aband

āband (canonical masculine)
āband (nominative singular)
ābanda (nominative plural)
āband (accusative singular)
ābanda (accusative plural)
ābandes (genitive singular)
ābando (genitive plural)
ābande (dative singular)
ābandum (dative plural)
ābandu (instrumental singular)

Middle High German: ābent

Alemannic German: Obad, Obid

Swabian: Obad

Bavarian:

Cimbrian: aabend

Central Franconian: Oovend

Hunsrik: Ovend

Kölsch: Ovend

Luxembourgish: Owend

East Central German: Ohmd, Oomd

German: Abend

Rhine Franconian: Owed, Owend

Pennsylvania German: Owed

Vilamovian: ȫwyt

Yiddish: אָוונט (ovnt)

→ North Frisian: Oabend

From Proto-West Germanic *ābanþ, from Proto-Germanic *ēbanþs.


derecho

es-adj

derecho (feminine derecha, masculine plural derechos, feminine plural derechas)

derecha (feminine)
derechos (masculine plural)
derechas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Old Spanish, from Vulgar Latin *dērēctus, from Latin dīrectus. Doublet of directo.

straight (not crooked or bent; having a constant direction throughout its length)


derecho

Sigue derecho.

straight (of a direction relative to the subject, precisely; as if following a direct line)


西

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (西):
* → Japanese: 西(さい) (sai); 西(せい) (sei)
* → Korean: 서(西) (seo)
* → Vietnamese: tây (西)

ja-r

Japanese: 西(シャー) (shā, “west wind (mahjong tile)”)

Pictogram (象形) – a bag or basket, borrowed for phonetic value. Compare 東 (OC *toːŋ, “bundle > east”), 束 and 鹵. Traditionally explained as a pictogram of a bird settling into its nest, which by analogy with the setting of the sun means “west”. This etymology has been disputed (Sears), but Sagart (2004) stands by it.
See also the top component of 票, originally two hands holding an object vaguely similar to a bag, basket or nest.
The word is traditionally reconstructed to have a /*s/-initial in Old Chinese, e.g. /*sɯːl/ in Zhengzhang (2003). However, recent scholarship has suggested that the Old Chinese initial should instead be reconstructed as /*s-nˤ/, one of the reasons being 西 appears to be the phonetic in 迺 (nǎi), the archaic graphic variant of 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ). The new reconstruction, /*s-nˤər/ in Baxter and Sagart (2014), also accounts for how 西 can be the phonetic in 哂 (shěn, “to smile”). For more information, see Sagart (2004), Baxter and Sagart (2014) and Nohara (2018).
In light of the new construction with the initial consonant cluster /*s-nˤ/, the possibilities of the etymology of 西, aside from being cognate with 棲／栖 (qī, “to roost; to rest”) (B-S OC /*s-nˤər/), include:
* Related to Tibetan ནེར་བ (ner ba, “to sink; to fall gradually”) (Unger, 1990).
* Related to Chepang नेलःसा (nelʔ‑, “to go down; to sink”), which may be the same etymon as the Written Tibetan word above (Schuessler, 2007).
* Related to the root 尼 (nǐ, “to stop”) (OC /*nˤərʔ/ for intransitive form, /*nˤərʔ-s/ for transitive form in Baxter and Sagart (2014)).
* Related to Tibetan མནལ (mnal, “sleep”) and Burmese နား (na:, “to rest; to stop for a while”) (Hill, 2019).
* An Austroasiatic nominal n-infix derivative from the root "go down", as in Old Mon cnis (“ghat”) < Old Mon cis (“to go down”) , with Proto-Austroasiatic *tsn- > Proto-Sinitic *sn-. Therefore, this etymon literally means "the place where one goes down to > Mon "ghat" > OC "nest, west". The base form is 濟 (OC *ʔsliːls) via Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007).


西

腳趾尾拉西／脚趾尾拉西 [Cantonese] ― goek³ zi² mei⁵⁻¹ laai¹ sai¹ [Jyutping] ― to do a sidespin with one's little toe

jat¹ je⁵ sai¹ lok⁶ keoi⁵ dou⁶ [Jyutping]


西

Originally a compound of 去に (ini, “going away”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 去(い)ぬ (inu, “to go away”)) + し (shi, “wind; (by extension) direction”, as seen in other ancient-derived words as 嵐 (arashi, “storm”, literally “wild + wind”), 旋風 (tsumuji, “whirlwind”), 東 (higashi, “east”, from older pi muka si, literally “sun + facing + wind/direction”)).
First cited in the Kojiki of 712, with the phonetic spelling 爾斯 (nisi).

compound

a place name, especially the name of various wards in major cities throughout Japan


southeast

en-adj

southeast (not generally comparable, comparative more southeast, superlative most southeast)

more southeast (comparative)
most southeast (superlative)

A southeast wind.

Coming from the southeast; southeasterly.


southwest

southwest (not generally comparable, comparative more southwest, superlative most southwest)

more southwest (comparative)
most southwest (superlative)

From Middle English southwest, southewest, from Old English sūþwest and sūþanwestan, equivalent to south + west. Cognate with West Frisian súdwest, Dutch zuidwest, German Südwesten, Danish sydvest, Swedish sydväst.

A southwest wind.

Coming from the southwest; southwesterly.


northwest

northwest (not generally comparable, comparative more northwest, superlative most northwest)

more northwest (comparative)
most northwest (superlative)

A northwest wind.

Coming from the northwest; northwesterly.


northeast

northeast (not generally comparable, comparative more northeast, superlative most northeast)

more northeast (comparative)
most northeast (superlative)

A northeast wind.

Coming from the northeast; northeasterly.


NU

Abbreviation of norduesto (“northwest”).


NE

United States of America
United States of America

Abbreviation of Nebraska, a state of the United States of America.

Initialism of New England, a region of the United States of America.

New England

(software) Initialism of New Executable (executable file format used by early 16-bit versions of Microsoft Windows and IBM OS/2).


NE

Initialism of northeast, a cardinal point of the compass.


NE

Abbreviation of nordeosto (“northeast”).


NE

ISO 3166-2:CH code of Neuchâtel (canton)


sol

az-noun

sol (definite accusative solu, plural sollar)

solu (accusative definite)
sollar (plural)
sol (nominative singular)
sollar (nominative plural)
solu (accusative definite singular)
solları (accusative definite plural)
sola (dative singular)
sollara (dative plural)
solda (locative singular)
sollarda (locative plural)
soldan (ablative singular)
sollardan (ablative plural)
solun (definite genitive singular)
solların (definite genitive plural)
solum (first-person nominative possessed-single possessive singular)
sollarım (first-person nominative possessed-many possessive singular)
solun (nominative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
solların (nominative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
solu (nominative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
solları (nominative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
solumuz (first-person nominative plural possessed-single possessive)
sollarımız (first-person nominative plural possessed-many possessive)
solunuz (nominative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sollarınız (nominative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
solu (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
solları (nominative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
solları (nominative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
solumu (accusative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
sollarımı (accusative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
solunu (accusative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sollarını (accusative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
solunu (accusative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sollarını (accusative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
solumuzu (accusative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
sollarımızı (accusative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
solunuzu (accusative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sollarınızı (accusative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
solunu (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarını (accusative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarını (accusative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
soluma (dative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
sollarıma (dative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
soluna (dative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sollarına (dative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
soluna (dative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sollarına (dative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
solumuza (dative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
sollarımıza (dative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
solunuza (dative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sollarınıza (dative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
soluna (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarına (dative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarına (dative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
solumda (first-person locative possessed-single possessive singular)
sollarımda (first-person locative possessed-many possessive singular)
solunda (locative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sollarında (locative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
solunda (locative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sollarında (locative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
solumuzda (first-person locative plural possessed-single possessive)
sollarımızda (first-person locative plural possessed-many possessive)
solunuzda (locative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sollarınızda (locative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
solunda (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarında (locative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarında (locative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
solumdan (ablative first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
sollarımdan (ablative first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
solundan (ablative possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sollarından (ablative possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
solundan (ablative possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sollarından (ablative possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
solumuzdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
sollarımızdan (ablative first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
solunuzdan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sollarınızdan (ablative plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
solundan (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarından (ablative plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarından (ablative plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
solumun (first-person genitive possessed-single possessive singular)
sollarımın (first-person genitive possessed-many possessive singular)
solunun (genitive possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
sollarının (genitive possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
solunun (genitive possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
sollarının (genitive possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
solumuzun (first-person genitive plural possessed-single possessive)
sollarımızın (first-person genitive plural possessed-many possessive)
solunuzun (genitive plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
sollarınızın (genitive plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
solunun (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarının (genitive plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
sollarının (genitive plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

küçənin sol tərəfi


left

From Middle English left, luft, leoft, lift, lyft, from Old English left, lyft (“weak, clumsy, foolish”), attested in Old English lyftādl (“palsy, paralysis”), from Proto-Germanic *luft-, from *lubjaną (“to castrate, lop off”) (compare dialectal English lib, West Frisian lobje, Dutch lubben), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)lewp-, *(s)lup- (“hanging limply”). Compare Scots left (“left”), North Frisian lefts, leeft, leefts (“left”), West Frisian lofts (“left”), dialectal Dutch loof (“weak, worthless”), Low German lucht (“left”).


south

en-verb

south (third-person singular simple present souths, present participle southing, simple past and past participle southed)

souths (present singular third-person)
southing (participle present)
southed (participle past)
southed (past)

From Middle English south, from Old English sūþ, from Proto-West Germanic *sunþr, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą. Compare West Frisian súd, Dutch zuid, German Süd, Danish syd.

The moon souths at nine.

(astronomy) To come to the meridian; to cross the north and south line.


south

English: south

Scots: sooth

Yola: zouth

From Old English sūþ, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *sunþr, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.


west

PIE word
 *wek(ʷ)speros
From Middle English west, from Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.
Cognate with Scots wast, Saterland Frisian Wääste, West Frisian west, Dutch west, German West, Danish vest. Cognate also with Old French west, French ouest, Spanish oeste, Portuguese oeste, Catalan oest, Galician oeste, Italian ovest (all ultimately borrowings of the English word). Compare also Latin vesper (“evening”), with which it is possibly cognate via Proto-Indo-European.

Interior in 1925, (left) looking north to chancel and (right) looking south (to liturgical west end) It was on account of this connection that St James's became the clowns 'church', an annual clowns' service being held there ...

2008, Philip Temple, Northern Clerkenwell and Pentonville, Paul Mellon Ctr for Studies, →ISBN, page 356:

as in the mosaic of the ascension on San Frediano's liturgical west (geographically east) façade.

2017, Stephen Kite, Building Ruskin's Italy: Watching Architecture, Routledge, →ISBN, page 48:

Spence had decided on a huge image of Christ on the [liturgical] east end [which is the geographic north], filling the entire wall and to be visible through the [liturgical] West Window (Fig. 24.2).

