best before date"}, {"word": "best-before date"}, {"word": "boldly go where no man has gone before"}, {"word": "bow down before the porcelain god"}, {"word": "bros before hoes"}, {"word": "bros before hos"}, {"word": "business before pleasure"}, {"word": "calm before the storm"}, {"word": "carry all before one"}, {"word": "carry everything before one"}, {"word": "carry the world before one"}, {"word": "cast pearls before swine"}, {"word": "check yourself before you wreck yourself"}, {"word": "chicks before dicks"}, {"word": "come before"}, {"word": "crawl before one can walk"}, {"word": "crawl before one walks"}, {"word": "cross a bridge before one comes to it"}, {"word": "day before yesterday"}, {"word": "dicks before chicks"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before they're hatched"}, {"word": "feels before reals"}, {"word": "fingers were made before forks"}, {"word": "halloo before one is out of the wood"}, {"word": "hereinbefore"}, {"word": "hoes before bros"}, {"word": "in before"}, {"word": "it is always darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is always darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "I've never heard it called that before"}, {"word": "jump before one is pushed"}, {"word": "kneel before"}, {"word": "know how to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "land before time"}, {"word": "learn to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "leg before"}, {"word": "leg before wicket"}, {"word": "lie before"}, {"word": "look before one leaps"}, {"word": "lull before the storm"}, {"word": "make-before-break"}, {"word": "milk before meat"}, {"word": "misters before sisters"}, {"word": "morning after the night before"}, {"word": "not before time"}, {"word": "nothing is said that has not been said before"}, {"word": "one's father was born before one"}, {"word": "pearls before swine"}, {"word": "pride comes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride cometh before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goeth before a fall"}, {"word": "pride wenteth before a fall"}, {"word": "put before"}, {"word": "put the cart before the horse"}, {"word": "run before"}, {"word": "sisters before misters"}, {"word": "tears before bedtime"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is always just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the day before"}, {"word": "the night before last"}, {"word": "therebefore"}, {"word": "thereinbefore"}, {"word": "throw pearls before swine"}, {"word": "time before time"}, {"word": "whereinbefore"}, {"word": "wrap it before you tap it"}, {"word": "you must spoil before you spin"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "Inherited"}, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore"}, "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "beforan"}, "expansion": "Old English beforan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*furai"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furai", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "", "5": "front"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "befoar", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds-de", "2": "bevör", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German Low German bevör (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bevor", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German bevor (“before”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore, from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).", "forms": [{"form": "befores", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "before (plural befores)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["be‧fore"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "Coordinate term: after"}, {"ref": "1918 April, “Before and After”, in Arthur Deerin Call, editor, Advocate of Peace, volume LXXX, number 4, Washington, D.C.: American Peace Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Editorial Notes” section, page 105, column 2:", "text": "On the left of the double column of photographs are the “befores.” Look at them! Fine boys all, yet here is an unformed mouth; there, a fine face just missing strength by a slight over-plumpness of feature; below, a clever face just a shade too “smart”; on the next page, a form too slight and beginning to stoop. On the right are the “afters.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Mary Lutyens, chapter 8, in Cleo, London: Michael Joseph, →ISBN, page 164:", "text": "I told them that I was taking part in a ‘Before and After’ feature for the magazine. The beauty editor had picked a couple of girls in the office to experiment on. ‘I always think that the befores look better than the afters in that kind of experiment,’ Aunt G said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, Meagan Cass, “Calling All Soloflex Men”, in ActivAmerica, Denton, Tex.: University of North Texas Press, →ISBN, page 100:", "text": "Sometimes we’d agree the person looked better in their before. Happier somehow. More themselves before the muscles. […] Other times we’d laugh at the befores. I’d make a crack, something like, “People should need a special government ID to buy spandex like that. It’s a question of public safety.