sehen

de-verb

sehen (class 5 strong, third-person singular present sieht, past tense sah, past participle gesehen, past subjunctive sähe, auxiliary haben)

sieht (present singular third-person)
sah (past)
gesehen (participle past)
sähe (past subjunctive)
haben (auxiliary)
haben (auxiliary)
sehen (infinitive)
sehend (participle present)
gesehen (participle past)
sehe (first-person indicative present singular)
sehen (first-person indicative plural present)
sehe (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
sehen (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
siehst (indicative present second-person singular)
seht (indicative plural present second-person)
sehest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
sehet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
sieht (indicative present singular third-person)
sehen (indicative plural present third-person)
sehe (singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
sehen (plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
sah (first-person indicative preterite singular)
sahen (first-person indicative plural preterite)
sähe (first-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sähen (first-person plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sahst (indicative preterite second-person singular)
saht (indicative plural preterite second-person)
sähest (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sähst (second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sähet (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
säht (plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
sah (indicative preterite singular third-person)
sahen (indicative plural preterite third-person)
sähe (singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
sähen (plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
sieh (imperative second-person singular)
siehe (imperative second-person singular)
seht (imperative plural second-person)
haben (auxiliary)
habe gesehen (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect singular)
haben gesehen (first-person indicative multiword-construction perfect plural)
habe gesehen (first-person multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive)
haben gesehen (first-person multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive)
hast gesehen (indicative multiword-construction perfect second-person singular)
habt gesehen (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
habest gesehen (multiword-construction perfect second-person singular subjunctive)
habet gesehen (multiword-construction perfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hat gesehen (indicative multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
haben gesehen (indicative multiword-construction perfect plural third-person)
habe gesehen (multiword-construction perfect singular subjunctive third-person)
haben gesehen (multiword-construction perfect plural subjunctive third-person)
hatte gesehen (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular)
hatten gesehen (first-person indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural)
hätte gesehen (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive)
hätten gesehen (first-person multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive)
hattest gesehen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular)
hattet gesehen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person)
hättest gesehen (multiword-construction pluperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
hättet gesehen (multiword-construction pluperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
hatte gesehen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect singular third-person)
hatten gesehen (indicative multiword-construction pluperfect plural third-person)
hätte gesehen (multiword-construction pluperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
hätten gesehen (multiword-construction pluperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
sehen werden (future future-i infinitive multiword-construction)
werde sehen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden sehen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest sehen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet sehen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde sehen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden sehen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde sehen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden sehen (first-person future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde sehen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden sehen (first-person future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst sehen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet sehen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest sehen (future future-i multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet sehen (future future-i multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird sehen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden sehen (future future-i indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde sehen (future future-i multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden sehen (future future-i multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
gesehen haben werden (future future-ii infinitive multiword-construction)
werde gesehen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werden gesehen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdest gesehen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werdet gesehen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-i)
werde gesehen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werden gesehen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-i third-person)
werde gesehen haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular)
werden gesehen haben (first-person future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural)
würde gesehen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würden gesehen haben (first-person future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wirst gesehen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction second-person singular)
werdet gesehen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural second-person)
würdest gesehen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction second-person singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
würdet gesehen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural second-person subjunctive subjunctive-ii)
wird gesehen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction singular third-person)
werden gesehen haben (future future-ii indicative multiword-construction plural third-person)
würde gesehen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction singular subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)
würden gesehen haben (future future-ii multiword-construction plural subjunctive subjunctive-ii third-person)

From Middle High German sehen, from Old High German sehan, from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan.
Compare Low German sehn, Hunsrik sihn, Dutch zien, English see, Danish se, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽 (saiƕan).

sehn

dated in formal prose, but still common informally or poetically

Sahest du nicht den Patriarchen der Armenier ebenso wie den der Griechen und der Assyrer ihre Throne hier errichten? Und sahest du nicht Kopten aus dem alten Ägypten und Abessinier aus dem Herzen Afrikas kommen? Du sahest Jerusalem wieder aufgebaut, eine Stadt von Kirchen und Klöstern, von Gasthäusern und frommen Stiftungen.