2019, Sarah Hosking, "Coventry Cathedral", in Prickett Stephen Prickett, Edinburgh Companion to the Bible and the Arts, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 371:

(ecclesiastial) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical west, that part of a church which is opposite to, and farthest from, the part containing the chancel.


west

Afrikaans: wes

Negerhollands: west

→ Papiamentu: wèst

From Middle Dutch west, from Old Dutch west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą. Compare German West, English and West Frisian west, Danish vest.


west

west (nominative singular)
westë (nominative plural)
westu (genitive singular)
westów (genitive plural)
westowi (dative singular)
westóm (dative plural)
west (accusative singular)
westë (accusative plural)
westã (instrumental singular)
westama (instrumental plural)
wesce (locative singular)
westach (locative plural)
west (singular vocative)
wesce (singular vocative)
westë (plural vocative)


west

English: west

Scots: wast

From Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *west, *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą, from *westraz, from Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros (“evening”).


west

Middle English: west

English: west

Scots: wast

→ Old French: west (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *westr, see also Old High German west, Old Norse vestr.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
[Wiht] is þrittiġes mīla lang ēast ⁊ west, ⁊ twelf mīla brād sūð ⁊ norð.
[Wight] is thirty miles long east-to-west and twelve miles wide north-to-south.


east

From Middle English est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-West Germanic *austr, from Proto-Germanic *austrą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“east”). Compare West Frisian east, Dutch oost, German Ost, Danish øst, Norwegian Nynorsk aust, Swedish öst.

восхо́д m (vosxód) (dated, now means "sunrise")

We, in the west, agreed amongst ourselves that a penitentiary should be erected with our half of the money arising as above stated; and the east agreed to improve the country in their vicinity with the other half.

1855, John Reynolds, My Own Times: Embracing Also the History of My Life, page 271:

The eastern region or area; the inhabitants thereof.


east

westward

antonym(s) of “situated or lying in or towards the east”

(meteorology) Blowing (as wind) from the east.

the east front of a cathedral

Throughout the book I refer directionally to the altar and chancel of St. Andrew's as situated at ecclesiastical east (to avoid overcomplicating matters), not geographical or magnetic southeast. Thus, the altar is located at the east end of the church, and the gallery, at the west.

2014, Paul Porwoll, Against All Odds: History of Saint Andrew's Parish Church, Charleston, 1706-2013, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 365:

The tapestry by Graham Sutherland that occupies the whole wall of the liturgical east and geographic north of the cathedral is recognisable […] a huge image of Christ on the [liturgical] east end, filling the entire wall and to be visible through the [liturgical] West Window (Fig. 24.2).

(ecclesiastical) Designating, or situated in, the liturgical east.


east

→ Cornish: est


east

Middle English: est

English: east

→ Old French: est

French: est (see there for further descendants)


north

en-noun

north (countable and uncountable, plural norths)

From Middle English north, from Old English norþ, from Proto-West Germanic *norþr, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą, ultimately, these may derive from either: (a) Proto-Indo-European *h₁ner- (“inner, under”), from *h₁en (“in”); (b) alternatively from a Proto-Indo-European *ner- (“left, below”), as north is to the left when one faces the rising sun.
Cognate with various Germanic counterparts such as Dutch noord, West Frisian noard, German Nord, Danish and Norwegian nord; also with Greek νέρτερος (nérteros, “infernal, lower”).

cog

по́лночь f (pólnočʹ) (obsolete, now means "midnight")

(physics) The positive or north pole of a magnet, which seeks the magnetic pole near Earth's geographic North Pole (which, for its magnetic properties, is a south pole).


north

English: north

Scots: north

Yola: nordh, noardth


north

English: north

Scots: north

Yola: nordh


right

duty

antonym(s) of “legal or moral entitlement”

From Middle English right, righte, reght, reghte, riȝt, riȝte, from Old English riht, reht, ġeriht (“that which is right, just, or proper; a right; due; law; canon; rule; direction; justice; equity; standard”), from Proto-West Germanic *reht, from Proto-Germanic *rehtą (“a right”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵt- (“to straighten; direct”). Cognate with Dutch recht (“a right; privilege”), German Recht (“a right”), Danish ret (“a right”).

der

The pharmacy is just on the right past the bookshop.


right

desctree

English: right
→ Spanish: right
→ Welsh: reit

Geordie English: reet

Scots: richt

Yola: reights (plural)

right (direction; as opposed to the left)


down

en-adv

down (not generally comparable, comparative farther down, superlative farthest down)

farther down (comparative)
farthest down (superlative)

up

antonym(s) of “from a higher position to a lower one”

up

antonym(s) of “into a state of non-operation”

up

direction leading away from the principal terminus

From Middle English doun, from Old English dūne, aphetic form of adūne, from ofdūne (“off the hill”). For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Middle Low German dāle (“(in/to the) valley”), i.e. "down(wards)".

noncog

I'm stuck on 11 down.

(crosswords, in relation to a numbered clued word) In a downwards direction; vertically.


w

head

w (lower case, upper case W, plural ws or w's)

The twenty-third letter of the English alphabet, called double-u and written in the Latin script.


n

Alternative forms: n., N


北

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (北):
* → Japanese: 北(ほく) (hoku)
* → Korean: 북(北) (buk)
* → Vietnamese: bắc (北)

→ Japanese: 北(ペー) (pē, “north wind (mahjong tile)”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (北) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – two men back to back. Originally meaning “back”; the character 背 (OC *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs) refers to the original word.
Compare 化, 比, 卬, and 尼.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (“to carry (on back), shoulder”).
The sense of “north” is derived from “back (of body)”: “back” → “to turn the back to; to retreat” → “north”.
The ancient Chinese value the southern direction and houses are traditionally oriented along a north–south axis, as evident in the fengshui theory and in the orientation of buildings in Chinese Neolithic sites. North is the direction the back is oriented to when the person is facing south.
Compare the graphical origin of 南 (OC *nuːm, “south”) (Sagart, 1988).

inh-lite

北移

北京 ― Běijīng ― Beijing (literally, “northern capital”)


北

Cognate with mainland Japanese 西 (nishi, “west”).


s

head

s (lower case, upper case S, plural ss or s's)

The nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.


s

The ordinal number nineteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.


s

Abbreviations.
s
# (stenoscript) the sound /s/ in a word.
#: (an orthographic ⟨s⟩ pronounced /z/ is transcribed z)
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of us.
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of saw.
# (stenoscript) the prefix or initial syllable sub-
#: (some manuals advise capital S for the prefix sub-)

(metrology) Abbreviation of scruple. (unit of mass in the apothecaries' system)

scruple

(physics) Abbreviation of strange quark.


南

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (南):
* → Japanese: 南(なん) (nan)
* → Okinawan: 南(なん) (nan)
* → Korean: 남(南) (nam)
* → Vietnamese: nam (南)

ja-r

→ Japanese: 南(ナン) (nan, “south wind (mahjong tile)”)

This character has been explained as a pictogram (象形) of a hanging percussion instrument, originally identical to the left side of 㱿. Under this hypothesis its borrowing for the word “south” is difficult to explain.
Sagart (1988) instead proposes that it is a pictogram of the front of a house. Archaeological evidence confirms that in antiquity, at least in some regions, houses were built to face south.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-nam (“sky, sun”) (STEDT; Schuessler (2007); Benedict (1972)); the south is traditionally associated with the sun & light, compare 陽 (OC *laŋ, “light, sun-lit south-side of a hill”).
: If so, cognate with Tibetan གནམ (gnam, “sky”), ནམ (nam, “night”), Tshangla ngam (“sun, noon, day, sky”), Chepang न्याम् (nyam, “sun, sunlight, storm-cloud, weather”).
Alternatively, Sagart (2004) relates this word to Old Chinese *nɨm (revised to *nˤ[ə]m in 2014) "belly, front of the body", further "south" to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nam (“rib(s)”), as one term for one body-part often shifts its meaning to another body-part nearby.
: If so, 南 is cognate with 妊 (OC *njɯms, “to carry inside one's belly → to be pregnant”), 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms, “to carry a burden, especially in front of the body”), also 腩 (OC *nuːmʔ, “belly (of an ox)”), Southern Pumi nõ⁵⁵, Burmese နံရိုး (nam-rui:, “side of the body, rib”), and thus is a semantic counterpart to 北 (OC *pɯːɡ, “north”), which is related to 背 (OC *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs, “back of the body”).


南

⟨mi₁nami₁⟩ → */mʲinamʲɨ/ → /minami/
From Old Japanese.


南

Cognate to Yonaguni 南 (hai, “south, southerly”) and western Japanese 南風 (hae, “southerly winds”).

a southerly (wind blowing from the south)


南

Cognate to Okinawan 南 (fē, “south, southerly”) and western Japanese 南風 (hae, “southerly winds”).


東

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (東):
* → Japanese: 東(とう) (tō)
* → Korean: 동(東) (dong)
* → Vietnamese: đông (東)

Japanese: 東(トン) (ton, “east wind (mahjong tile)”)

Jiajie (假借) and Ideogram (指事): 束 (OC *hljoɡ) or 橐 (OC *tʰaːɡ) borrowed for sound 東 (OC *toːŋ), whith a horizontal stroke added as a distinguishing mark to differentiate the character from 束.
Alternatively, it is also thought to be a pictogram (象形) of either a bundle of faggots tied together or a bag tied at both ends (like a cellophane-wrapped candy with the ends twisted).
Interpreted in the Shuowen Jiezi as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) the sun (日) rising behind a tree (木). According to Allan (1991) p. 47-50, the character represents the Fu Sang tree. However, the original form is rather different, hence any interpretation tied to a tree is most likely a folk etymology.
See the top component of 曹 in the original version. See also 柬, 熏, 西 and 鹵/卤.
Cognate with Burmese ထွန်း (htwan:, “be bright”), Chepang थोङ्सा (thoŋ‑, “lighten; be bright”) and Chepang थोङ्ह (thoŋh, “awake time (as opposed to dream time)”) (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps related to or influenced by 暾 (OC *tʰuːn, “rising sun”).

cog

東亞

东亚

東德

东德

房東

房东

股東

股东


東

→ English: higashi

/ɸiŋɡaɕi/ → /ɸiɡaɕi/ → /hiɡaɕi/
Sound shift from hingashi (see Etymology 2 below).
Now the standard word for east.


東

(Buddhism) Short for 東本願寺 (Higashi Hongan-ji): a Buddhist temple in Shimogyō, Kyoto, Japan


東

東 (canonical)
azuma (romanization)
aduma (romanization)
あづま (hiragana historical)

⟨aduma⟩ → /ad͡zuma/ → /azuma/
From Old Japanese, itself of unknown derivation.

Short for 東琴 (azumagoto): a six-stringed Japanese zither


東

東 (canonical)
Azuma (romanization)
Aduma (romanization)
あづま (hiragana historical)


東

ja-pos

東(とう) • (Tō)

Short for 関東 (Kantō):: the Kantō region of Japan

Short for 東国 (Tōgoku): a historical administrative division of Japan, corresponding to the modern Kantō and Tōkai regions


東

From Mandarin 東／东 (dōng).
Compare Wu 東／东 (ton), Hakka 東／东 (tûng), Min Nan 東／东 (tong).

(mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of east wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)


東

Nominalization of the stem of adjective 明らか (akiraka, “clear”).


東

Nominalization of verb 上る, 登る (noboru, “to ascend, rise”).


東

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin, start”).


東

From 上り (agari, “ascent, rise”) in reference to the direction where the sun rises or ascends.


東

Japanese: 東 (azuma)

Ultimate derivation unknown.
A speculative origin might be a compound of 天 (ama, “sky, heavens”, combining form) + 端 (tuma, “edge, beginning”), but the elision of the ma in ama does not follow normal patterns.

com

the lands east of the 都 (mi₁yako₁, “imperial capital”)


東

Japanese: 東 (hingashi → higashi)

Found in one poem of the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), but consistently spelled with this single kanji rather than in man'yōgana, thus leaving the reading unspecified.
Originally a compound of 日 (pi₁, “sun”) + 向か (muka, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku), “to face a direction”). The final -si is possibly either the 風 (si) affix meaning “wind”, or a suffix indicating direction as in 昔 (mukasi, “past”).


SW

en-noun

SW (countable and uncountable, plural SWs)

PAOTING (Ch’ing-Yüan, Tsingyuan), capital of Hopeh province, China, is 90 mi. (145 km.) S.W. of Peking on the Peking-Hankow railway.

1968, Joseph Earle Spencer, “Paoting”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 17, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 237, column 1:


ouest

→ Catalan: oest

→ Galician: oeste

→ Italian: ovest

→ Portuguese: oeste

→ Spanish: oeste

Inherited from Middle French ouest, from Old French ouest, west, borrowed from Old English west (“west”). The English (rather than Dutch or Norse) origin of the French compass directions is evidenced by the vowel in est.


δύση

dýsi (romanization)
δύσεις (plural)
δύση (nominative singular)
δύσεις (nominative plural)
δύσης (genitive singular)
δύσεων (genitive plural)
δύση (accusative singular)
δύσεις (accusative plural)
δύση (singular vocative)
δύσεις (plural vocative)

el-decl-noun

Also, older or formal genitive singlar: δύσεως (dýseos)


δυτικός

head

δυτικός • (dytikós) m (feminine δυτική, neuter δυτικό)

dytikós (romanization)
δυτική (feminine)
δυτικό (neuter)
δυτικότερος (masculine nominative singular)
δυτικότερη (feminine nominative singular)
δυτικότερο (neuter nominative singular)
δυτικότεροι (masculine nominative plural)
δυτικότερες (feminine nominative plural)
δυτικότερα (neuter nominative plural)
δυτικότερου (genitive masculine singular)
δυτικότερης (feminine genitive singular)
δυτικότερου (genitive neuter singular)
δυτικότερων (genitive masculine plural)
δυτικότερων (feminine genitive plural)
δυτικότερων (genitive neuter plural)
δυτικότερο (accusative masculine singular)
δυτικότερη (accusative feminine singular)
δυτικότερο (accusative neuter singular)
δυτικότερους (accusative masculine plural)
δυτικότερες (accusative feminine plural)
δυτικότερα (accusative neuter plural)
δυτικότερε (masculine singular vocative)
δυτικότερη (feminine singular vocative)
δυτικότερο (neuter singular vocative)
δυτικότεροι (masculine plural vocative)
δυτικότερες (feminine plural vocative)
δυτικότερα (neuter plural vocative)
δυτικός (masculine nominative singular)
δυτική (feminine nominative singular)
δυτικό (neuter nominative singular)
δυτικοί (masculine nominative plural)
δυτικές (feminine nominative plural)
δυτικά (neuter nominative plural)
δυτικού (genitive masculine singular)
δυτικής (feminine genitive singular)
δυτικού (genitive neuter singular)
δυτικών (genitive masculine plural)
δυτικών (feminine genitive plural)
δυτικών (genitive neuter plural)
δυτικό (accusative masculine singular)
δυτική (accusative feminine singular)
δυτικό (accusative neuter singular)
δυτικούς (accusative masculine plural)
δυτικές (accusative feminine plural)
δυτικά (accusative neuter plural)
δυτικέ (masculine singular vocative)
δυτική (feminine singular vocative)
δυτικό (neuter singular vocative)
δυτικοί (masculine plural vocative)
δυτικές (feminine plural vocative)
δυτικά (neuter plural vocative)

el-decl-adj-positive

Comparative: <i class="Grek mention" lang="el">πιο</i> + positive forms (e.g. πιο δυτικός, etc.)
 Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο δυτικός, etc.)

el-decl-adj-table

δυτικός (dytikós)

δυτική (dytikí)

δυτικό (dytikó)

δυτικοί (dytikoí)

δυτικές (dytikés)

δυτικά (dytiká)

δυτικού (dytikoú)

δυτικής (dytikís)

δυτικού (dytikoú)

δυτικών (dytikón)

δυτικών (dytikón)

δυτικών (dytikón)

δυτικό (dytikó)

δυτική (dytikí)

δυτικό (dytikó)

δυτικούς (dytikoús)

δυτικές (dytikés)

δυτικά (dytiká)

δυτικέ (dytiké)

δυτική (dytikí)

δυτικό (dytikó)

δυτικοί (dytikoí)

δυτικές (dytikés)

δυτικά (dytiká)

δυτικότερος (dytikóteros)

δυτικότερη (dytikóteri)

δυτικότερο (dytikótero)

δυτικότεροι (dytikóteroi)

δυτικότερες (dytikóteres)

δυτικότερα (dytikótera)

δυτικότερου (dytikóterou)

δυτικότερης (dytikóteris)

δυτικότερου (dytikóterou)

δυτικότερων (dytikóteron)

δυτικότερων (dytikóteron)

δυτικότερων (dytikóteron)

δυτικότερο (dytikótero)

δυτικότερη (dytikóteri)

δυτικότερο (dytikótero)

δυτικότερους (dytikóterous)

δυτικότερες (dytikóteres)

δυτικότερα (dytikótera)

δυτικότερε (dytikótere)

δυτικότερη (dytikóteri)

δυτικότερο (dytikótero)

δυτικότεροι (dytikóteroi)

δυτικότερες (dytikóteres)

δυτικότερα (dytikótera)

Learned borrowing from Koine Greek δῠτικός (dutikós). Morphologically δύω (dýo) + -τικός (-tikós). In the proper senses, semantic loan from French occidental and English western.

lbor

Western Christianity
Western Christianity

Western, Occidental; belonging to the West; pertaining to the Occident; related to the Western world or to Western Christianity


SSE

Scottish English
Scottish English#English

(linguistics) Initialism of Standard Scottish English/Scottish Standard English.


WSW

Western Sydney Wanderers FC
w:Western Sydney Wanderers FC

(soccer) Initialism of Western Sydney Wanderers FC.


NW

en-noun

NW (countable and uncountable, plural NWs)


NW

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia

Alternative form of NRW (“North Rhine-Westphalia”)


NW

ISO 3166-2:CH code of Nidwalden (canton)


au

The sense “north” may be reinforced by or a semantic loan from Venetan: vago su a Trénto (“I go north to Trento”, literally “I go up to Trento”).

Ich ghéa au kan Triin.


est

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

a l'est del país


est

Inherited from Old French, from Old English ēast.


est

→ Asturian: este

→ Catalan: est

→ Corsican: este, est

→ Galician: leste

→ Italian: est

→ Occitan: èst

→ Portuguese: este, → leste

→ Romanian: est

→ Spanish: este


est

English: east

→ Cornish: est

Scots: aist, eist

From Old English ēast, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *austr.


est

est (accusative indefinite nominative)
estul (accusative definite nominative)
est (indefinite)
estului (definite)
estule (vocative)


meridies

la-noun

merīdiēs m (genitive merīdiēī); fifth declension

merīdiēs (canonical masculine)
merīdiēī (genitive)
merīdiēs (nominative singular)
merīdiēs (nominative plural)
merīdiēī (genitive singular)
merīdiērum (genitive plural)
merīdiēī (dative singular)
merīdiēbus (dative plural)
merīdiem (accusative singular)
merīdiēs (accusative plural)
merīdiē (ablative singular)
merīdiēbus (ablative plural)
merīdiēs (singular vocative)
merīdiēs (plural vocative)

Balkan Romance:

Aromanian: amiridz

Romanian: meriză

Italo-Romance:

Old Italian: merigge

Italian: meriggio

Borrowings:

→ English: meridiem; ⇒ a.m., p.m.

→ Italian: meridie

→ Portuguese: merídio

→ Spanish: meridiem, merídiem

From a dissimilation of earlier medīdiēs, derived from medius (“middle”) + diēs (“day”). The sense of 'south' is due to the southward orientation of the sun at noon in the northern hemisphere.


nord

Borrowed from French nord, from Old English norþ, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.


nord

From Old Norse norðr, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.


nord

→ Asturian: norte

→ Catalan: nord

→ Galician: norte, norde

→ Italian: nord

→ Portuguese: norte

→ Romanian: nord

→ Romansch: nord

→ Spanish: norte

Inherited from Middle French nord, nort, from Old French nort(h), borrowed from Old English norþ (“north”), which see. The English (rather than Dutch or Norse) origin of the French compass points is evidenced by the vowel in est.


nord

Via Spanish and French, ultimately from Old English norþ, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.


nord

From Old French norht, north, nort (“north”), from Old English norþ (“north”), from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą (“north”), from Proto-Indo-European *ner- (“lower, bottom; to sink, shrivel”).


nord

From Danish nord, from Old Norse norðr, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.


nord

From Old Norse norðr, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą. Akin to English north.


nord

nord (accusative indefinite nominative)
nordul (accusative definite nominative)
nord (indefinite)
nordului (definite)
nordule (vocative)

Borrowed from French nord or German Nord, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą (“north”), the French via Old English.


nord

Borrowed from French nord, from Old French norht, north, nort (“north”), from Old English norþ (“north”), from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą (“north”), from Proto-Indo-European *ner- (“lower, bottom; to sink, shrivel”).


sinister

la-adj

sinister (feminine sinistra, neuter sinistrum, comparative sinistrior, superlative sinistimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

sinistra (feminine)
sinistrum (neuter)
sinistrior (comparative)
sinistimus (superlative)
in -er (masculine nominative singular)
sinister (masculine nominative singular)
sinistra (feminine nominative singular)
sinistrum (neuter nominative singular)
sinistrī (masculine nominative plural)
sinistrae (feminine nominative plural)
sinistra (neuter nominative plural)
sinistrī (genitive masculine singular)
sinistrae (feminine genitive singular)
sinistrī (genitive neuter singular)
sinistrōrum (genitive masculine plural)
sinistrārum (feminine genitive plural)
sinistrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
sinistrō (dative masculine singular)
sinistrae (dative feminine singular)
sinistrō (dative neuter singular)
sinistrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sinistrum (accusative masculine singular)
sinistram (accusative feminine singular)
sinistrum (accusative neuter singular)
sinistrōs (accusative masculine plural)
sinistrās (accusative feminine plural)
sinistra (accusative neuter plural)
sinistrō (ablative masculine singular)
sinistrā (ablative feminine singular)
sinistrō (ablative neuter singular)
sinistrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
sinister (masculine singular vocative)
sinistra (feminine singular vocative)
sinistrum (neuter singular vocative)
sinistrī (masculine plural vocative)
sinistrae (feminine plural vocative)
sinistra (neuter plural vocative)