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference before a specified treatment."], "links": [["before-and-after", "before-and-after"], ["image", "image"]]}, {"categories": ["English poetic terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1982, Hugh Seidman, “Hymn”, in Throne/Falcon/Eye: Poems, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN; quoted in Michael Heller, “SEIDMAN, Hugh”, in edited by James Vinson and D[aniel] L[ane] Kirkpatrick, Contemporary Poets (Contemporary Writers of the English Language), 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1985, →ISBN, pages 763–764:", "text": "As all are commanded to yield like the mummy when the dung beetle rolls the sun / before all the befores of the trillion nights past night and day / though I knew that the broken receding mouth of the Sphinx had nothing to add / of resurrection in the history of its grimace.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1995, Maria Luisa Spaziani, translated by Laura Stortoni, “The Aegean”, in Sentry Towers, Berkeley, Calif.: Hesperia Press, →ISBN, page 41:", "text": "Your music has lasted since the beginning of the world. A stone was born in the waters. […] Voice rising to heaven, pure music, green primal root, mother-sea, before all the befores.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1998, Janice Kulyk Keefer, “Prologue: A Bridge of Words”, in Honey and Ashes: A Story of Family, Toronto, Ont.: HarperPerennialCanada, →ISBN, page 3:", "text": "Yet when I was a child, I stood with my mother on that distant shore, or walked with her up the road, past orchards of plums and pears, past fields narrow as piano keys. To the village where she was born, and her mother before her; all other mothers, all the befores that ever were.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Daniel Villasenor, chapter 6, in The Lake, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, page 30:", "text": "Because we’re in debt to that before, to all the befores where the life was before the words. Every time we pick up a hammer and a nail there’s a dead man in it who built a lean-to out of the weather in Wyoming in December or a farmer in Latin America someplace on the back of a mule-drawn cart broken down with a town’s vegetables rotting in the sun or a Mennonite right over there in McGaheysville this minute saying no to some nigh useless particle board siding and still fashioning his house with his hand.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001, Ezra Scott, “Anavak’s Tale”, in Angel Up My Sleeve, Santa Fe, N.M.: Fontanel Books, →ISBN, page 25:", "text": "For high in the brightest tower of Light Castle, one thing shone still brighter—the Princess of Light! She came from before all the befores, from a place that is no place. Not fire. Not water. Not air. Not earth. No place. Neither solid, nor liquid, nor gas. Nothing to speak of.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2003, Cynn Chadwick, chapter 16, in Cat Rising, Binghamton, N.Y.: Alice Street Editions, →ISBN, page 236:", "text": "The packing that took all week to finish had also taken her mind off Mike. Less and less she found herself weeping. Her focus was on the nexts. There was little time now to think about all the befores. Today would put an end to the last leftover one.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mary E. Pearson, chapter 74, in The Fox Inheritance (Jenna Fox Chronicles; 2), New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 285:", "text": "We talk about all the befores. The stupid things we did. The funny things. The times she made us laugh.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["That which occurred or existed previously."], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon, often poetic) That which occurred or existed previously."], "tags": ["often", "poetic", "uncommon"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999 March, Julia Vinograd, “The Homeless”, in Street Spirit, volume 5, number 3, San Francisco, Calif.: American Friends Service Committee, →OCLC, page 13:", "text": "A big wind blew all their befores away. Impacted teeth grew over their names. Even the lines in their hands unraveled, these are the lines they stand in to ask for their hands back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, Walee [pseudonym], “I Never Can Say Goodbye”, in What’s on the Menu? All of Me! Literary Entrees Prepared by Walee, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, chapter 3, page 55:", "text": "I guess I should have known from all the befores / that when it’s all said and done / I don’t want to be / I won’t stand to be / I refuse to be / anything but YOURS", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2015, Sarah Pinborough, chapter 14, in The Death House, London: Gollancz, →ISBN, page 160:", "text": "They were chatting and laughing and it made my heart hurt. They were getting out. Returning to whatever their befores were. They didn’t even glance back at the house as they climbed into the waiting vehicles.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A previous form or instance."], "links": [["previous", "previous"], ["form", "form"], ["instance", "instance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) A previous form or instance."], "tags": ["rare"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "bĭfôʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfɔː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "bəfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bēfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bəˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/biˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfōrʹ", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoə/", "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"audio": "en-us-before.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg/En-us-before.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "befo"}, {"english": "African-American Vernacular", "tags": ["pronunciation-spelling"], "word": "befo'"}, {"word": "b4"}, {"tags": ["Internet"], "word": "be4"}], "word": "before"}
