All languages combined extraction errors

be (English verb) be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag German-Low-German not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be (English verb) be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Alemannic-German not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be (English verb) be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Alemannic-German not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be (English verb) be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag General-Australian not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be (English verb) be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag South-Levantine-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be (English verb) be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag South-Levantine-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Southern-US not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

be (English verb) be/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Southern-US not in or uppercase_tags: {"categories": ["Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with non-redundant manual transliterations", "Eastern Min terms with redundant transliterations", "English 2-letter words", "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English irregular verbs", "English lemmas", "English links with redundant wikilinks", "English nouns", "English stative verbs", "English suppletive verbs", "English terms borrowed from Russian", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms derived from Russian", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-", "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms with homophones", "English verbs", "Literary Chinese terms with redundant transliterations", "Old Irish links with redundant target parameters", "Pages with 53 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:English/iː", "Rhymes:English/iː/1 syllable", "Terms with Afrikaans translations", "Terms with Albanian translations", "Terms with Alemannic German translations", "Terms with Ancient Greek translations", "Terms with Arabic translations", "Terms with Armenian translations", "Terms with Aromanian translations", "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations", "Terms with Asturian translations", "Terms with Avar translations", "Terms with Azerbaijani translations", "Terms with Bakhtiari translations", "Terms with Balinese translations", "Terms with Basque translations", "Terms with Belarusian translations", "Terms with Bengali translations", "Terms with Bourguignon translations", "Terms with Bouyei translations", "Terms with Breton translations", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Burmese translations", "Terms with Buryat translations", "Terms with Cantonese translations", "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Catalan translations", "Terms with Cebuano translations", "Terms with Central Atlas Tamazight translations", "Terms with Chechen translations", "Terms with Chuukese translations", "Terms with Cimbrian translations", "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations", "Terms with Cornish translations", "Terms with Czech translations", "Terms with Dalmatian translations", "Terms with Danish translations", "Terms with Dungan translations", "Terms with Dutch translations", "Terms with Eastern Min translations", "Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations", "Terms with Egyptian translations", "Terms with Elfdalian translations", "Terms with Emilian translations", "Terms with Erzya translations", "Terms with Esperanto translations", "Terms with Estonian translations", "Terms with Even translations", "Terms with Evenki translations", "Terms with Extremaduran translations", "Terms with Faroese translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with Franc-Comtois translations", "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with Friulian translations", "Terms with Galician translations", "Terms with Gan translations", "Terms with Georgian translations", "Terms with German Low German translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Gothic translations", "Terms with Greek translations", "Terms with Greenlandic translations", "Terms with Haitian Creole translations", "Terms with Hakka translations", "Terms with Hebrew translations", "Terms with Hiligaynon translations", "Terms with Hindi translations", "Terms with Hokkien translations", "Terms with Hungarian translations", "Terms with Icelandic translations", "Terms with Ido translations", "Terms with Igbo translations", "Terms with Indonesian translations", "Terms with Ingrian translations", "Terms with Ingush translations", "Terms with Irish translations", "Terms with Istriot translations", "Terms with Istro-Romanian translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Japanese translations", "Terms with Jarawa translations", "Terms with Javanese translations", "Terms with Jeju translations", "Terms with Jin translations", "Terms with Kabyle translations", "Terms with Kashmiri translations", "Terms with Khmer translations", "Terms with Korean translations", "Terms with Ladin translations", "Terms with Lao translations", "Terms with Latgalian translations", "Terms with Latin translations", "Terms with Latvian translations", "Terms with Lautu Chin translations", "Terms with Ligurian translations", "Terms with Literary Chinese translations", "Terms with Lithuanian translations", "Terms with Livonian translations", "Terms with Lombard translations", "Terms with Louisiana Creole translations", "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations", "Terms with Luxembourgish translations", "Terms with Lü translations", "Terms with Macedonian translations", "Terms with Malay translations", "Terms with Malayalam translations", "Terms with Manchu translations", "Terms with Mandarin translations", "Terms with Manx translations", "Terms with Mazanderani translations", "Terms with Megleno-Romanian translations", "Terms with Middle English translations", "Terms with Middle French translations", "Terms with Middle Korean translations", "Terms with Mongolian translations", "Terms with Mòcheno translations", "Terms with Nanai translations", "Terms with Navajo translations", "Terms with Ngazidja Comorian translations", "Terms with Norman translations", "Terms with North Frisian translations", "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations", "Terms with Northern Sami translations", "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations", "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations", "Terms with Occitan translations", "Terms with Odia translations", "Terms with Okinawan translations", "Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations", "Terms with Old East Slavic translations", "Terms with Old English translations", "Terms with Old French translations", "Terms with Old Frisian translations", "Terms with Old Irish translations", "Terms with Old Korean translations", "Terms with Old Norse translations", "Terms with Old Prussian translations", "Terms with Old Saxon translations", "Terms with Old Turkic translations", "Terms with Ossetian translations", "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations", "Terms with Papiamentu translations", "Terms with Pela translations", "Terms with Pennsylvania German translations", "Terms with Persian translations", "Terms with Picard translations", "Terms with Piedmontese translations", "Terms with Pipil translations", "Terms with Polish translations", "Terms with Portuguese translations", "Terms with Quechua translations", "Terms with Rade translations", "Terms with Romagnol translations", "Terms with Romani translations", "Terms with Romanian translations", "Terms with Romansch translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Sanskrit translations", "Terms with Sardinian translations", "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations", "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations", "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations", "Terms with Sicilian translations", "Terms with Skolt Sami translations", "Terms with Slovak translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Slovincian translations", "Terms with Somali translations", "Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations", "Terms with Spanish translations", "Terms with Swahili translations", "Terms with Swedish translations", "Terms with Tagalog translations", "Terms with Tajik translations", "Terms with Tamil translations", "Terms with Telugu translations", "Terms with Tetum translations", "Terms with Thai translations", "Terms with Tibetan translations", "Terms with Tocharian B translations", "Terms with Turkish translations", "Terms with Ukrainian translations", "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations", "Terms with Urdu translations", "Terms with Uzbek translations", "Terms with Venetan translations", "Terms with Vietnamese translations", "Terms with Volapük translations", "Terms with Welsh translations", "Terms with West Frisian translations", "Terms with Western Apache translations", "Terms with White Hmong translations", "Terms with Wu translations", "Terms with Xiang translations", "Terms with Yakut translations", "Terms with Yiddish translations", "Terms with Yoruba translations", "Terms with Zazaki translations", "Terms with Zhuang translations", "Terms with ǃXóõ translations"], "derived": [{"word": "abe"}, {"word": "albe"}, {"word": "beable"}, {"word": "be about to"}, {"word": "be cool"}, {"word": "be-er"}, {"word": "be going to"}, {"word": "be no match for"}, {"word": "be quiet"}, {"word": "beware"}, {"word": "bewith"}, {"word": "bist"}, {"word": "gonnabe"}, {"word": "inter-be"}, {"word": "maybe"}, {"word": "might-be"}, {"word": "to-be"}, {"word": "unbe"}, {"word": "wannabe"}, {"word": "be after"}, {"word": "be along"}, {"english": "to be somewhere else", "word": "be away"}, {"english": "to show negative attitude towards", "word": "be down on"}, {"english": "to be at home or at work", "word": "be in"}, {"english": "to be involved in", "word": "be in on"}, {"word": "be like"}, {"english": "to be unacceptable", "word": "be not on"}, {"english": "to be not fresh, of food; to leave, to depart", "word": "be off"}, {"english": "to take place; to take drugs", "word": "be on"}, {"word": "be on about"}, {"word": "be onto"}, {"english": "to be away", "word": "be out"}, {"english": "to have no more left", "word": "be out of"}, {"english": "to attempt", "word": "be out to do"}, {"english": "to be out of bed", "word": "be up"}, {"english": "to look forward to", "word": "be up for"}], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰuH-", "4": "*h₁es-", "5": "*h₂wes-"}, "expansion": "", "name": "root"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon", "4": "", "5": "to be, become"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon (“to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*beuną", "4": "", "5": "to be, exist, come to be, become"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*bʰúHt", "4": "", "5": "to grow, become, come into being, appear"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "t": "to be"}, "expansion": "Middle English been (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been"}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "been", "4": ""}, "expansion": "Middle English been", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "ġebēon"}, "expansion": "Old English ġebēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "bēon"}, "expansion": "Old English bēon", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₂wes-", "4": "", "5": "to reside"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”)", "name": "der"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "wesan", "4": "", "5": "to be"}, "expansion": "Old English wesan (“to be”)", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*wesan"}, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*wesaną"}, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną", "name": "inh"}, {"args": {"1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*h₁ésti"}, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti", "name": "der"}], "etymology_text": "From Middle English been (“to be”).