>? Italian: sinistro

desctree

Late Latin: sinexter
Italo-Romance:
Italian: sinèstro (archaic), >? sinistro
North Italian:
Friulian: signestri
Romansch: sanester, seniester (Sursilvan), saniester (Sutsilvan), schnester (Puter, Vallader)
Venetan: senestro
Gallo-Romance:
Old Catalan: senestre
Old French: senestre
Middle French: senestre
French: senestre, sénestre, senêtre
Norman: s'nêtre
Occitan: senèstre
Ibero-Romance:
Asturian: siniestru
Old Galician-Portuguese: sẽestro, seestro
Portuguese: sestro
Old Spanish: siniestro
Ladino: siniestro, סינייסטרו
Spanish: siniestro

→ Catalan: sinistre

→ Dutch: sinister

→ English: sinister

→ French: sinistre

→ Galician: sinistro

→ Portuguese: sinistro

→ Romanian: sinistru

[s̠ɪˈnɪs̠t̪ɛr]

From Proto-Italic *senisteros, of unclear origin. Possibly a euphemism from Proto-Indo-European *senh₂-is- (“more obtaining”), from *senh₂- (“to seek, gain”) (thus the direction of "left" as "the more favorable (side)"), and cognate with Sanskrit सनोति (sanoti, “to gain, procure”), सनीयान् (sanīyān, “more useful, more advantageous”).

cog

1st BC, Virgilius
sinistra cornix

2nd century, Apuleius
sinistro pede profectus

(religion) auspicious (for Romans) or inauspicious (for Greeks)


mezzogiorno

From mezzo- + giorno. Compare Catalan migjorn, Romanian miazăzi.


top

English: top

→ French: top

→ German: Top

→ Vietnamese: tốp

Scots: tap

From Old English topp, toppa, from Proto-West Germanic *topp.

The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:

The peak of a mountain or other landform.

The roof or ceil of a house; the top of a fence.

A lid or cap; a removable top or topping.

The head, especially its top or the hair on its top.

A small deck at the dop of a ship's sails.

(rare) The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in.


barat

From Proto-Malayic *barat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat (“southwest monsoon”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat (“south wind”).


barat

Inherited from Malay barat, from Proto-Malayic *barat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat (“southwest monsoon”), from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat (“south wind”).


barat

ms-noun

barat (Jawi spelling بارت, informal 1st possessive baratku, 2nd possessive baratmu, 3rd possessive baratnya)

بارت (Jawi)
baratku (first-person informal possessive)
baratmu (possessive second-person)
baratnya (possessive third-person)

Indonesian: barat

→ Central Melanau: barat

→ West Coast Bajau: barat

From Proto-Malayic *barat, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *habaʀat, from Proto-Austronesian *Sabaʀat.

The western world (usually written capitalized):

(politics) Western Europe and the United States.


up

down

antonym(s) of “away from the centre of the Earth”

down

antonym(s) of “towards the principal terminus”

From Middle English up, from Old English upp, from Proto-Germanic *upp, see more there.

(Cartesian graph) In a positive vertical direction.


up

en-noun

up (countable and uncountable, plural ups)

down

antonym(s) of “direction opposed to the pull of gravity”

Up is a good way to go.

(uncountable) The direction opposed to the pull of gravity.


australis

la-noun

austrālis m (genitive austrālis); third declension

austrālis (canonical masculine)
austrālis (genitive)
austrālis (nominative singular)
austrālēs (nominative plural)
austrālis (genitive singular)
austrālium (genitive plural)
austrālī (dative singular)
austrālibus (dative plural)
austrālem (accusative singular)
austrālēs (accusative plural)
austrālīs (accusative plural)
austrāle (ablative singular)
austrālibus (ablative plural)
austrālis (singular vocative)
austrālēs (plural vocative)

[äu̯s̠ˈt̪räːlʲɪs̠]


aus

From Middle High German ūʒ, from Old High German ūʒ, from Proto-Germanic *ūt. Cognate with German aus, English out. The sense “west” may be reinforced by or a semantic loan from Venetan: vago fora a Verona (“I go west to Verona”, literally “I go out to Verona”).

Ich ghéa aus kan Bèarn.


sever

cs-noun

sever m inan (related adjective severní)

severní (adjective)
sever (nominative singular)
severy (nominative plural)
severu (genitive singular)
severů (genitive plural)
severu (dative singular)
severům (dative plural)
sever (accusative singular)
severy (accusative plural)
severe (singular vocative)
severy (plural vocative)
severu (locative singular)
severech (locative plural)
severem (instrumental singular)
severy (instrumental plural)

Inherited from Old Czech sěver (“spring”), from Proto-Slavic *sěverъ (“north”). See also German Schauer, English shower (originally, "cold rain").


sever

sȅver (canonical masculine)
се̏вер (Cyrillic)
sever (nominative singular)
severa (genitive singular)
severu (dative singular)
sever (accusative singular)
severe (singular vocative)
severu (locative singular)
severom (instrumental singular)


sever

sk-noun

sever m inan (genitive singular severu, nominative plural severy, declension pattern of dub)

severu (genitive singular)
severy (nominative plural)
dub (declension-pattern-of)
nominative
sever (singular)
genitive
severu (singular)
dative
accusative
locative
severe (singular)
instrumental
severom (singular)

na sever

na severe

na sever od Ontaria


sever

sẹ́ver (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
séver (nominative singular)
sévera (dual nominative)
séveri (nominative plural)
sévera (genitive singular)
séverov (dual genitive)
séverov (genitive plural)
séveru (dative singular)
séveroma (dative dual)
séverom (dative plural)
sévera (accusative singular)
sévera (accusative dual)
sévere (accusative plural)
séveru (locative singular)
séverih (dual locative)
séverih (locative plural)
séverom (instrumental singular)
séveroma (dual instrumental)
séveri (instrumental plural)


east by northeast

East northeast, the compass point between northeast and east.


north by northeast

Next go north by northeast to the nose of a beast.

1997, Susan Julio, Great Map Mysteries, →ISBN, page 21:

Ruling out any areas that have been bombed, we have decided to head north by northeast.

2010, J. L. Bourne, Beyond Exile: Day by Day Armageddon, →ISBN:

And a plane from Wotje saw a submarine 500 miles north by northeast of that island.

2014, Gordon W. Prange, Donald M. Goldstein, Katherine V. Dillon, Miracle at Midway, →ISBN:

North-northeast, the compass point between north and northeast.


inn

From Middle High German in, from Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in. Cognate with German in, English in.
The sense “east” may be reinforced by or a semantic loan from Venetan: vago dentro a Axiago (“I go east to Asiago”, literally “I go inward to Asiago”).

Ich ghéa inn ka Sléeghe.


βορράς

vorrás (romanization)
βορράς (nominative singular)
βορρά (genitive singular)
βορρά (accusative singular)
βορρά (singular vocative)

Ladino: bora


phải

LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-phải.wav

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 被 (“to suffer; passive marker”, SV: bị) (Old Chinese: /*m-pʰ(r)ajʔ, m-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s, mə-pʰ(r)aj, pʰ(r)aj-s/ in Baxter and Sagart (2014), along the semantic evolution of “to have to endure; to suffer” > “have to; must” > “correct” > “right (in direction)”. It may reflect an Old Chinese pronunciation /*N-pʰ(r)ajʔ-s/ with the loss of a nasal prefix as is also seen in other early loans (Sagart, per. comm.).
The common Vietic word for “right” is Proto-Vietic *dam ~ *tam, whence the now-archaic đăm.

der

SV: <i class="Latn mention" lang="vi">bị</i>

vi-etym-sino

Đi bên phải đường.

Rẽ (tay) phải. Quẹo (tay) phải.

(often with bên) right (side, direction) (in bên phải)


ים

he-noun

יָם • (yam) m (plural indefinite יַמִּים, singular construct יַם־, plural construct יַמֵּי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

יָם (canonical)
yam (romanization)
יַמִּים (indefinite plural)
יַם־ (construct singular)
יַמֵּי־ (construct plural)

Root
 י־מ־ם (y-m-m)
A Northwest Semitic innovation. Compare earlier Eblaite 𒉿𒈬 (wamû, “sea”) which preserves the prototypical /w/ of this root, and distantly related Somali webi (“river”). Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎊𐎎 (ym), Classical Syriac ܝܡܐ (yammāʾ). From Proto-Semitic *wamm- (“sea, river”).

וַיַּעְתֵּק מִשָּׁם הָהָרָה מִקֶּדֶם לְבֵית־אֵל וַיֵּט אָהֳלֹה בֵּית־אֵל מִיָּם וְהָעַי מִקֶּדֶם וַיִּבֶן־שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ לַיהוָה וַיִּקְרָא בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה׃

Tanach, [[s:he:T0112#יב_ח|12:8]], with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

And he removed from thence unto the mountain on the east of Beth-el, and pitched his tent, having Beth-el on the west, and Ai on the east; and he builded there an altar unto the LORD, and called upon the name of the LORD.

vaya'ték mishám hahára mikédem l'vet-'él vayét oholó bet-él miyám v'ha'áy mikédem vayivén-shám mizbéakh laYHVH vayikrá b'shém YHVH.
wayyaʿtēq miššām hāhā́rā miqqéḏem ləḇēṯ-ʾēl wayyēṭ ʾohŏlō bēṯ-ʾēl miyyām wəhāʿay miqqéḏem wayyiḇen-šām mizbḗaḥ laYHWH wayyiqrā bəšēm YHWH.