before (English noun) before/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["English adverbs", "English conjunctions", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English locatives", "English nouns", "English prepositions", "English sequence adverbs", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English uncomparable adverbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Requests for native script for Manchu terms", "Requests for review of Breton translations", "Requests for review of Ido translations", "Requests for review of Indonesian translations", "Requests for review of Interlingua translations", "Requests for review of Irish translations", "Requests for review of Manchu translations", "Requests for review of Old English translations", "Requests for review of Spanish translations", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)", "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)/2 syllables", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Ashkun translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bashkir translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Central Kurdish translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dhivehi translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Hausa translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Interlingua translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Kamkata-viri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Kikai translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Kunigami translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Low German translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Maltese translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Maore Comorian translations", "Terms with Maori translations", "Terms with Maranao translations", "Terms with Marathi translations", "Terms with Miyako translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with Northern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Norwegian translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Pijin translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Scots translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sinhalese translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Southern Amami Ōshima translations", "Terms with Southern Ohlone translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tokunoshima translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Waigali translations", "Terms with Walloon translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Yaeyama translations", "Terms with Yonaguni translations", "Terms with Yoron translations", "en:Time"], "derived": [{"word": "accessary before the fact"}, {"word": "accessory before the fact"}, {"word": "age before beauty"}, {"word": "before-and-after"}, {"word": "before and after"}, {"word": "beforecited"}, {"word": "before dark"}, {"word": "before GTA 6"}, {"word": "beforehand"}, {"word": "before image journal"}, {"word": "before it was cool"}, {"word": "before long"}, {"word": "beforely"}, {"word": "beforemath"}, {"word": "before-mentioned"}, {"word": "beforementioned"}, {"word": "beforenamed"}, {"word": "beforeness"}, {"word": "beforenoon"}, {"word": "before one knows it"}, {"word": "before one knows where one is"}, {"word": "before one's eyes"}, {"word": "beforesaid"}, {"word": "before someone's time"}, {"word": "beforestated"}, {"word": "before the fact"}, {"word": "before the mast"}, {"word": "beforetime"}, {"word": "before times"}, {"word": "before you can say Jack Robinson"}, {"word": "before you can say knife"}, {"word": "best before date"}, {"word": "best-before date"}, {"word": "boldly go where no man has gone before"}, {"word": "bow down before the porcelain god"}, {"word": "bros before hoes"}, {"word": "bros before hos"}, {"word": "business before pleasure"}, {"word": "calm before the storm"}, {"word": "carry all before one"}, {"word": "carry everything before one"}, {"word": "carry the world before one"}, {"word": "cast pearls before swine"}, {"word": "check yourself before you wreck yourself"}, {"word": "chicks before dicks"}, {"word": "come before"}, {"word": "crawl before one can walk"}, {"word": "crawl before one walks"}, {"word": "cross a bridge before one comes to it"}, {"word": "day before yesterday"}, {"word": "dicks before chicks"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before the eggs have hatched"}, {"word": "don't count your chickens before they're hatched"}, {"word": "feels before reals"}, {"word": "fingers were made before forks"}, {"word": "halloo before one is out of the wood"}, {"word": "hereinbefore"}, {"word": "hoes before bros"}, {"word": "in before"}, {"word": "it is always darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is always darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest before the dawn"}, {"word": "it is darkest just before the dawn"}, {"word": "I've never heard it called that before"}, {"word": "jump before one is pushed"}, {"word": "kneel before"}, {"word": "know how to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "land before time"}, {"word": "learn