\nfurther etymology of be and its conjugated forms\nThe various forms have three separate origins, which were mixed together at various times in the history of English.\n* The forms beginning with b- come from Old English bēon (“to be, become”), from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, exist, come to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to grow, become, come into being, appear”), from the root *bʰuH-. In particular:\n** Now-dialectal use of been as an infinitive of be is either from Middle English been (“to be”) or an extension of the past participle.\n** Now-obsolete use of been as a plural present tense (meaning \"are\") is from Middle English been, be (present plural of been (“to be”), with the -n leveled in from the past and subjunctive; compare competing forms aren/are).\n** Use of been as a past participle is from Middle English been, ybeen, from Old English ġebēon.\n* The forms beginning with w- come from the aforementioned Old English bēon, which shared its past tense with the verb wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to reside”).\n* The remaining forms (am, are, is) are also from Old English wesan (“to be”), from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, from the root *h₁es-.", "forms": [{"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}, {"form": "no-table-tags", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["table-tags"]}, {"form": "glossary", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["inflection-template"]}, {"form": "be", "source": "conjugation", "tags": ["infinitive"]}], "head_templates": [{"args": {"1": "en", "2": "verb", "3": "highly irregular; see conjugation table"}, "expansion": "be (highly irregular; see conjugation table)", "name": "head"}], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [{"categories": ["English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The dog was saved by the boy.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "Study courses of Esperanto and Ido have been broadcast.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["passive voice", "passive voice#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice."], "tags": ["auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The woman is walking.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I shall be writing to you soon.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We liked to chat while we were eating.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1995, C. K. Ogden, Psyche: An Annual General and Linguistic Psychology 1920-1952, C. K. Ogden, →ISBN, page 13:", "text": "In the possibility of radio uses of a constructed language — and such experiments are proving successful—vast sums of money and untold social forces may be involved.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with present participles of verbs to form the continuous aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["continuous aspect", "continuous aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English formal terms", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I am to leave tomorrow.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They are to stay here until I return.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "The season opener was to have been on Monday.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "How were they to know the whole exercise was a ruse?", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They were to have been married overseas but COVID forced a change of plans.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["to-infinitives", "to-infinitive#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence."], "tags": ["formal", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "He is finished.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is gone.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He is come. (archaic)", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 133:", "text": "They are not yet come back.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 18:2:", "text": "And he cryed mightily with a strõg voyce, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of deuils[…]", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1850, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel, ll.67-68:", "text": "‘I wish that he were come to me, / For he will come,’ she said.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "Matthew 28:6 (various translations, from the King James Version of 1611 to Revised Version of 1881)", "text": "He is not here; for he is risen […]."}, {"ref": "1922, A. E. Housman, Last Poems XXV, l.13, page 51", "text": "The King with half the East at heel is marched from lands of morning;"}, {"ref": "1965, J. Robert Oppenheimer, The Decision to Drop the Bomb:", "text": "I remembered the line from the Hindu scripture, the Bhagavad-Gita: Vishnu is trying to persuade the Prince that he should do his duty and, to impress him, he takes on his multi-armed form and says, \"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.\" I suppose we all thought that, one way or another.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, page 4:", "text": "His origins are become remote as is his destiny and not again in all the world’s turning will there be terrains so wild and barbarous to try whether the stuff of creation may be shaped to man’s will or whether his own heart is not another kind of clay.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["past participle", "past participle#English"], ["intransitive verb", "intransitive verb#English"], ["perfect", "perfect#English"], ["aspect", "aspect#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["African-American Vernacular English", "Caribbean English", "English auxiliary verbs", "English terms with quotations", "Irish English", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "1996, David Sheffield, Barry W. Blaustein, Tom Shadyac and Steve Oedekerk, screenplay of The Nutty Professor\nWomen be shoppin’! You cannot stop a woman from shoppin’!"}, {"ref": "2020, Moneybagg Yo, Thug Cry:", "text": "Niggas be tellin' these bitches 'bout business", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "links": [["auxiliary verb", "auxiliary verb#English"], ["habitual aspect", "w:Habitual be"]], "qualifier": "African-American Vernacular", "raw_glosses": ["As an auxiliary verb:", "(African-American Vernacular, Caribbean, Ireland, auxiliary, not conjugated) To tend to do, often do; marks the habitual aspect."], "raw_tags": ["not conjugated"], "tags": ["Caribbean", "Ireland", "auxiliary", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "There is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "(or, dialectally:) It is just one woman in town who can help us.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 178:", "text": "Some men there are loue not a gaping Pigge: / Some that are mad, if they behold a Cat: / And others, when the bag-pipe sings i’th nose, / Cannot containe their Vrine for affection.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume IV, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 170:", "text": "\"There is a sort of domestic enjoyment to be known even in a crowd, and this you had.\"", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2011 July 6, Mark Sweney, The Guardian:", "text": "\"There has been lots of commentary on who is staying and who is staying out and this weekend will be the real test,\" said one senior media buying agency executive who has pulled the advertising for one major client.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["there", "there#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with there, or dialectally it, as dummy subject) To exist."], "tags": ["irregular", "with-dummy-subject"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Hi, I’m Jim.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "3 times 5 is fifteen.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "These four are the ones going to the quarter-finals.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "François Mitterrand was president of France from 1981 to 1995.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is how we do it.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Rex is a dog.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "A dog is an animal.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Dogs are animals.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that a predicate nominal applies to the subject."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["predicate", "predicate#English"], ["nominal", "nominal#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is blue.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. (Luke 22:42)", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective, prepositional phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The sky is a deep blue today.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "This building is three hundred years old.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I am 75 kilograms.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "He’s about 6 feet tall.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link a subject to a measurement."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["measurement", "measurement#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "I’m 20 (years old).", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["age", "age#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years."], "raw_tags": ["with a cardinal numeral"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is almost eight (o’clock).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It’s 8:30 [read eight-thirty] in Tokyo.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "What time is it there? It’s night.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate the time of day."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with a dummy subject it) Used to indicate the time of day."], "raw_tags": ["with a dummy subject it"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It has been three years since my grandmother died. (similar to \"My grandmother died three years ago\", but emphasizes the intervening period)", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It had been six days since his departure, when I received a letter from him.