2016, Selma Lagerlöf, translated by Mathilde Mann, edited by Karl-Maria Guth, Jerusalem. Erster und zweiter Teil, Berlin: Sammlung Hofenberg im Verlag der Contumax GmbH, page 225:

Did you not see the patriarch of the Armenians as well as that of the Greeks and of the Assyrians erect their thrones here? Did you not see the Copts come from ancient Egypt and the Abyssinians come from the heart of Africa? You saw Jerusalem built anew, a city of churches and monasteries, of inns and religious foundations.

(transitive) to see (something); to perceive by vision


white

en-adj

white (comparative whiter or more white, superlative whitest or most white)

whiter (comparative)
more white (comparative)
whitest (superlative)
most white (superlative)

Bislama: waet

Sranan Tongo: weti

Aukan: weti

Saramaccan: wéti

Tok Pisin: wait

→ Japanese: ホワイト (howaito)

white fella

⇒ Nyunga: wadjela

white gin

⇒ Gamilaraay: waatyin

⇒ Ngiyambaa: wadjiin

⇒ Wiradjuri: waajin

Inherited from Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).
cognates
* West Frisian wyt
*Dutch wit
* German weiß
* German weiss
* Norwegian Bokmål hvit
* Norwegian Nynorsk kvit
* Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”)
* Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”)
* Persian سفید (sefid)
* Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”)
* Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

cog

(sometimes capitalized) By U.S. Census Bureau definition, of or relating to people hailing from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

(of a person or skin) Lacking coloration (tan) from ultraviolet light; not tanned.


white

en-noun

white (countable and uncountable, plural whites)

bělásek

common name for butterflies in the subfamily Pierinae

A bottle of red, a bottle of white / It all depends upon your appetite / I'll meet you any time you want / In our Italian Restaurant.

1977, “Scenes from an Italian Restaurant”, in Billy Joel (music), The Stranger:

Those were my first impressions of wine: Ladies drink chilled, soft white while they gossip in the kitchen; old men drink strong, room-temperature red to get shellacked.

2014, Maximillian Potter, Shadows in the Vineyard:

valkoinen

short form of white wine — see also white wine

(countable and uncountable) White coffee


canary

canary (countable and uncountable, plural canaries)

From French canarie, from Spanish canario, from the Latin Canariae insulae (“Canary Islands”) (Spanish Islas Canarias); from the largest island Insula Canaria (“Dog Island" or "Canine Island”), named for its dogs, from canārius (“canine”), from canis (“dog”).

der

Ile to my honeſt knight ſir Iohn Falſtaffe, / And drinke Canary with him.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, […] [T]he Merrie Wiues of Windsor. […] (First Quarto), London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for Arthur Ihonson, […], published 1602, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

And though the annals of the period do not show us that there was less ale drawn, or less canary called for; men got dry with the heat of polemical discussion, and drunk with a text, not the fag end of a ballad, in their mouths; and people made a sort of morality of straight hair, long faces, and sad-coloured garments.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 190:

Or maybe you'd accept iv a couple o' bottles of claret or canaries?

1863, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “In Which a Liberty Is Taken with Mr. Nutter’s Name, and Mr. Dangerfield Stands at the Altar”, in The House by the Church-yard. […], volume II, London: Tinsley, Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 234:

(countable, uncountable) A light, sweet, white wine from the Canary Islands.


jaune

Inherited from Middle French jaune, iaune, from Old French jaune, jalne, from Latin galbinus.


jaune

head

jaune m (feminine singular jauna, masculine plural jaunes, feminine plural jaunas)

jauna (feminine singular)
jaunes (masculine plural)
jaunas (feminine plural)


jaune

fro-noun

jaune oblique singular, m (oblique plural jaunes, nominative singular jaunes, nominative plural jaune)

jaune oblique singular or (canonical masculine)
jaunes (oblique plural)
jaunes (nominative singular)
jaune (nominative plural)

Blanches et verz, bloes et jaunes

c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:


jaune

head

jaune m (oblique and nominative feminine singular jaune)

jaune (feminine nominative oblique singular)

Middle French: jaune, iaune

French: jaune

→ Italian: giallo

→ Venetan: zalo

Fiumano: jalo

Emilian: śal

Norman: jaone (Guernsey), jâone (Cotentin), jaûne (Jersey)

Walloon: djaene

Sicilian: giarnu (from "jalne")


rose

en-noun

rose (countable and uncountable, plural roses)

→ Marshallese: rooj

→ Tokelauan: loha

From Middle English rose, roose, from Old English rōse, but with its vowel influenced by Old French rose, both from Latin rosa. The Latin is of uncertain origin, but likely via Oscan from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (Aeolic ϝρόδον (wródon)), from Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀- (var^əδa-), Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr, late Middle Persian [Term?] (gwl /gul/), Persian گل (gol, “rose, flower”), and Middle Iranian borrowings including Old Armenian վարդ (vard, “rose”), Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā) / ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (wéreḏ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”) (compare Old English word (“thornbush”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)). Possibly ultimately a derivation from a verb for "to grow" only attested in Indo-Iranian (*Hwardʰ-, compare Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati), with relatives in Avestan).