to walk before one can run"}, {"word": "leg before"}, {"word": "leg before wicket"}, {"word": "lie before"}, {"word": "look before one leaps"}, {"word": "lull before the storm"}, {"word": "make-before-break"}, {"word": "milk before meat"}, {"word": "misters before sisters"}, {"word": "morning after the night before"}, {"word": "not before time"}, {"word": "nothing is said that has not been said before"}, {"word": "one's father was born before one"}, {"word": "pearls before swine"}, {"word": "pride comes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride cometh before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goes before a fall"}, {"word": "pride goeth before a fall"}, {"word": "pride wenteth before a fall"}, {"word": "put before"}, {"word": "put the cart before the horse"}, {"word": "run before"}, {"word": "sisters before misters"}, {"word": "tears before bedtime"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is always just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the darkest hour is just before the dawn"}, {"word": "the day before"}, {"word": "the night before last"}, {"word": "therebefore"}, {"word": "thereinbefore"}, {"word": "throw pearls before swine"}, {"word": "time before time"}, {"word": "whereinbefore"}, {"word": "wrap it before you tap it"}, {"word": "you must spoil before you spin"}], "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "Inherited"}, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "before//bifore"}, "expansion": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore", "name": "inh+"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "beforan"}, "expansion": "Old English beforan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*furai"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *furai", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*per-", "4": "", "5": "front"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "stq", "2": "befoar", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "nds-de", "2": "bevör", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German Low German bevör (“before”)", "name": "cog"}, {"args": {"1": "de", "2": "bevor", "t": "before"}, "expansion": "German bevor (“before”)", "name": "cog"}], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle English before /bifore, from Old English beforan, from be- + foran (“before”), from fore, from Proto-Germanic *furai, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian befoar (“before”), German Low German bevör (“before”), German bevor (“before”).", "forms": [{"form": "befores", "tags": ["plural"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {}, "expansion": "before (plural befores)", "name": "en-noun"}], "hyphenation": ["be‧fore"], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [{"categories": ["English links with manual fragments", "English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"text": "Coordinate term: after"}, {"ref": "1918 April, “Before and After”, in Arthur Deerin Call, editor, Advocate of Peace, volume LXXX, number 4, Washington, D.C.: American Peace Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, “Editorial Notes” section, page 105, column 2:", "text": "On the left of the double column of photographs are the “befores.” Look at them! Fine boys all, yet here is an unformed mouth; there, a fine face just missing strength by a slight over-plumpness of feature; below, a clever face just a shade too “smart”; on the next page, a form too slight and beginning to stoop. On the right are the “afters.”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1973, Mary Lutyens, chapter 8, in Cleo, London: Michael Joseph, →ISBN, page 164:", "text": "I told them that I was taking part in a ‘Before and After’ feature for the magazine. The beauty editor had picked a couple of girls in the office to experiment on. ‘I always think that the befores look better than the afters in that kind of experiment,’ Aunt G said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2017, Meagan Cass, “Calling All Soloflex Men”, in ActivAmerica, Denton, Tex.: University of North Texas Press, →ISBN, page 100:", "text": "Sometimes we’d agree the person looked better in their before. Happier somehow. More themselves before the muscles. […] Other times we’d laugh at the befores. I’d make a crack, something like, “People should need a special government ID to buy spandex like that. It’s a question of public safety.”", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["Of before-and-after images: the one that shows the difference before a specified treatment."], "links": [["before-and-after", "before-and-after"], ["image", "image"]]}, {"categories": ["English poetic terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with uncommon senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1982, Hugh Seidman, “Hymn”, in Throne/Falcon/Eye: Poems, New York, N.Y.: Random House, →ISBN; quoted in Michael Heller, “SEIDMAN, Hugh”, in edited by James Vinson and D[aniel] L[ane] Kirkpatrick, Contemporary Poets (Contemporary Writers of the English Language), 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1985, →ISBN, pages 763–764:", "text": "As all are commanded to yield like the mummy when the dung beetle rolls the sun / before all the befores of the trillion nights past night and day / though I knew that the broken receding mouth of the Sphinx had nothing to add / of resurrection in the history of its grimace.