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["since", "since#English"], ["time", "time#English"], ["event", "event#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(with since) Used to indicate passage of time since the occurrence of an event."], "raw_tags": ["with since"], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations", "English terms with rare senses", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned", "Regional English"], "examples": [{"text": "I saw her Monday was a week: I saw her a week ago last Monday (a week before last Monday).", "type": "example"}, {"text": "On the morning of Sunday was fortnight before Christmas: on the morning of the Sunday that was two weeks before the Sunday prior to Christmas.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume V, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 97:", "text": "Miss Lardner (whom you have seen at her cousin Biddulph's) saw you at St James's church on Sunday was fortnight.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1770, Historical Memoirs of the Irish Rebellion, in the year 1641 […] In a letter to Walter Harris, Esq; [By John Curry.] The fourth edition, with corrections throughout the whole, and large additions, by the author, Ireland, page 186:", "text": "And so, without as much as to return home to furnish myself for such a journey, volens, nolens, they prevailed, or rather forced me to come to Dublin to confer with those colonels, and that was the last August was twelvemonth.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1803, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Journals of the House of Commons, page 249:", "text": "That they were present at the Election in August was Twelvemonth, at which there was the strictest Scrutiny that ever they saw in their Lives, by all the Four Candidates.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 79-80:", "text": "Allow me to recommend some of the kipper—It was John Hay that catched it Saturday was three weeks.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “The Quest”, in Adam Bede […], volume III, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book fifth, page 53:", "text": "“Did there come no young woman here—very young and pretty—Friday was a fortnight, to see Dinah Morris?”", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1895, Miss M. E. Rope of Suffolk, quoted by Joseph Wright, in The English Dialect Dictionary, page 202", "text": "'Twas there to-morrow is a week."}, {"ref": "1907, John Millington Synge, The Playboy of the Western World, I, page 20:", "text": "I killed my poor father, Tuesday was a week, for doing the like of that.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1920 (published), St. George Kieran Hyland, A Century of Persecution Under Tudor and Stuart Sovereigns from Contemporary Records, London, Paul, page 402, quoting an earlier document, Loosley volume 5, no. 28, \"List of Prisoners: In Sir W. More's handwriting\"", "text": "Theobald Green gent dead in the Marshalsea in August was twelvemonth\nJohn Grey gent delivered out of the Marshalsea about August last by Mr. Secretary and remains in St. Mary Overies.\nJohn Jacob gent delivered out of the Marsh. the XVII of May was twelvemonth and sent to Bridewell by order of the Council."}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["regional", "regional#English"], ["main clause", "main clause#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(rare and regional, chiefly in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses: a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place) and a period of time indicating how long ago that day was."], "tags": ["irregular", "past", "rare", "regional"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with quotations"], "examples": [{"ref": "1844, Robert Chambers, Cyclopedia of English Literature: A History, page 289:", "text": "and when he compares both sides, he will be some time at a loss to fix any determination.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1907, C. J. Cutcliffe Hyne, McTodd, page 232:", "text": "The bag was crisp with ice, and with my fingerless gloves I was a bit of time unholing the buttons. But I got the flap turned back at last, and there was Ryan grey-faced and stark.", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To pass or spend (time)."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["pass", "pass"], ["spend", "spend"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Dinner will be ten minutes.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "It was an hour before he returned.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To take a period of time."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["period", "period"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English impersonal verbs", "English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "It is hot in Arizona, but it is not usually humid.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is it so dark in here?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"], ["it", "it#English"], ["weather", "weather#English"], ["light", "light#English"], ["noise", "noise#English"], ["air", "air#English"], ["quality", "quality#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(often impersonal, with it as a dummy subject) Used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality."], "raw_tags": ["with it as a dummy subject"], "tags": ["impersonal", "irregular", "often"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"ref": "2006 October 9, Kristin Newman (writer), Barney Stinson (character), How I Met Your Mother, season 2, episode 1", "text": "When I get sad, I stop being sad and be awesome instead."}, {"text": "\"What do we do?\" \"We be ourselves.\"", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Just be yourself.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Why is he being nice to me?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "To exist or behave in a certain way."], "links": [["copulative", "copulative#English"], ["verb", "verb#English"]], "qualifier": "dynamic / lexical be", "raw_glosses": ["As a copulative verb:", "(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way."], "raw_tags": ["in progressive tenses"], "tags": ["especially", "irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English literary terms", "English terms with quotations", "English terms with usage examples", "Quotation templates to be cleaned"], "examples": [{"text": "The Universe has no explanation: it just is.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "That was the week that was.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "This is something that was meant to be.", "type": "example"}, {"ref": "1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew ij:[18], folio iij, recto:", "text": "Rachel wepynge ffor her chyldren / and wolde nott be comforted becauſe they were not.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii], page 265:", "text": "To be, or not to be: that is the question: / Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And by opposing end them?", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 351:", "text": "[…]it were great sottishnesse, and apparent false-hood, to say, that that is which is not yet in being, or that already hath ceased from being.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici, II.2, link:", "text": "There is surely a peece of Divinity in us, something that was before the Elements, and owes no homage unto the Sun.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1893, Andrew Martin Fairbairn, Christ in the Centuries, and Other Sermons, 2nd edition, volume 12, E.P. Dutton & Company, page 116:", "text": "And after this death there is to be no resurrection. The old man of sin has ceased to be; once crucified, he lives no more. The death is utter; the end complete.", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "1969 December 7, Monty Python, “Full Frontal Nudity, Dead Parrot sketch”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese):", "text": "This parrot is no more! It has ceased to be! It's expired and gone to meet its maker! This is a late parrot! It's a stiff! Bereft of life, it rests in peace! If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies!", "type": "quote"}, {"ref": "2004 December 13, Richard Schickel, “Not Just an African Story”, in Time:", "text": "The genial hotel manager of the past is no more. Now owner of a trucking concern and living in Belgium, Rusesabagina says the horrors he witnessed in Rwanda \"made me a different man.\"", "type": "quote"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["exist", "exist"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(now usually literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive."], "tags": ["irregular", "literary", "usually"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "Let them be for a few hours.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "Leave us be until the guests arrive.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The cup is on the table.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occupy a place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occupy", "occupy"], ["place", "place"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "When will the meeting be?", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "To occur, to take place."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["occur", "occur"]], "tags": ["irregular"]}, {"categories": ["English terms with usage examples"], "examples": [{"text": "The postman has been today, but my tickets have still not yet come.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have been to Spain many times.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "We've been about twenty miles.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "I have terrible constipation – I haven't been for several days.", "type": "example"}, {"text": "They have been through a great deal of trouble.", "type": "example"}], "glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "links": [["intransitive", "intransitive#English"], ["lexical verb", "lexical verb#English"], ["Elliptical", "elliptical#English"]], "raw_glosses": ["As an intransitive lexical verb:", "(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of \"go\"."], "raw_tags": ["in perfect tenses"], "tags": ["irregular"]}], "sounds": [{"ipa": "/biː/"}, {"ipa": "[biː]", "tags": ["Canada", "Received-Pronunciation"]}, {"audio": "En-uk-to be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg/En-uk-to_be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/En-uk-to_be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bi(ː)]", "tags": ["US"]}, {"audio": "En-us-be.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/En-us-be.ogg/En-us-be.