(Biblical Hebrew) west (the direction opposite to that of the earth's rotation, specifically 270°)


itä

itä (nominative singular)
idät (nominative plural)
itä (accusative nominative singular)
idät (accusative nominative plural)
idän (accusative genitive singular)
idät (accusative genitive plural)
idän (genitive singular)
itien (genitive plural)
itäin (genitive plural rare)
itää (partitive singular)
itiä (partitive plural)
idässä (inessive singular)
idissä (inessive plural)
idästä (elative singular)
idistä (elative plural)
itään (illative singular)
itiin (illative plural)
idällä (adessive singular)
idillä (adessive plural)
idältä (ablative singular)
idiltä (ablative plural)
idälle (allative singular)
idille (allative plural)
itänä (essive singular)
itinä (essive plural)
idäksi (singular translative)
idiksi (plural translative)
idättä (abessive singular)
idittä (abessive plural)
idin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
itäni (nominative singular)
itäni (nominative plural)
itäni (accusative nominative singular)
itäni (accusative nominative plural)
itäni (accusative genitive singular)
itäni (accusative genitive plural)
itäni (genitive singular)
itieni (genitive plural)
itäini (genitive plural rare)
itääni (partitive singular)
itiäni (partitive plural)
idässäni (inessive singular)
idissäni (inessive plural)
idästäni (elative singular)
idistäni (elative plural)
itääni (illative singular)
itiini (illative plural)
idälläni (adessive singular)
idilläni (adessive plural)
idältäni (ablative singular)
idiltäni (ablative plural)
idälleni (allative singular)
idilleni (allative plural)
itänäni (essive singular)
itinäni (essive plural)
idäkseni (singular translative)
idikseni (plural translative)
idättäni (abessive singular)
idittäni (abessive plural)
itineni (comitative plural)
itäsi (nominative singular)
itäsi (nominative plural)
itäsi (accusative nominative singular)
itäsi (accusative nominative plural)
itäsi (accusative genitive singular)
itäsi (accusative genitive plural)
itäsi (genitive singular)
itiesi (genitive plural)
itäisi (genitive plural rare)
itääsi (partitive singular)
itiäsi (partitive plural)
idässäsi (inessive singular)
idissäsi (inessive plural)
idästäsi (elative singular)
idistäsi (elative plural)
itääsi (illative singular)
itiisi (illative plural)
idälläsi (adessive singular)
idilläsi (adessive plural)
idältäsi (ablative singular)
idiltäsi (ablative plural)
idällesi (allative singular)
idillesi (allative plural)
itänäsi (essive singular)
itinäsi (essive plural)
idäksesi (singular translative)
idiksesi (plural translative)
idättäsi (abessive singular)
idittäsi (abessive plural)
itinesi (comitative plural)
itämme (nominative singular)
itämme (nominative plural)
itämme (accusative nominative singular)
itämme (accusative nominative plural)
itämme (accusative genitive singular)
itämme (accusative genitive plural)
itämme (genitive singular)
itiemme (genitive plural)
itäimme (genitive plural rare)
itäämme (partitive singular)
itiämme (partitive plural)
idässämme (inessive singular)
idissämme (inessive plural)
idästämme (elative singular)
idistämme (elative plural)
itäämme (illative singular)
itiimme (illative plural)
idällämme (adessive singular)
idillämme (adessive plural)
idältämme (ablative singular)
idiltämme (ablative plural)
idällemme (allative singular)
idillemme (allative plural)
itänämme (essive singular)
itinämme (essive plural)
idäksemme (singular translative)
idiksemme (plural translative)
idättämme (abessive singular)
idittämme (abessive plural)
itinemme (comitative plural)
itänne (nominative singular)
itänne (nominative plural)
itänne (accusative nominative singular)
itänne (accusative nominative plural)
itänne (accusative genitive singular)
itänne (accusative genitive plural)
itänne (genitive singular)
itienne (genitive plural)
itäinne (genitive plural rare)
itäänne (partitive singular)
itiänne (partitive plural)
idässänne (inessive singular)
idissänne (inessive plural)
idästänne (elative singular)
idistänne (elative plural)
itäänne (illative singular)
itiinne (illative plural)
idällänne (adessive singular)
idillänne (adessive plural)
idältänne (ablative singular)
idiltänne (ablative plural)
idällenne (allative singular)
idillenne (allative plural)
itänänne (essive singular)
itinänne (essive plural)
idäksenne (singular translative)
idiksenne (plural translative)
idättänne (abessive singular)
idittänne (abessive plural)
itinenne (comitative plural)
itänsä (nominative singular)
itänsä (nominative plural)
itänsä (accusative nominative singular)
itänsä (accusative nominative plural)
itänsä (accusative genitive singular)
itänsä (accusative genitive plural)
itänsä (genitive singular)
itiensä (genitive plural)
itäinsä (genitive plural rare)
itäänsä (partitive singular)
itiään (partitive plural)
itiänsä (partitive plural)
idässään (inessive singular)
idässänsä (inessive singular)
idissään (inessive plural)
idissänsä (inessive plural)
idästään (elative singular)
idästänsä (elative singular)
idistään (elative plural)
idistänsä (elative plural)
itäänsä (illative singular)
itiinsä (illative plural)
idällään (adessive singular)
idällänsä (adessive singular)
idillään (adessive plural)
idillänsä (adessive plural)
idältään (ablative singular)
idältänsä (ablative singular)
idiltään (ablative plural)
idiltänsä (ablative plural)
idälleen (allative singular)
idällensä (allative singular)
idilleen (allative plural)
idillensä (allative plural)
itänään (essive singular)
itänänsä (essive singular)
itinään (essive plural)
itinänsä (essive plural)
idäkseen (singular translative)
idäksensä (singular translative)
idikseen (plural translative)
idiksensä (plural translative)
idättään (abessive singular)
idättänsä (abessive singular)
idittään (abessive plural)
idittänsä (abessive plural)
itineen (comitative plural)
itinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *itä, from Proto-Uralic *itä- (“to appear”) (whence also itää); the sun rises (appears) in the east.


itä

itä (nominative singular)
iät (nominative plural)
iän (genitive singular)
ittiin (genitive plural)
ittää (partitive singular)
ittiä (partitive plural)
ittää (illative singular)
ittii (illative plural)
iäs (inessive singular)
iis (inessive plural)
iäst (elative singular)
iist (elative plural)
iälle (allative singular)
iille (allative plural)
iäl (adessive singular)
iil (adessive plural)
iält (ablative singular)
iilt (ablative plural)
iäks (singular translative)
iiks (plural translative)
itännä (essive singular)
ittään (essive singular)
itinnä (essive plural)
ittiin (essive plural)
itänt (exessive singular)
itint (exessive plural)

From Proto-Finnic *itä. Cognates include Finnish itä and Estonian ida.


itä

itä (nominative singular)
iäd (nominative plural)
iä (genitive singular)
itije (genitive plural)
itii (genitive plural)
ittä (partitive singular)
itiite (partitive plural)
itii (partitive plural)
ittäse (illative singular)
ittä (illative singular)
itiise (illative plural)
iäz (inessive singular)
itiiz (inessive plural)
iässe (elative singular)
itiisse (elative plural)
iäle (allative singular)
itiile (allative plural)
iälle (adessive singular)
itiille (adessive plural)
iälte (ablative singular)
itiilte (ablative plural)
iässi (singular translative)
itiissi (plural translative)


forward

restrained

antonym(s) of “without customary restraint”

From Middle English foreward, from Old English foreweard (“forward, inclined to the front, fore, early, former”), from Proto-Germanic *fura- (“fore-”), *warþaz (“turned”), equivalent to fore + -ward. Cognate with Dutch voorwaarts (“forward”), German vorwärts (“forward”).

der

My forward vision is fine, but my peripheral vision is poor.

Acting in or pertaining to the direction in which someone or something is facing.

forward motion, forward thrust, forward momentum

Acting in or pertaining to the direction of travel or movement.

This is an important forward step for the country.

The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. Let us move forward with strong and active faith.

1945 April 12, Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Franklin D. Roosevelt's Last Message to the American People”, in Library of Congress:

(figuratively) Moving in the desired direction of progress.


forward

back

antonym(s) of “in the usual direction of progress”

vorentoe

at, near or towards the front of something

(with a possessive pronoun agreeing with the subject) ar aghaidh

I leant forward to get a better look.

The grandfather clock toppled forward and crashed to the ground.

In the direction in which someone or something is facing.

előre

in the direction in which someone or something is facing

After spending an hour stuck in the mud, we could once again move forward.

Wind the film forward a few frames.

Don't forget to put the clocks forward by one hour tonight!

We need to move this project forward.

In the desired or usual direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively; onwards.

verder

in the desired or usual direction of movement or progress, physically or figuratively; onwards


wast

head

wast (comparative mair wast, superlative maist wast)

mair wast (comparative)
maist wast (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English west, from Old English west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr, from Proto-Germanic *westraz, from Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros. Cognate to English west.


söder

Inherited from Late Old Swedish sø̄dher, sø̄der, from Old Norse syðri (comparative).

south; one of the four major compass points


vest

From Old Norse vestr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.


vest

From Danish vest, from Old Norse vestr, from Proto-Germanic *westrą.


vest

vest (accusative indefinite nominative)
vestul (accusative definite nominative)
vest (indefinite)
vestului (definite)
vestule (vocative)


backward

en-adj

backward (comparative more backward, superlative most backward)

more backward (comparative)
most backward (superlative)

From Middle English bakwarde, abakward, equivalent to back (adverb) + -ward. Cognate with Old Frisian bekward (“backward”).

geri

often reduplicated - mainly for the senses implying "retreat"

a backward tilt of the head

Acting or moving in the direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing.

The occasional apparent backward movement of planets is evidence that they revolve around the sun.

Engage the lock to prevent backward rotation of the wheel.

Acting or moving in the direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.

This is a backward step for the country.

(figuratively) Acting or moving oppositely to the desired direction of progress.


backward

He tilted his head backward.

The grandfather clock toppled backward and crashed to the ground.

Her arm was bent backward at an odd angle.

In a direction opposite to that in which someone or something is facing or normally pointing.

In reverse gear the wheel turns backward.

In a direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.

This project seems to be going backward.

The work went backward.

1700, John Dryden, Theodore and Honoria:

(figuratively) Oppositely to the desired direction of progress, or from a better to a worse state.


dexter

la-adj

dexter (feminine dextra or dextera, neuter dextrum or dexterum, comparative dexterior, superlative dextimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er; two different stems)

dextra (feminine)
dextera (feminine)
dextrum (neuter)
dexterum (neuter)
dexterior (comparative)
dextimus (superlative)
dexter (masculine nominative singular)
dextra (feminine nominative singular)
dextera (feminine nominative singular)
dextrum (neuter nominative singular)
dexterum (neuter nominative singular)
dextrī (masculine nominative plural)
dexterī (masculine nominative plural)
dextrae (feminine nominative plural)
dexterae (feminine nominative plural)
dextra (neuter nominative plural)
dextera (neuter nominative plural)
dextrī (genitive masculine singular)
dexterī (genitive masculine singular)
dextrae (feminine genitive singular)
dexterae (feminine genitive singular)
dextrī (genitive neuter singular)
dexterī (genitive neuter singular)
dextrōrum (genitive masculine plural)
dexterōrum (genitive masculine plural)
dextrārum (feminine genitive plural)
dexterārum (feminine genitive plural)
dextrōrum (genitive neuter plural)
dexterōrum (genitive neuter plural)
dextrō (dative masculine singular)
dexterō (dative masculine singular)
dextrae (dative feminine singular)
dexterae (dative feminine singular)
dextrō (dative neuter singular)
dexterō (dative neuter singular)
dextrīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dexterīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dextrum (accusative masculine singular)
dexterum (accusative masculine singular)
dextram (accusative feminine singular)
dexteram (accusative feminine singular)
dextrum (accusative neuter singular)
dexterum (accusative neuter singular)
dextrōs (accusative masculine plural)
dexterōs (accusative masculine plural)
dextrās (accusative feminine plural)
dexterās (accusative feminine plural)
dextra (accusative neuter plural)
dextera (accusative neuter plural)
dextrō (ablative masculine singular)
dexterō (ablative masculine singular)
dextrā (ablative feminine singular)
dexterā (ablative feminine singular)
dextrō (ablative neuter singular)
dexterō (ablative neuter singular)
dextrīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dexterīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
dexter (masculine singular vocative)
dextra (feminine singular vocative)
dextera (feminine singular vocative)
dextrum (neuter singular vocative)
dexterum (neuter singular vocative)
dextrī (masculine plural vocative)
dexterī (masculine plural vocative)
dextrae (feminine plural vocative)
dexterae (feminine plural vocative)
dextra (neuter plural vocative)
dextera (neuter plural vocative)