A shrub of the genus Rosa, with red, pink, white or yellow flowers.


rose

Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.


rose

Inherited from Middle French rose, from Old French rose, borrowed from Latin rosa (the expected form if it was inherited would be *reuse).


bel

sh-adj

bȇl (Cyrillic spelling бе̑л, definite bȇlī, comparative bèljī)

bȇl (canonical)
бе̑л (Cyrillic)
bȇlī (definite)
bèljī (comparative)


ver

pt-verb

ver (first-person singular present vejo, first-person singular preterite vi, past participle visto)

vejo (first-person present singular)
vi (first-person preterite singular)
visto (participle past)
ver (impersonal infinitive)
ver (first-person infinitive singular)
veres (infinitive second-person singular)
ver (infinitive singular third-person)
vermos (first-person infinitive plural)
verdes (infinitive plural second-person)
verem (infinitive plural third-person)
vendo (gerund)
visto (masculine participle past singular)
vistos (masculine participle past plural)
vista (feminine participle past singular)
vistas (feminine participle past plural)
vejo (first-person indicative present singular)
vês (indicative present second-person singular)
vê (indicative present singular third-person)
vemos (first-person indicative plural present)
vedes (indicative plural present second-person)
veem (indicative plural present third-person)
vêem (indicative plural present third-person)
via (first-person imperfect indicative singular)
vias (imperfect indicative second-person singular)
via (imperfect indicative singular third-person)
víamos (first-person imperfect indicative plural)
víeis (imperfect indicative plural second-person)
viam (imperfect indicative plural third-person)
vi (first-person indicative preterite singular)
viste (indicative preterite second-person singular)
viu (indicative preterite singular third-person)
vimos (first-person indicative plural preterite)
vistes (indicative plural preterite second-person)
viram (indicative plural preterite third-person)
vira (first-person indicative pluperfect singular)
viras (indicative pluperfect second-person singular)
vira (indicative pluperfect singular third-person)
víramos (first-person indicative pluperfect plural)
víreis (indicative pluperfect plural second-person)
viram (indicative pluperfect plural third-person)
verei (first-person future indicative singular)
verás (future indicative second-person singular)
verá (future indicative singular third-person)
veremos (first-person future indicative plural)
vereis (future indicative plural second-person)
verão (future indicative plural third-person)
veria (conditional first-person singular)
verias (conditional second-person singular)
veria (conditional singular third-person)
veríamos (conditional first-person plural)
veríeis (conditional plural second-person)
veriam (conditional plural third-person)
veja (first-person present singular subjunctive)
vejas (present second-person singular subjunctive)
veja (present singular subjunctive third-person)
vejamos (first-person plural present subjunctive)
vejais (plural present second-person subjunctive)
vejam (plural present subjunctive third-person)
visse (first-person imperfect singular subjunctive)
visses (imperfect second-person singular subjunctive)
visse (imperfect singular subjunctive third-person)
víssemos (first-person imperfect plural subjunctive)
vísseis (imperfect plural second-person subjunctive)
vissem (imperfect plural subjunctive third-person)
vir (first-person future singular subjunctive)
vires (future second-person singular subjunctive)
vir (future singular subjunctive third-person)
virmos (first-person future plural subjunctive)
virdes (future plural second-person subjunctive)
virem (future plural subjunctive third-person)
vê (imperative second-person singular)
veja (imperative singular third-person)
vejamos (first-person imperative plural)
vede (imperative plural second-person)
vejam (imperative plural third-person)
não vejas (imperative negative second-person singular)
não veja (imperative negative singular third-person)
não vejamos (first-person imperative negative plural)
não vejais (imperative negative plural second-person)
não vejam (imperative negative plural third-person)

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese veer, from Latin vidēre (“to see”), from Proto-Italic *widēō (“I see”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”).

der

Abriram uma escola para os que não veem.

They've opened a school for those who cannot see.