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/En-us-be.ogg"}, {"ipa": "[bɪj]", "tags": ["British", "General-Australian", "Southern", "Southern-US", "Standard"]}, {"ipa": "/bi/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"ipa": "/bɪ/", "tags": ["unstressed"]}, {"homophone": "b"}, {"homophone": "bee"}, {"homophone": "Bea"}, {"rhymes": "-iː"}], "synonyms": [{"tags": ["obsolete"], "word": "bee"}, {"sense": "used to form passive", "word": "get"}], "translations": [{"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyebʔā", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيبقى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyetʕemel", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيتعمل"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "or implied"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "blive"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "worden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "passive form of the verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-iĝi"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + passive participle [-ata, -ita, -ota]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "active tense used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "usually translated using the passive form of the active verb", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["participle", "passive", "rare"], "word": "εἰμί +"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "note": "specific form of each verb must be used", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "venire"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "reru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "れる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "rareru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "られる"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "trɨv baan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ត្រូវបាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "passive form of the verb", "roman": "gida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-기다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "danghada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "–당하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "doeda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-되다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "rida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-리다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "batda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-받다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-지다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "hida", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "-히다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verta"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "verte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "zostać"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "seer (disused)"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bli"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "-s (suffix used on the verb)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tùuk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "ถูก"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "doon", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "โดน"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["positive"], "word": "được"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "bị"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the passive voice", "word": "wurde"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "(use present tense or active participle for present progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "note": "كَانَ (kāna) + (imperfect indicative for past progressive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "beyefḍal", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "بيفضل"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʕammāl", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "عمال"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "bqi", "lang": "Bakhtiari", "note": "used with the verb", "roman": "hone", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "هنه"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhèngzài", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "正在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "verb + 著", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zhe", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "着"}, {"code": "cim", "lang": "Cimbrian", "note": "zèinan + darnaach + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "note": "not used in Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "note": "not used in Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "note": "zijn aan het + infinitive (or a simple tense without zijn when not stressing the continuousness of an action)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "esti + active participle [-anta, -inta, -onta]", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "note": "(sometimes, normally use indicative) olla + third active infinitive in inessive case", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà-"}, {"code": "ig", "lang": "Igbo", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "nà"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "stare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-eom-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어ᇝ"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-am-", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "아ᇝ"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɑmpung", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "កំពុង"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-eo/a gada", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "어/아 가다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-go itda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "고 있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-neunda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "는다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-nda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆫ다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "-tda", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ᆻ다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(Not officially translated into Latin, but nunc can be used to convey the sense that the action is being done right now.)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "apé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ap"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "note": "not used in Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "note": "not used in Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "داشْتَن (dâštan) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "در حال (dar hâl-e) + infinitive + بودَن (budan)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "note": "هاسِی (hâsey) + imperfective verb form", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["dialectal"]}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + gerund", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "estar + a + infinitive", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "note": "(not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "(rarely translated; use the equivalent simple tense or possibly hålla på att + infinitive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gam-lang", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "กำลัง"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "đang"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "auxiliary: used to form the continuous aspect of various tenses", "word": "ń"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "mít"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "ville"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "(not translated; use the future tense [-os])", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "tulla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "note": "not used in French", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "werden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "note": "(for future subjunctive, use θα + imperfective past verb form)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "darō", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "だろう"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ibo (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "(not translated; use a future tense) ivero (I’m to go)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "note": "not used in Macedonian", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "babošen", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "بأبوشهن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "note": "use the future subjunctive tense", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "use present tense or kommer att + infinitive; for subjunctive: use om ... skulle + infinitive or (archaically) use past subjunctive)", "sense": "auxiliary: used to express intent, obligation, appropriateness or relative future occurrence"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "note": "not used in Catalan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "note": "not used in Esperanto", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "-te iru", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ている"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "note": "((not translated; use the equivalent simple tense, or the imperfect in the past)) Videsne quis venit? (Do you see who is coming?)", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "tags": ["modern"], "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "not used in Russian", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "ha"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "auxiliary (archaic in English): used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs", "word": "từng"}, {"code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wees"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hri.", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ရှိ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hprac", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ဖြစ်"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "ne", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "နေ"}, {"code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "hut", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["with-negation"], "word": "ဟုတ်"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "буц"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷ́ty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бы́ти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "si⁴", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal", "literary"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "hai⁶", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["vernacular"], "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "sɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "сы"}, {"code": "cdo", "lang": "Eastern Min Chinese", "roman": "sê", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "gan", "lang": "Gan Chinese", "roman": "si⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hak", "lang": "Hakka Chinese", "roman": "he", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係 /系"}, {"code": "nan-hbl", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "zh-min-nan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Hokkien"], "word": "是"}, {"code": "cjy", "lang": "Jin Chinese", "roman": "si³", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "wéi", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["archaic"], "word": "唯"}, {"code": "lzh", "lang": "Literary Chinese", "roman": "xì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "係"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "wuu", "lang": "Wu Chinese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "hsn", "lang": "Xiang Chinese", "roman": "shr⁵", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "ext", "lang": "Extremaduran", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sel"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "-ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["particle", "predicative"], "word": "d"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["copulative"], "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "anida", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "mǣn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ແມ່ນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "pen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ເປັນ"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "khư̄", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ຄື"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "çé"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "yê (interrogative or relative clauses)", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent"}, {"code": "lou", "lang": "Louisiana Creole", "note": "after auxiliaries or pre-verbal markers; in commands", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dèt"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ṗiin", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᦔᦲᧃ"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "note": "seldom used", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "ākunnu", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ആകുന്നു"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "oci", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ᠣᠴᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "she"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "-ílá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "이〮라〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ànítá", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "아니〮다〮"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "やん"}, {"code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "yaibīn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["formal"], "word": "やいびーん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "wesan"}, {"alt": "*i-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "是"}, {"code": "bxd", "lang": "Pela", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ŋɔ̠t⁵⁵"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "to"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "kay"}, {"code": "rad", "lang": "Rade", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jing"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "tg", "lang": "Tajik", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "будан"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "raw_tags": ["not used"], "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["present"], "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "āku", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆகு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "ā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ஆ"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kʉʉ", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "คือ"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "red", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "རེད"}, {"code": "bo", "lang": "Tibetan", "roman": "yin 'god", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ཡིན་འགོད"}, {"code": "txb", "lang": "Tocharian B", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "tāk-"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "ni"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "jẹ́"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "used to declare the subject and object identical or equivalent", "word": "dwg"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yesāwī", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يساوى"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yeʕmel", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يعمل"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være lig med"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egali"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla yhtä suuri kuin"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "íson", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ίσον"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí ísos", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["with-dative"], "word": "εἰμί ἴσος"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bí cothrom le"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "essere uguale"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fare"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gatda", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "같다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e ednakvo na", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "е еднакво на"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "være or være lik"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vere or vera"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "równać się"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "dar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "egala"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnjátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "равня́ться"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ravnó", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "равно́"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "note": "(e.g. a future tense is used: бу́дет (búdet))", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "polúčitʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "полу́читься"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "sostávitʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "соста́вить"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "éto", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "э́то"}, {"code": "ru", "english": "long dash", "lang": "Russian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "—"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "vara lika med"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "tâo-gàp", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "เท่ากับ"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "se"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ialah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اياله"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "átʼé"}, {"code": "nv", "lang": "Navajo", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "nilį́"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"alt": "r² /⁠er-⁠/", "code": "otk", "lang": "Old Turkic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "𐰼"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "javljátʹsja", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "явля́ться"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "tzm", "lang": "Central Atlas Tamazight", "roman": "ili", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ⵉⵍⵉ"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "chk", "lang": "Chuukese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "mi"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "note": "not used in Egyptian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "ἔχω (ékhō) + (an adverb equivalent to the adjective)", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine"], "word": "הוא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hi", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine"], "word": "היא"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hem", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["masculine", "plural"], "word": "הם"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["feminine", "plural"], "word": "הן"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["past"], "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "note": "not used in Japanese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "d"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "note": "not used in Korean", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "е"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "adalah"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اداله"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "note": "not used in Thai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "note": "optional with adjectives only", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "thì"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by an adjective", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["often", "present", "present-rare"], "word": "كَانَ هُوَ"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "hiya", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "هِيَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imək"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "note": "or with no verb", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "is"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ida", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "이다"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "bpen", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "เป็น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "imek"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "uz", "lang": "Uzbek", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "emoq"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "là"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "medir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to link a subject to a count or measurement", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tenir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tindre"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "suì", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "歲 /岁"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avêreg"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "olla ...