Asturian: diestru

Catalan: destre

Dalmatian: diastro

English: dexter (borrowing)

Esperanto: dekstra

q

French: dêtre (dialectal, archaïc), destre (language of heraldry), dextre (borrowing or revival of the Middle French word)

Friulian: diestri

German: Dextrose

Ido: dextra

Interlingua: dextre

Italian: destro

Norman: dêtre, dêt'e

Occitan: dèstre

Old French: destre

desctree

Old Galician-Portuguese: destro
Galician: destro
Portuguese: destro

Old Spanish: diestro
Spanish: diestro, diestra

Romanian: dextru (borrowing), zestre

Sicilian: destru

From Proto-Italic *deksteros, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱs-tero-s, from *deḱs- (“right”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δεξιτερός (dexiterós), and compare δεξιός (dexiós), Old High German zesawa (“right hand, right hand side”), Sanskrit दक्षिण (dákṣiṇa), Old Church Slavonic деснъ (desnŭ, “right”).


sul

From Old Galician-Portuguese sur, from French sud, from Old English sūþ, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.

south (region or regions that lie in the south)


kelet

head

kelet (usually uncountable, plural keletek)

keletek (plural)
kelet (nominative singular)
keletek (nominative plural)
keletet (accusative singular)
keleteket (accusative plural)
keletnek (dative singular)
keleteknek (dative plural)
kelettel (instrumental singular)
keletekkel (instrumental plural)
keletért (causal-final singular)
keletekért (causal-final plural)
keletté (singular translative)
keletekké (plural translative)
keletig (singular terminative)
keletekig (plural terminative)
keletként (essive-formal singular)
keletekként (essive-formal plural)
keletben (inessive singular)
keletekben (inessive plural)
keleten (singular superessive)
keleteken (plural superessive)
keletnél (adessive singular)
keleteknél (adessive plural)
keletbe (illative singular)
keletekbe (illative plural)
keletre (singular sublative)
keletekre (plural sublative)
kelethez (allative singular)
keletekhez (allative plural)
keletből (elative singular)
keletekből (elative plural)
keletről (delative singular)
keletekről (delative plural)
kelettől (ablative singular)
keletektől (ablative plural)
keleté (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
keleteké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
keletéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
keletekéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
keletem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
keleteim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
keletjeim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
keleted (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
keleteid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
keletjeid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
kelete (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
keletje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
keletei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
keletjei (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
keletünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
keleteink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
keletjeink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
keletetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
keleteitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
keletjeitek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
keletük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
keletjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
keleteik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)
keletjeik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

Ellipsis of napkelet (“sunrise, east; orient”, compound word).


kelet

kelet (nominative singular)
keletet (accusative singular)
keletnek (dative singular)
kelettel (instrumental singular)
keletért (causal-final singular)
keletté (singular translative)
keletig (singular terminative)
keletként (essive-formal singular)
keletben (inessive singular)
keleten (singular superessive)
keletnél (adessive singular)
keletbe (illative singular)
keletre (singular sublative)
kelethez (allative singular)
keletből (elative singular)
keletről (delative singular)
kelettől (ablative singular)
keleté (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
keletéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
keletem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
keleted (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
kelete (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
keletje (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
keletünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
keletetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
keletük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
keletjük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)

From the verb kel (“to rise”) + -et (noun-forming suffix).

af

nagy keletje van

nincs keletje

(with a possessive suffix) marketability, demand (chiefly with the verbs van and nincs)


kelet

kelet (nominative singular)
keletet (accusative singular)
keletnek (dative singular)
kelettel (instrumental singular)
keletért (causal-final singular)
keletté (singular translative)
keletig (singular terminative)
keletként (essive-formal singular)
keletben (inessive singular)
keleten (singular superessive)
keletnél (adessive singular)
keletbe (illative singular)
keletre (singular sublative)
kelethez (allative singular)
keletből (elative singular)
keletről (delative singular)
kelettől (ablative singular)
keleté (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
keletéi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
keltem (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
kelted (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
kelte (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
kelete (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
keltünk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
keltetek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
keltük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
keletük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)

A levélen nem volt sem kelet, sem aláírás.

There was neither date, nor signature on the letter.

(rare, singular only) date of dispatch (the date indicated in written documents: whether the date of writing, or that of mailing; possibly including the place of dispatch as well)


este

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”).


este

Borrowed from French est. Cognates include Italian est and Spanish este.


este

head

este m sg (demonstrative, feminine esta, neuter esto, feminine plural estas, masculine plural estos, neuter plural estos)

esta (feminine)
esto (neuter)
estas (feminine plural)
estos (masculine plural)
estos (neuter plural)

masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown

when the subject is plural and of mixed gender

Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity

Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to


este

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast, from Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), from Proto-Indo-European *aus- (“eastern”), therefore related to English east and Spanish Austria.


este

At, sa angkan naman ng ating First Lady, si Kokoy, na siyang governor ng Leyte, Ay embahador pa sa lahat ng parte - Sa este't oeste, sa sur at sa norte!

1985, Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Mga tula at tilamsik ng diwa:


jug

jȕg (canonical masculine)
ју̏г (Cyrillic)
jug (nominative singular)
juga (genitive singular)
jugu (dative singular)
jug (accusative singular)
juže (singular vocative)
jugu (locative singular)
jugom (instrumental singular)

→ Albanian: jug


jug

jȗg (canonical)
jȕg (canonical inanimate masculine)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
júg (nominative singular)
júga (genitive singular)
júgu (dative singular)
júg (accusative singular)
júgu (locative singular)
júgom (instrumental singular)
please help by adding the tonal marks.
jùg (nominative singular)
júga (genitive singular)
júgu (dative singular)
jùg (accusative singular)
júgu (locative singular)
júgom (instrumental singular)


sinistra

Borrowed from Italian sinistro, Latin sinister.


sur

Borrowed from French sud, from Old English suþ, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą.

(uncountable) south (cardinal direction)


sur

Borrowed from Spanish sur, from French sud, from Middle French sud, from Old French su, sud (“south”), a Germanic borrowing, from Old English sūþ (“south”).


soir

From Middle Irish sair. Variant of the synonym an ear, from Old Irish an air (“from before”).


דרום

he-noun

דָּרוֹם • (daróm) m (singular construct דְּרוֹם־)

דָּרוֹם (canonical)
daróm (romanization)
דְּרוֹם־ (construct singular)


מערב

המערב (canonical)
hama'aráv (romanization)

Root
 ע־ר־ב (ʿ-r-b)
From ערב (ʿérev, “evening”) (because the sun sets in the west), from the root ע־ר־ב (ʿ-r-b). Compare Arabic مَغْرِب (maḡrib), غَرْب (ḡarb).


מערב

lad-noun

מערב m (Hebrew spelling, Latin spelling maaráv)


gauche

From gauchir (“bend, dodge, warp”), a conflation of Old French gauchier (“tread”) (from Frankish *walkijan, *walkan, cognate with English walk) + Old French guenchir (“deviate”) (from Frankish *wenkijan (“to sway, falter”)). Gauche replaced the original word for "left", senestre, in the sixteenth century. Compare Walloon gåtche.


gauche

→ Franco-Provençal: gôcho


mezzanotte

From mezza + notte or from Latin mediam noctem.


infre

(neologism, rare, nonstandard) below, underneath, downstairs


infre

Infre di la pagino.


dextra

From Esperanto dekstra, from Italian destro, Latin dexter.


esto

Borrowed from English east, French est, German Osten, Italian est, Spanish este, all ultimately from Proto-Germanic *austrą.


deas

From Old Irish dess (“right-hand; south; right, just; convenient, agreeable”), from Proto-Celtic *dexswos, from Proto-Indo-European *deḱswo-, from *deḱs- (“right-hand side”).

inh

(destination) south, southerly, to the south


deas

(used predicatively) near, close; convenient (~ do (“to”))


deas

head

deas (genitive singular masculine deas, genitive singular feminine deise, plural deasa, comparative deise)

deas (genitive masculine singular)
deise (feminine genitive singular)
deasa (plural)
deise (comparative)
nominative (positive)
deas (masculine singular)
deas
dheas
ndeas


ard

ard m (genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)

From Old Irish ard, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).


alio

in another direction, to elsewhere, to somewhere else

† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated° Rare‡only used as a conjunction


izquierda

Borrowed from Basque ezkerra, absolutive singular form of ezker (“left”). Cognate with Catalan esquerra and Portuguese esquerda. Displaced siniestra.

Gire a la izquierda.


derecha

From the feminine of derecho, from Latin directus; compare Portuguese direita, Catalan dreta, French droite, Italian dritta, Romanian dreapta.

Tuerza a la derecha.

Está a mano derecha.


north-northeast

The compass point halfway between north and northeast; specifically at a bearing of 22.5°.


north-northeast

Of, in or pertaining to the north-northeast; north-northeastern.

A north-northeast wind.

Coming from the north-northeast; north-northeasterly.


north-northeast

We are travelling north-northeast at the moment.

Towards or in the direction of the north-northeast; north-northeastwards.


north-northwest

The compass point halfway between northwest and north; specifically at a bearing of 337.5°.


north-northwest

Of, in or pertaining to the north-northwest; north-northwestern.

A north-northwest wind.

Coming from the north-northwest; north-northwesterly.


north-northwest

We are travelling north-northwest at the moment.