(intransitive) to see (to be able to see; not to be blind or blinded)


chamois

Borrowed from Middle French chamois, from Late Latin camox, from Gaulish camox (5th c. AD, Polemius Silvius), probably from an extinct Alpine language (Raetic, Ancient Ligurian), possibly Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“without horns”). Compare also Old High German gamiza (“chamois”) (whence modern German Gämse).


eyelid

From Middle English eyelidd, eye-led, eiȝelid, eghe-lydd, yȝe-lydd, ehlid, yhelidd, equivalent to eye + lid. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Oogenlid (“eyelid”), West Frisian eachlid (“eyelid”), Dutch ooglid (“eyelid”), German Low German Ooglidd (“eyelid”), German Augenlid (“eyelid”).
Generally superseded non-native Middle English palpebre (“eyelid”), borrowed from Latin palpebra (“eyelid”) (see Modern English palpebra).

By his neeſings a light doth ſhine, and his eyes are like the eye-liddes of the morning.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 41:18, column 2:

[…] the frightened or insane eyes of an animal, sometimes with eyelids closed in escapeful slumber.

2000, Joshua P. Warren, The Evil in Asheville, page 246:

Allergan, the company that turned an obscure muscle paralyzer for eyelid spasms, Botox, into a blockbuster wrinkle smoother, hopes to perform cosmetic alchemy yet again.

2009 January 14, Natasha Singer, “Love the Eyelashes. Who Is Your Doctor?”, in The New York Times:

A thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye.

ooglid

anatomy: a thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye


kara

head

kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar)

karayı (accusative definite)
karalar (plural)
kara (nominative singular)
karalar (nominative plural)
karayı (accusative definite singular)
karaları (accusative definite plural)
karaya (dative singular)
karalara (dative plural)
karada (locative singular)
karalarda (locative plural)
karadan (ablative singular)
karalardan (ablative plural)
karanın (genitive singular)
karaların (genitive plural)
karam (first-person nominative singular)
karalarım (first-person nominative singular)
karan (nominative second-person singular)
karaların (nominative second-person singular)
karası (nominative singular third-person)
karaları (nominative singular third-person)
karamız (first-person nominative plural)
karalarımız (first-person nominative plural)
karanız (nominative plural second-person)
karalarınız (nominative plural second-person)
karaları (nominative plural third-person)
karamı (accusative definite first-person singular)
karalarımı (accusative definite first-person singular)
karanı (accusative definite second-person singular)
karalarını (accusative definite second-person singular)
karasını (accusative definite singular third-person)
karalarını (accusative definite singular third-person)
karamızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
karalarımızı (accusative definite first-person plural)
karanızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
karalarınızı (accusative definite plural second-person)
karalarını (accusative definite plural third-person)
karama (dative first-person singular)
karalarıma (dative first-person singular)
karana (dative second-person singular)
karalarına (dative second-person singular)
karasına (dative singular third-person)
karalarına (dative singular third-person)
karamıza (dative first-person plural)
karalarımıza (dative first-person plural)
karanıza (dative plural second-person)
karalarınıza (dative plural second-person)
karalarına (dative plural third-person)
karamda (first-person locative singular)
karalarımda (first-person locative singular)
karanda (locative second-person singular)
karalarında (locative second-person singular)
karasında (locative singular third-person)
karalarında (locative singular third-person)
karamızda (first-person locative plural)
karalarımızda (first-person locative plural)
karanızda (locative plural second-person)
karalarınızda (locative plural second-person)
karalarında (locative plural third-person)
karamdan (ablative first-person singular)
karalarımdan (ablative first-person singular)
karandan (ablative second-person singular)
karalarından (ablative second-person singular)
karasından (ablative singular third-person)
karalarından (ablative singular third-person)
karamızdan (ablative first-person plural)
karalarımızdan (ablative first-person plural)
karanızdan (ablative plural second-person)
karalarınızdan (ablative plural second-person)
karalarından (ablative plural third-person)
karamın (first-person genitive singular)
karalarımın (first-person genitive singular)
karanın (genitive second-person singular)
karalarının (genitive second-person singular)
karasının (genitive singular third-person)
karalarının (genitive singular third-person)
karamızın (first-person genitive plural)
karalarımızın (first-person genitive plural)
karanızın (genitive plural second-person)
karalarınızın (genitive plural second-person)
karalarının (genitive plural third-person)

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قره (kara), from Proto-Turkic *kara (“dark, black”).