-vuotias"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avoir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "evar"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avere"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "... salî bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "been"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mieć"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "avea"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "mať"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "tener"}, {"alt": "often unspoken, e.g. அவர்களுக்கு பத்து வயது, i.e. \"they were ten years old\"", "code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "used to state the age of a subject in years", "word": "ben (diq)"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "facer"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fer"}, {"code": "zh", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "note": "not used in Mandarin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "faire"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "kánei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "κάνει"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "échei", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "έχει"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "is"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "desu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "です"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "dearu", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "である"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "da", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "だ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "е"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "been"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fazer"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "used to indicate ambient conditions such as weather, light, noise or air quality", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mawgūd", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic"], "word": "موجود"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "bukʼine", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "букӏине"}, {"code": "az", "lang": "Azerbaijani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "ban", "lang": "Balinese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bn", "lang": "Bengali", "roman": "hoōẇa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "হওয়া"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "bua", "lang": "Buryat", "roman": "bajxa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "байха"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "ceb", "lang": "Cebuano", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nangin"}, {"code": "ce", "lang": "Chechen", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "i͡u", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "ю"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "cúnzài", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være til"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bestaan"}, {"code": "egy", "lang": "Egyptian", "roman": "wnn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wn:n:n"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êsreg"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ekzisti"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "eve", "lang": "Even", "roman": "ʙi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnast"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla olemassa"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arseboba", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "არსებობა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "arsebobs", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არსებობს"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existieren"}, {"code": "gsw", "lang": "German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Alemannic-German"], "word": "sii"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "ypárcho", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "υπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupárkhō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπάρχω"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "hupókeimai", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ὑπόκειμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "kl", "lang": "Greenlandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "a"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kamao"}, {"code": "hil", "lang": "Hiligaynon", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "pagkamao"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "inh", "lang": "Ingush", "roman": "xila", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "хила"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "esserci"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "そんざいする", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "sonzai suru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "存在する"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "いる"}, {"code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "irassharu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "いらっしゃる"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "ks", "lang": "Kashmiri", "roman": "āsun", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "آسُن"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "miən", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "មាន"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "jonjaehada", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "존재하다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "hebûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bestahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "existeren"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "póstoi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "по́стои"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "اد"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "biyen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بیهن"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "dayen", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "دأیهن"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mhn", "lang": "Mòcheno", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sai'"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "gld", "lang": "Nanai", "roman": "bi-", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "би-"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ukaya"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "or", "lang": "Odia", "roman": "hebā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ହେବା"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "wyn", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "уын"}, {"code": "pap", "lang": "Papiamentu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ta"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "tašrif dâštan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "تَشْریف داشْتَن"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haver"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "rom", "lang": "Romani", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "si"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "exista"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "suščestvovátʹ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "существова́ть"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "asti", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "अस्ति"}, {"code": "sa", "lang": "Sanskrit", "roman": "bhavati", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "भवति"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "essere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "weze"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "постојати"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "postojati"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "so", "lang": "Somali", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "jirid"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existir"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "haber"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "seer"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "existera"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "finnas till"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "vara till"}, {"code": "tl", "lang": "Tagalog", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "maging"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "uḷ", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "உள்"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "uṇḍu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ఉండు"}, {"code": "tet", "lang": "Tetum", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "iha"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mii-yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "มีอยู่"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "var"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "có"}, {"code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "binön"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "sah", "lang": "Yakut", "roman": "baar", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "баар"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "intransitive, non-copulative (usually literary in English): to exist; to have real existence", "word": "est"}, {"code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jam"}, {"code": "apw", "english": "(be together)", "lang": "Western Apache", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "naiágúóli"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yebʔā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Egyptian-Arabic", "masculine"], "word": "يبقى"}, {"code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kān", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["South-Levantine-Arabic"], "word": "كان"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "em", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "եմ"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "escu"}, {"code": "rup", "lang": "Aromanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "hiu"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["present-rare"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "znaxódzicca", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дзіцца"}, {"code": "roa-brg", "lang": "Bourguignon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "pcc", "lang": "Bouyei", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ius"}, {"code": "br", "lang": "Breton", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bezañ"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "dng", "lang": "Chinese", "roman": "ze", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Dungan"], "word": "зэ"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Classical Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bos"}, {"code": "kw", "lang": "Cornish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Unified"], "word": "bôs"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "dlm", "lang": "Dalmatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "saite"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "staan"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zitten"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["informal"], "word": "wezen"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "zich bevinden"}, {"code": "ovd", "lang": "Elfdalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wårå"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "myv", "lang": "Erzya", "roman": "ulems", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "улемс"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esti"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "evn", "lang": "Evenki", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "би"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "roa-fcm", "lang": "Franc-Comtois", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "étar"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ester"}, {"code": "fro", "lang": "Old