Towards or in the direction of the north-northwest; north-northwestwards.


etelä

etelä (nominative singular)
etelät (nominative plural)
etelä (accusative nominative singular)
etelät (accusative nominative plural)
etelän (accusative genitive singular)
etelät (accusative genitive plural)
etelän (genitive singular)
etelien (genitive plural)
eteläin (genitive plural rare)
etelää (partitive singular)
eteliä (partitive plural)
etelässä (inessive singular)
etelissä (inessive plural)
etelästä (elative singular)
etelistä (elative plural)
etelään (illative singular)
eteliin (illative plural)
etelällä (adessive singular)
etelillä (adessive plural)
etelältä (ablative singular)
eteliltä (ablative plural)
etelälle (allative singular)
etelille (allative plural)
etelänä (essive singular)
etelinä (essive plural)
eteläksi (singular translative)
eteliksi (plural translative)
etelättä (abessive singular)
etelittä (abessive plural)
etelin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
eteläni (nominative singular)
eteläni (nominative plural)
eteläni (accusative nominative singular)
eteläni (accusative nominative plural)
eteläni (accusative genitive singular)
eteläni (accusative genitive plural)
eteläni (genitive singular)
etelieni (genitive plural)
eteläini (genitive plural rare)
etelääni (partitive singular)
eteliäni (partitive plural)
etelässäni (inessive singular)
etelissäni (inessive plural)
etelästäni (elative singular)
etelistäni (elative plural)
etelääni (illative singular)
eteliini (illative plural)
etelälläni (adessive singular)
etelilläni (adessive plural)
etelältäni (ablative singular)
eteliltäni (ablative plural)
etelälleni (allative singular)
etelilleni (allative plural)
etelänäni (essive singular)
etelinäni (essive plural)
eteläkseni (singular translative)
etelikseni (plural translative)
etelättäni (abessive singular)
etelittäni (abessive plural)
etelineni (comitative plural)
eteläsi (nominative singular)
eteläsi (nominative plural)
eteläsi (accusative nominative singular)
eteläsi (accusative nominative plural)
eteläsi (accusative genitive singular)
eteläsi (accusative genitive plural)
eteläsi (genitive singular)
eteliesi (genitive plural)
eteläisi (genitive plural rare)
etelääsi (partitive singular)
eteliäsi (partitive plural)
etelässäsi (inessive singular)
etelissäsi (inessive plural)
etelästäsi (elative singular)
etelistäsi (elative plural)
etelääsi (illative singular)
eteliisi (illative plural)
etelälläsi (adessive singular)
etelilläsi (adessive plural)
etelältäsi (ablative singular)
eteliltäsi (ablative plural)
etelällesi (allative singular)
etelillesi (allative plural)
etelänäsi (essive singular)
etelinäsi (essive plural)
eteläksesi (singular translative)
eteliksesi (plural translative)
etelättäsi (abessive singular)
etelittäsi (abessive plural)
etelinesi (comitative plural)
etelämme (nominative singular)
etelämme (nominative plural)
etelämme (accusative nominative singular)
etelämme (accusative nominative plural)
etelämme (accusative genitive singular)
etelämme (accusative genitive plural)
etelämme (genitive singular)
eteliemme (genitive plural)
eteläimme (genitive plural rare)
eteläämme (partitive singular)
eteliämme (partitive plural)
etelässämme (inessive singular)
etelissämme (inessive plural)
etelästämme (elative singular)
etelistämme (elative plural)
eteläämme (illative singular)
eteliimme (illative plural)
etelällämme (adessive singular)
etelillämme (adessive plural)
etelältämme (ablative singular)
eteliltämme (ablative plural)
etelällemme (allative singular)
etelillemme (allative plural)
etelänämme (essive singular)
etelinämme (essive plural)
eteläksemme (singular translative)
eteliksemme (plural translative)
etelättämme (abessive singular)
etelittämme (abessive plural)
etelinemme (comitative plural)
etelänne (nominative singular)
etelänne (nominative plural)
etelänne (accusative nominative singular)
etelänne (accusative nominative plural)
etelänne (accusative genitive singular)
etelänne (accusative genitive plural)
etelänne (genitive singular)
etelienne (genitive plural)
eteläinne (genitive plural rare)
eteläänne (partitive singular)
eteliänne (partitive plural)
etelässänne (inessive singular)
etelissänne (inessive plural)
etelästänne (elative singular)
etelistänne (elative plural)
eteläänne (illative singular)
eteliinne (illative plural)
etelällänne (adessive singular)
etelillänne (adessive plural)
etelältänne (ablative singular)
eteliltänne (ablative plural)
etelällenne (allative singular)
etelillenne (allative plural)
etelänänne (essive singular)
etelinänne (essive plural)
eteläksenne (singular translative)
eteliksenne (plural translative)
etelättänne (abessive singular)
etelittänne (abessive plural)
etelinenne (comitative plural)
etelänsä (nominative singular)
etelänsä (nominative plural)
etelänsä (accusative nominative singular)
etelänsä (accusative nominative plural)
etelänsä (accusative genitive singular)
etelänsä (accusative genitive plural)
etelänsä (genitive singular)
eteliensä (genitive plural)
eteläinsä (genitive plural rare)
eteläänsä (partitive singular)
eteliään (partitive plural)
eteliänsä (partitive plural)
etelässään (inessive singular)
etelässänsä (inessive singular)
etelissään (inessive plural)
etelissänsä (inessive plural)
etelästään (elative singular)
etelästänsä (elative singular)
etelistään (elative plural)
etelistänsä (elative plural)
eteläänsä (illative singular)
eteliinsä (illative plural)
etelällään (adessive singular)
etelällänsä (adessive singular)
etelillään (adessive plural)
etelillänsä (adessive plural)
etelältään (ablative singular)
etelältänsä (ablative singular)
eteliltään (ablative plural)
eteliltänsä (ablative plural)
etelälleen (allative singular)
etelällensä (allative singular)
etelilleen (allative plural)
etelillensä (allative plural)
etelänään (essive singular)
etelänänsä (essive singular)
etelinään (essive plural)
etelinänsä (essive plural)
eteläkseen (singular translative)
eteläksensä (singular translative)
etelikseen (plural translative)
eteliksensä (plural translative)
etelättään (abessive singular)
etelättänsä (abessive singular)
etelittään (abessive plural)
etelittänsä (abessive plural)
etelineen (comitative plural)
etelinensä (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *etelä (“south, southwest”) (compare Estonian edel (“southwest”)). Equivalent of esi- (“front”) + -lä, named so because dwellings tended to be built facing south (as that is where the sun shines from at noon in northern Europe).


oeste

Borrowed from French ouest, from Old English west.


oeste

Borrowed from French ouest, from Old French west, from Old English west.


oeste

Borrowed from French ouest, from Middle French ouest, from Old French ouest or west, from Old English west.


norte

Borrowed from French nord, from Old English norþ, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.


norte

Attested since the 14th century. Borrowed from Middle French nord, from Old English norþ, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.

(uncountable) north (cardinal direction)


norte

Vamos al norte.


norte

Borrowed from Spanish norte, from French nord, from Old English norþ, from Proto-Germanic *nurþrą.


selatan

From Proto-Malayic *sAlatan, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan


selatan

id-noun

sêlatan (first-person possessive selatanku, second-person possessive selatanmu, third-person possessive selatannya)

sêlatan (canonical)
selatanku (first-person possessive)
selatanmu (possessive second-person)
selatannya (possessive third-person)

From Malay selatan, from Proto-Malayic *sAlatan, *silatan, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan, *silatan.


selatan

ms-noun

selatan (Jawi spelling سلاتن, informal 1st possessive selatanku, 2nd possessive selatanmu, 3rd possessive selatannya)

سلاتن (Jawi)
selatanku (first-person informal possessive)
selatanmu (possessive second-person)
selatannya (possessive third-person)

From Proto-Malayic *sAlatan, *silatan, from (Western) Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salatan, *silatan.


dekstra

eo-head

dekstra (accusative singular dekstran, plural dekstraj, accusative plural dekstrajn)

dekstran (accusative singular)
dekstraj (plural)
dekstrajn (accusative plural)

1915, L. L. Zamenhof (translator), Malnova Testamento, Eliro 15:12.
Vi etendis Vian dekstran manon,
Kaj ilin englutis la tero.
You stretched out Your right hand,


Nord

de-noun

Nord m (strong, genitive Nords or Nord, no plural)

Nords (genitive)
Nord (genitive)
Nord (nominative singular)
Nords (genitive singular)
Nord (genitive singular)
Nord (dative singular)
Nord (accusative singular)

From Middle High German nort, from Old High German nord, from Proto-West Germanic *norþr.

a wind coming from the north (used with article)


Ny

Ny (nominative singular)
Ny-ok (nominative plural)
Ny-ot (accusative singular)
Ny-okat (accusative plural)
Ny-nak (dative singular)
Ny-oknak (dative plural)
Ny-tal (instrumental singular)
Ny-okkal (instrumental plural)
Ny-ért (causal-final singular)
Ny-okért (causal-final plural)
Ny-tá (singular translative)
Ny-okká (plural translative)
Ny-ig (singular terminative)
Ny-okig (plural terminative)
Ny-ként (essive-formal singular)
Ny-okként (essive-formal plural)
Ny-ban (inessive singular)
Ny-okban (inessive plural)
Ny-on (singular superessive)
Ny-okon (plural superessive)
Ny-nál (adessive singular)
Ny-oknál (adessive plural)
Ny-ba (illative singular)
Ny-okba (illative plural)
Ny-ra (singular sublative)
Ny-okra (plural sublative)
Ny-hoz (allative singular)
Ny-okhoz (allative plural)
Ny-ból (elative singular)
Ny-okból (elative plural)
Ny-ról (delative singular)
Ny-okról (delative plural)
Ny-tól (ablative singular)
Ny-októl (ablative plural)
Ny-é (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Ny-oké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
Ny-éi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
Ny-okéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
Ny-om (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
Ny-aim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
Ny-od (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
Ny-aid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
Ny-a (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
Ny-ai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
Ny-unk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
Ny-aink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
Ny-otok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
Ny-aitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
Ny-uk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
Ny-aik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)


Α

The Ancient Greek letter Α (A, “alpha”) derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤀 (ʾ /ʼ/, “aleph”) ()

άλφα άλφα#Greek

The letter άλφα (álfa, “alpha”), the first letter of the Modern Greek alphabet.


Α

ανατολή ανατολή#Greek

E, initialism of ανατολή (anatolí, “east”)


Α

ανατολικός ανατολικός#Greek

Initialism of ανατολικός (anatolikós): east, eastern


West

West m (strong, genitive Wests or West, no plural)

Wests (genitive)
West (genitive)
West (nominative singular)
Wests (genitive singular)
West (genitive singular)
West (dative singular)
West (accusative singular)

Kashubian: west

From Middle High German and Old High German west, from Proto-West Germanic *westr. Compare Dutch west, English west, West Frisian west, Danish vest.

a wind coming from the west (used with article)


tonga

Inherited from Proto-Polynesian *toŋa (“south wind”), possibly from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *təŋaq (“centre”).
No words for the cardinal directions can be unambiguously reconstructed for Proto-Polynesian, as there would be little use for them on the small Polynesian islands. However, on the much larger North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui) and South Island (Te Waipounamu) of New Zealand, the usefulness of such terminology led the Māori to adopt this word for "south".

inh+

Australian National University
Bruce Biggs
South Island


abe

The sense “south” may be reinforced by or a semantic loan from Venetan: vago zò a Roma (“I go south to Rome”, literally “I go down to Rome”).

Ich ghéa abe kan Ròome.


D

d (lowercase)
D (nominative singular)
D-k (nominative plural)
D-t (accusative singular)
D-ket (accusative plural)
D-nek (dative singular)
D-knek (dative plural)
D-vel (instrumental singular)
D-kkel (instrumental plural)
D-ért (causal-final singular)
D-kért (causal-final plural)
D-vé (singular translative)
D-kké (plural translative)
D-ig (singular terminative)
D-kig (plural terminative)
D-ként (essive-formal singular)
D-kként (essive-formal plural)
D-ben (inessive singular)
D-kben (inessive plural)
D-n (singular superessive)
D-ken (plural superessive)
D-nél (adessive singular)
D-knél (adessive plural)
D-be (illative singular)
D-kbe (illative plural)
D-re (singular sublative)
D-kre (plural sublative)
D-hez (allative singular)
D-khez (allative plural)
D-ből (elative singular)
D-kből (elative plural)
D-ről (delative singular)
D-kről (delative plural)
D-től (ablative singular)
D-ktől (ablative plural)
D-é (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
D-ké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
D-éi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
D-kéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
D-m (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
D-im (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
D-d (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
D-id (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
D-je (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
D-i (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
D-nk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
D-ink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
D-tek (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
D-itek (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
D-jük (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
D-ik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

The sixth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called dé and written in the Latin script.