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1995, Maria Luisa Spaziani, translated by Laura Stortoni, “The Aegean”, in Sentry Towers, Berkeley, Calif.: Hesperia Press, →ISBN, page 41:", "text": "Your music has lasted since the beginning of the world. A stone was born in the waters. […] Voice rising to heaven, pure music, green primal root, mother-sea, before all the befores.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1998, Janice Kulyk Keefer, “Prologue: A Bridge of Words”, in Honey and Ashes: A Story of Family, Toronto, Ont.: HarperPerennialCanada, →ISBN, page 3:", "text": "Yet when I was a child, I stood with my mother on that distant shore, or walked with her up the road, past orchards of plums and pears, past fields narrow as piano keys. To the village where she was born, and her mother before her; all other mothers, all the befores that ever were.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2000, Daniel Villasenor, chapter 6, in The Lake, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN, page 30:", "text": "Because we’re in debt to that before, to all the befores where the life was before the words. Every time we pick up a hammer and a nail there’s a dead man in it who built a lean-to out of the weather in Wyoming in December or a farmer in Latin America someplace on the back of a mule-drawn cart broken down with a town’s vegetables rotting in the sun or a Mennonite right over there in McGaheysville this minute saying no to some nigh useless particle board siding and still fashioning his house with his hand.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2001, Ezra Scott, “Anavak’s Tale”, in Angel Up My Sleeve, Santa Fe, N.M.: Fontanel Books, →ISBN, page 25:", "text": "For high in the brightest tower of Light Castle, one thing shone still brighter—the Princess of Light! She came from before all the befores, from a place that is no place. Not fire. Not water. Not air. Not earth. No place. Neither solid, nor liquid, nor gas. Nothing to speak of.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2003, Cynn Chadwick, chapter 16, in Cat Rising, Binghamton, N.Y.: Alice Street Editions, →ISBN, page 236:", "text": "The packing that took all week to finish had also taken her mind off Mike. Less and less she found herself weeping. Her focus was on the nexts. There was little time now to think about all the befores. Today would put an end to the last leftover one.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011, Mary E. Pearson, chapter 74, in The Fox Inheritance (Jenna Fox Chronicles; 2), New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, page 285:", "text": "We talk about all the befores. The stupid things we did. The funny things. The times she made us laugh.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["That which occurred or existed previously."], "raw_glosses": ["(uncommon, often poetic) That which occurred or existed previously."], "tags": ["often", "poetic", "uncommon"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses"], "examples": [{"ref": "1999 March, Julia Vinograd, “The Homeless”, in Street Spirit, volume 5, number 3, San Francisco, Calif.: American Friends Service Committee, →OCLC, page 13:", "text": "A big wind blew all their befores away. Impacted teeth grew over their names. Even the lines in their hands unraveled, these are the lines they stand in to ask for their hands back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2006, Walee [pseudonym], “I Never Can Say Goodbye”, in What’s on the Menu? All of Me! Literary Entrees Prepared by Walee, Lincoln, Neb.: iUniverse, →ISBN, chapter 3, page 55:", "text": "I guess I should have known from all the befores / that when it’s all said and done / I don’t want to be / I won’t stand to be / I refuse to be / anything but YOURS", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2015, Sarah Pinborough, chapter 14, in The Death House, London: Gollancz, →ISBN, page 160:", "text": "They were chatting and laughing and it made my heart hurt. They were getting out. Returning to whatever their befores were. They didn’t even glance back at the house as they climbed into the waiting vehicles.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["A previous form or instance."], "links": [["previous", "previous"], ["form", "form"], ["instance", "instance"]], "raw_glosses": ["(rare) A previous form or instance."], "tags": ["rare"]}], "sounds": [{"enpr": "bĭfôʹ", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfɔː/", "tags": ["Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"enpr": "bəfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bēfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfôrʹ", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bəˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/biˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoɹ/", "tags": ["General-American"]}, {"enpr": "bĭfōrʹ", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/", "note": "rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"ipa": "/bɪˈfoə/", "note": "non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger"}, {"audio": "en-us-before.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg/En-us-before.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/En-us-before.ogg"}, {"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)"}], "synonyms": [{"word": "befo"}, {"english": "African-American Vernacular", "tags": ["pronunciation-spelling"], "word": "befo'"}, {"word": "b4"}, {"tags": ["Internet"], "word": "be4"}], "word": "before"}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.