French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "frm", "lang": "Middle French", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estre"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "jessi"}, {"code": "fur", "lang": "Friulian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "q̇opna", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ყოფნა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "aris", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "არის"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sich befinden"}, {"code": "got", "lang": "Gothic", "roman": "wisan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "eímai", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "είμαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "ht", "lang": "Haitian Creole", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "se"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esar"}, {"code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "ist", "lang": "Istriot", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ièsi"}, {"code": "ruo", "lang": "Istro-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "在る"}, {"alt": "いる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居る"}, {"code": "anq", "lang": "Jarawa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ʈʰi"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sitda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "싯다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "isida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "이시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "sida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "시다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eotda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "엇다"}, {"code": "jje", "lang": "Jeju", "roman": "eutda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "읏다"}, {"code": "kab", "lang": "Kabyle", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ili"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "itda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "있다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "gyesida", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["honorific"], "word": "계시다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eopda", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lld", "lang": "Ladin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vester"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "yū", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ຢູ່"}, {"code": "ltg", "lang": "Latgalian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byut"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sto"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "clt", "lang": "Lautu Chin", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "aw"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "liv", "lang": "Livonian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vȱlda"}, {"code": "lmo", "lang": "Lombard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vèss"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Münsterländisch"], "word": "sien (sin, syn)"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sin"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "liggen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stahn"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sitten"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "khb", "lang": "Lü", "roman": "ẏuu¹", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ᦊᦴᧈ"}, {"code": "lb", "lang": "Luxembourgish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sinn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "se naoǵa", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "се наоѓа"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "berada"}, {"code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Jawi"], "word": "براد"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "boen", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بوئن"}, {"code": "ruq", "lang": "Megleno-Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ire"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ìstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "잇다〮"}, {"code": "okm", "lang": "Middle Korean", "roman": "ěpstá", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "없〯다〮"}, {"code": "nci", "lang": "Nahuatl", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "cah"}, {"code": "zdj", "lang": "Ngazidja Comorian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "uhundriha"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Föhr-Amrum"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Hallig", "Mooring"], "word": "weese"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Helgoland"], "word": "wees"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Sylt"], "word": "wiis"}, {"code": "frr", "lang": "North Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Wiedingharde"], "word": "wjizze"}, {"code": "se", "lang": "Northern Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leat"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligge"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitte"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "liggja"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitja"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èstre"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"alt": "あん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "an", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["inanimate"], "word": "有ん"}, {"alt": "をぅん", "code": "ryu", "lang": "Okinawan", "roman": "wun", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["animate"], "word": "居ん"}, {"code": "cu", "lang": "Church Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "orv", "lang": "Old East Slavic", "roman": "byti", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бꙑти"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bēon"}, {"code": "ang", "lang": "Old English", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "ofs", "lang": "Old Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesa"}, {"alt": "*Is-", "code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "有叱"}, {"code": "oko", "lang": "Old Korean", "roman": "EPUs-", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "無叱"}, {"code": "non", "lang": "Old Norse", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "prg", "lang": "Old Prussian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "būtwei"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wesan"}, {"code": "osx", "lang": "Old Saxon", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sīn"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "pdc", "lang": "Pennsylvania German", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sei"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "hast", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "هَسْت"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pcd", "lang": "Picard", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ète"}, {"code": "pms", "lang": "Piedmontese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esse"}, {"code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nemi"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "tiyay"}, {"code": "qu", "lang": "Quechua", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kai"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "rm", "lang": "Romansch", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "esser"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "naxodítʹsja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "находи́ться"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Campidanese Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èsseri"}, {"code": "sc", "lang": "Sardinian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Logudorese"], "word": "èssere"}, {"code": "stq", "lang": "Saterland Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "weese"}, {"code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bi"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "налазити се"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["Roman"], "word": "nalaziti se"}, {"code": "scn", "lang": "Sicilian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èssiri"}, {"code": "sms", "lang": "Skolt Sami", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "leeʹd"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "zlw-slv", "lang": "Slovincian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bëc"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "kuwa"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ligga"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "stå"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "sitta"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "finnas"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "iru", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "இரு"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "amar", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "அமர்"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "yùu", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "อยู่"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bulunmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "znaxódytysja", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "знахо́дитися"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vec", "lang": "Venetan", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "èser"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ở"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "fy", "lang": "West Frisian", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wêze"}, {"code": "mww", "lang": "White Hmong", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "nyob nov"}, {"code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "zayn", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "זײַן"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "wà"}, {"code": "yo", "lang": "Yoruba", "sense": "to occupy a place", "tags": ["negative"], "word": "sí"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "bı"}, {"code": "za", "lang": "Zhuang", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "youq"}, {"code": "nmn", "lang": "ǃXóõ", "sense": "to occupy a place", "word": "ǀîi"}, {"code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "kāna", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "كَانَ"}, {"code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "linel", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "լինել"}, {"code": "aii", "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic", "roman": "hawe", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ܗܵܘܹܐ"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "izan"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "съм"}, {"code": "rue", "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn", "roman": "bŷty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быти"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ésser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "haver-hi"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "finde