E

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 誒／诶 (ê̄), from E ɛ⁵⁵.

A Tai-Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China; Kjang E.

誒話

a Tai-Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County


E

The sixth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.


E

The fifth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.


E

head

E f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case e)

The fifth letter of the Italian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.


E

The fifth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.


N

The eighteenth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called no or en and written in the Latin script.


N

the fourteenth letter of the French alphabet


N

N f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case n)

The twelfth letter of the Italian alphabet, called enne and written in the Latin script.


W

Abbreviations of various words beginning with W.

(US politics, informal) George W. Bush (born 1946), the 43rd president of the United States (2001–2009).


W

the twenty-third letter of the Dutch alphabet


K

k (lowercase)
K (nominative singular)
K-k (nominative plural)
K-t (accusative singular)
K-kat (accusative plural)
K-nak (dative singular)
K-knak (dative plural)
K-val (instrumental singular)
K-kkal (instrumental plural)
K-ért (causal-final singular)
K-kért (causal-final plural)
K-vá (singular translative)
K-kká (plural translative)
K-ig (singular terminative)
K-kig (plural terminative)
K-ként (essive-formal singular)
K-kként (essive-formal plural)
K-ban (inessive singular)
K-kban (inessive plural)
K-n (singular superessive)
K-kon (plural superessive)
K-nál (adessive singular)
K-knál (adessive plural)
K-ba (illative singular)
K-kba (illative plural)
K-ra (singular sublative)
K-kra (plural sublative)
K-hoz (allative singular)
K-khoz (allative plural)
K-ból (elative singular)
K-kból (elative plural)
K-ról (delative singular)
K-król (delative plural)
K-tól (ablative singular)
K-któl (ablative plural)
K-é (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
K-ké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
K-éi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
K-kéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
K-m (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
K-im (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
K-d (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
K-id (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
K-ja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
K-i (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
K-nk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
K-ink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
K-tok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
K-itok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
K-juk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
K-ik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

The eighteenth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called ká and written in the Latin script.


Z

the twenty-sixth and last letter of the Dutch alphabet


S

S (upper case, lower case s, plural Ss or S's)

The nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.


S

The ordinal number nineteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called ess and written in the Latin script.


S

en-noun

S (countable and uncountable, plural Ss)

Abbreviation.
S
# (stenoscript) the sound sequence /st/ in a word, e.g. it's the transcription of the suffix -ist.
# (stenoscript) the prefix sub-
#: [some manuals advise lower-case s for the prefix sub-]
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of south.
# (education) Initialism of satisfactory.


S

From the first letter of set and of stage, two fundamental concepts of the theory.

S has no axiom of extensionality and identity is absent from the other S axioms.

(set theory) An axiomatic set theory, developed by logician George Boolos, in which several of the axioms of ZF are derivable as theorems.


S

The twenty-second letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called so and written in the Latin script.


S

The nineteenth letter of the French alphabet, written in the Latin script.


S

es (last only when stressed, which is rare)

For the origin of the letter, see s.
Orthography and pronunciation
Single s in prevocalic position is pronounced /z/, except when it follows an obstruent within the word stem (e.g. Achse, bugsieren, Lotse, schubsen). /s/ is usually retained in recent borrowings from English (e.g. Sex), to a lesser degree also in recent borrowings from other languages (e.g. Salsa). Words from the classical languages and pre-1900 loanwords behave like native words.
Stem-initial st and sp are pronounced /ʃt/ and /ʃp/ in native words. The same is generally true for classical and pre-1900 loanwords, though in this case we find some exceptions which are at least optionally pronounced with /st/, /sp/ (e.g. Stil, Stola). Recent borrowings tend to retain the original sounds. Again, this tendency is stronger with English than with other source languages (cf. e.g. Spaghetti with /ʃp/).
The trigraph sch is pronounced /ʃ/, except when there is an intervening morpheme boundary, which normally happens only with the diminutive suffix -chen (cf. e.g. Häuschen).
Otherwise, pre-consonantal and word-final s is always pronounced /s/. This also includes st, sp when they are not stem-initial. The same is generally true for doubled ss. There are, however, a few words in which ss may – optionally – be pronounced /z/ (e.g. Fussel, Massel, quasseln, Schussel). For the orthographic choice between ss and ß, see the latter.

Für die zweierlei S, das scharfe ß und das weiche, tönende s, sind die Zeichen s und ſ zu empfehlen. Letzteres wird im Französischen, Englischen, Holländischen, Polnischen, Madjarischen mit z bezeichnet, das wir nicht annehmen können, weil bei uns, wie schon bemerkt, z den Laut ts bezeichnet.

1877, Dr. Schröer, “Gelegentliche Bemerkungen über erhöhte Ansprüche, die nun an die Aufzeichnung mundartlicher Sprachproben zu stellen wären”, in Die deutschen Mundarten. Zeitschrift für Dichtung, Forschung und Kritik. Herausgegeben von Dr. G. Karl Frommann. Siebenter Band (neuer Folge erster Band), page 15:

The nineteenth letter of the German alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.


S

head

S f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case s)

phonemic realization, when followed by a voiceless consonant

phonemic realization, when followed by a voiced consonant

The seventeenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called esse and written in the Latin script.


S

The twentieth letter of the Spanish alphabet, called es and written in the Latin script.


O

the fifteenth letter of the Dutch alphabet


O

Op 10/02/1904 om 11:00 uur zijn voor ons Zacharias De Ro, schepen gehuwd: Theophilius O […] enerzijds en anderzijds Maria Elisabetha Troucheau[…]

1904, certificate of marriage number 9 of 1904 of Sint-Pieters-Leeuw (reproduced in: Patrick Trio ((Can we date this quote?)) Nakomelingen van Arnoldus O)

On February 10, 1904 at 11 am in the presence of ourselves, Zacharias De Ro, alderman, did marry: Theophilius O […] on the one hand and on the other hand Maria Elisabetha Troucheau […]


O

the fifteenth letter of the French alphabet


O

O f or m (invariable, upper case, lower case o)

The thirteenth letter of the Italian alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.


retro

Catalan: rere

Galician: redor

Portuguese: redor

Spanish: redor

From Proto-Italic *wretrō, from a formation of re- (“back, reverse”) probably modeled after intrō and other similar adverbs.

Vāde retrō, Satanā!

… sistere aquam fluviīs, et vertere sīdera retrō, / nocturnōsque movet mānīs ….

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.489–490

“[The enchantress claims that she is able] to halt the water [current] in rivers, and to turn stars backwards, and evoke nocturnal souls of the dead ….”


Osten

de-noun

Osten m (strong, genitive Ostens, no plural)

Ostens (genitive)
Osten (nominative singular)
Ostens (genitive singular)
Osten (dative singular)
Osten (accusative singular)

From Ost or Old High German ostan, from Proto-Germanic *austrą, related to *ausos (“dawn”), compare Latin aurora, and Latin auster, which, probably due to a re-orientation, means "South".


suvi

suvi (nominative singular)
suved (nominative plural)
suven (accusative singular)
suved (accusative plural)
suven (genitive singular)
suviden (genitive plural)
suved (partitive singular)
suvid (partitive plural)
suven (essive-instructive singular)
suvin (essive-instructive plural)
suveks (singular translative)
suvikš (plural translative)
suves (inessive singular)
suviš (inessive plural)
suvespäi (elative singular)
suvišpäi (elative plural)
suvehe (illative singular)
suvihe (illative plural)
suvel (adessive singular)
suvil (adessive plural)
suvelpäi (ablative singular)
suvilpäi (ablative plural)
suvele (allative singular)
suvile (allative plural)
suveta (abessive singular)
suvita (abessive plural)
suvenke (comitative singular)
suvidenke (comitative plural)
suvedme (prolative singular)
suvidme (plural prolative)
suvenno (approximative approximative-i singular)
suvidenno (approximative approximative-i plural)
suvennoks (approximative approximative-ii singular)
suvidennoks (approximative approximative-ii plural)
suvennopäi (egressive singular)
suvidennopäi (egressive plural)
suvehesai (singular terminative terminative-i)
suvihesai (plural terminative terminative-i)
suvelesai (singular terminative terminative-ii)
suvilesai (plural terminative terminative-ii)
suvessai (singular terminative terminative-iii)
suvehepäi (additive additive-i singular)
suvihepäi (additive additive-i plural)
suvelepäi (additive additive-ii singular)
suvilepäi (additive additive-ii plural)

From Proto-Finnic *suvi, from Proto-Uralic *suŋe.


davvi

davvi (nominative singular)
davit (nominative plural)
davi (accusative singular)
daviid (accusative plural)
davi (genitive singular)
davẹ (genitive singular)
daviid (genitive plural)
davvái (illative singular)
daviide (illative plural)
davis (locative singular)
daviin (locative plural)
daviin (comitative singular)
daviiguin (comitative plural)
davvin (essive)
davván (first-person possessive singular)
davváme (dual first-person possessive)
davvámet (first-person plural possessive)
davvát (possessive second-person singular)
davváde (dual possessive second-person)
davvádet (plural possessive second-person)
davvis (possessive singular third-person)
davviska (dual possessive third-person)
davviset (plural possessive third-person)


máddi

máddi (nominative singular)
máttit (nominative plural)
mátti (accusative singular)
máttiid (accusative plural)
mátti (genitive singular)
máttẹ (genitive singular)
máttiid (genitive plural)
máddái (illative singular)
máttiide (illative plural)
máttis (locative singular)
máttiin (locative plural)
máttiin (comitative singular)
máttiiguin (comitative plural)
máddin (essive)
máddán (first-person possessive singular)
máddáme (dual first-person possessive)
máddámet (first-person plural possessive)
máddát (possessive second-person singular)
máddáde (dual possessive second-person)
máddádet (plural possessive second-person)
máddis (possessive singular third-person)
máddiska (dual possessive third-person)
máddiset (plural possessive third-person)


oarji

oarji (nominative singular)
oarjjit (nominative plural)
oarjji (accusative singular)
ōrjjiid (accusative plural)
oarjji (genitive singular)
oarjjẹ (genitive singular)
ōrjjiid (genitive plural)
oarjái (illative singular)
ōrjjiide (illative plural)
oarjjis (locative singular)
ōrjjiin (locative plural)
ōrjjiin (comitative singular)
ōrjjiiguin (comitative plural)
oarjin (essive)
oarján (first-person possessive singular)
oarjáme (dual first-person possessive)
oarjámet (first-person plural possessive)
oarját (possessive second-person singular)
oarjáde (dual possessive second-person)
oarjádet (plural possessive second-person)
oarjis (possessive singular third-person)
oarjiska (dual possessive third-person)
oarjiset (plural possessive third-person)