sted"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "plaatsvinden"}, {"code": "egl", "lang": "Emilian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êser"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "okazi"}, {"code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olema"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "frp", "lang": "Franco-Provençal", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "étre"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "moxdena", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["noun-from-verb"], "word": "მოხდენა"}, {"code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "xdeba", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["infinitive"], "word": "ხდება"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "stattfinden"}, {"code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "gínomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "gígnomai", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "γίγνομαι"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "eimí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "εἰμί"}, {"code": "grc", "lang": "Ancient Greek", "roman": "sumbaínō", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "συμβαίνω"}, {"code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "hayá", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "הָיָה"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "van"}, {"code": "is", "lang": "Icelandic", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "essere"}, {"alt": "ある", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "aru", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "有る"}, {"code": "jv", "lang": "Javanese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ana"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "ciə", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ជា"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "kɨɨ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "គឺ"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "ireonada", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "일어나다"}, {"code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "saenggida", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "생기다"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "lo", "lang": "Lao", "roman": "bang kœ̄t", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ບັງເກີດ"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "sum"}, {"code": "lij", "lang": "Ligurian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "êse"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "stattfinnen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "geven"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "bören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "gebören"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["German-Low-German"], "word": "schehn"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "bíde", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "би́де"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "е"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "mnc", "lang": "Manchu", "roman": "bimbi", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ᠪᡳᠮᠪᡳ"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "mzn", "lang": "Mazanderani", "roman": "bayen", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بأین"}, {"code": "enm", "lang": "Middle English", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "been"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bii", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "бий"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bajx", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic"], "word": "байх"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bui", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠤᠢ"}, {"code": "mn", "lang": "Mongolian", "roman": "bayiqu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Mongolian"], "word": "ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ"}, {"code": "nrf", "lang": "Norman", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "être"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "oc", "lang": "Occitan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "èsser"}, {"code": "rsk", "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn", "roman": "buc", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "буц"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "rgn", "lang": "Romagnol", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "cadér"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proisxodítʹ", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "происходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "proizojtí", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "произойти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ser"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "note": "about actions", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ske"}, {"code": "ta", "lang": "Tamil", "roman": "naṭa", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "நட"}, {"code": "te", "lang": "Telugu", "roman": "agu", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "అగు"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "gə̀ət-kʉ̂n", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "เกิดขึ้น"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "olmak"}, {"code": "tr", "lang": "Turkish", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "var olmak"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "to occur, take place", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "có"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "to occur, take place", "word": "biyen"}, {"code": "ast", "lang": "Asturian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tar"}, {"code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "egon"}, {"code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "bycʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "быць"}, {"code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "sǎm", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "съм"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ser-hi"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "anar"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "passar"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "shì", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "是"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "yǒu", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "有"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "zài", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "在"}, {"code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "lái", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "來 /来"}, {"code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "být"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være her"}, {"code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "zijn"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veni"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "iri"}, {"code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "aller"}, {"code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venir"}, {"code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "sein"}, {"code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "होना"}, {"code": "izh", "lang": "Ingrian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "olla"}, {"code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bí"}, {"code": "sga", "lang": "Old Irish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "at·tá"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "andare"}, {"code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "venire"}, {"alt": "いってくる", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "itte kuru", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "行って来る"}, {"code": "km", "lang": "Khmer", "roman": "nɨw", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "នៅ"}, {"code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bûn"}, {"code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "veniō"}, {"code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būt"}, {"code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "būti"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "wesen"}, {"code": "nds-de", "lang": "Low German", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["German-Low-German", "dialectal"], "word": "sien"}, {"code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "e", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "е"}, {"code": "gv", "lang": "Manx", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bee"}, {"code": "nb", "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "være"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vera"}, {"code": "nn", "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vere"}, {"code": "prs", "lang": "Dari", "roman": "būdan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بُودَن"}, {"code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Iranian Persian", "roman": "budan", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "بودَن"}, {"code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "być"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ter"}, {"code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "fi"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "bytʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective", "present-rare"], "word": "быть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prixodítʹ", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "приходи́ть"}, {"code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "prijtí", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["perfective"], "word": "прийти́"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Cyrillic", "imperfective"], "word": "би̏ти"}, {"code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["Roman", "imperfective"], "word": "bȉti"}, {"code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byť"}, {"code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "biti"}, {"code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "byś"}, {"code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "estar"}, {"code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "vara"}, {"code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "maa", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "มา"}, {"code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "búty", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "tags": ["imperfective"], "word": "бу́ти"}, {"code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "honā", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "ہونا"}, {"code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "đến"}, {"code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "bod"}, {"code": "zza", "lang": "Zazaki", "sense": "elliptical form of \"be here\", \"go to and return from\" or similar", "word": "tiya biyen"}], "wikipedia": ["be"], "word": "be"}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (1c4b89b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

All languages combined Wiktionary data extraction errors and warnings

be/English/verb