青

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (青):
* → Japanese: 青(せい) (sei)
* → Korean: 청(靑) (cheong)
* → Vietnamese: thanh (青)

→ Tocharian A: tseṃ (“blue”)

→ Tocharian B: tseṃ m (“blue”), tseñña f

→ Vietnamese: xanh (“green”)

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ²⁴/

/t͡sʰi̯aŋ⁵⁵/

Second round of simplified Chinese characters

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 生 (“growth of plants”) + 丹 (“cinnabar”); a more conservative variant is 𤯞. Cinnabar was used for dyeing, and by extension, came to imply “color” in general, giving the combined meaning “color of growing plants” → “blue-green”.
In the modern glyph, the top component is reduced to 龶, and the bottom component resembles the unrelated 月 (yuè, “moon”).
The second-round simplified form of the character is based on the calligraphic form of the character.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”). Cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ, “green; blue”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”). Note 蒼 (OC *sʰaːŋ) may be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007).

inh

靑
寈
㞭
𡗡
𡴏
𡴑
𡷉
𤯝
𤯞

青BB


青

青 (canonical)
ao (romanization)
awo (romanization)
あを (hiragana historical)

/sawo/ (uncertain, may be compound as opposed to root) → /awo/ → /ao/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *awo.
Appears as the latter part in older compounds with an -s- infix or prefix. It is unclear if this leading /s/ is indicative of an earlier form (sawo), or if this was an addition for euphony to avoid vowel clusters, or for other reasons. This /s/ is also seen in 雨(あめ) (ame, “rain”, becoming same in old compounds) and 稲(いね) (ine, “rice”, becoming shine in old compounds).
Given that this /s/ only ever appears interstitially, and given the semantics, this /s/ may be cognate with Korean interfix ㅅ (-s-) used to mark possession; compare German -s-.


honey

en-noun

honey (usually uncountable, plural honeys or (archaic) honies)

→ Japanese: ハニー (hanī)

→⇒ Jarai: ia hơni

→ Marshallese: ōne

Sranan Tongo: oni

Tok Pisin: hani

From Middle English hony, honi, from Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą (compare West Frisian hunich, German Honig), from earlier *hunangą (compare Swedish honung), from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂onk-o-s, from *kn̥h₂ónks.
Cognate with Middle Welsh canecon (“gold”), Latin canicae pl (“bran”), Tocharian B kronkśe (“bee”), Albanian qengjë (“beehive”), Ancient Greek κνῆκος (knêkos, “safflower”), Northern Kurdish şan (“beehive”), Northern Luri گونج (gonj, “bee”), Finnish hunaja.

cog

dip me in honey and throw me to the lesbians

don't get your honey where you make your money

you attract more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

honey:

A spectrum of pale yellow to brownish-yellow color, like that of most types of (the sweet substance) honey.


honey

en-adj

honey (comparative honeyer or honier, superlative honeyest or honiest)

honeyer (comparative)
honier (comparative)
honeyest (superlative)
honiest (superlative)

Then I looked close at the scalp he stroked, which was of the silkiest blonde. For a moment I was sure it come from Olga’s dear head, and reckoned also he had little Gus’s fine skull-cover someplace among his filthy effects, the stinking old savage, living out his life of murder, rapine, and squalor, and I almost knifed him before I collected myself and realized the hair was honeyer than my Swedish wife’s.

1964, Thomas Berger, “My Indian Wife”, in Little Big Man, New York, N.Y.: The Dial Press, →LCCN, page 214:

Of a pale yellow to brownish-yellow color, like most types of honey.


honey

en-verb

honey (third-person singular simple present honeys, present participle honeying, simple past and past participle honeyed)

honeys (present singular third-person)
honeying (participle present)
honeyed (participle past)
honeyed (past)

[O]ne / Discuss'd his tutor, rough to common men / But honeying at the whisper of a lord; / And one the Master, as a rogue in grain / Veneer'd with sanctimonious theory.

1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Prologue”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 6:

(intransitive) To be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn.


flaxen

From Middle English flaxen, flexon, flexin, from Old English fleaxen (“of flax; flaxen”), equivalent to flax + -en (“made of”). Compare Dutch vlassen.

flaxen:

The couple and their children have flaxen hair.

(of hair) A pale yellow brown as of dried flax; blonde.


lam

Sino-Vietnamese word from 藍, from Literary Chinese 藍 (lán), using the same disambiguation of 青 (“grue”) with 藍／蓝 (lán, “blue”) and 綠／绿 (lục, “green”). See also xanh (“grue”).


blonde

Alternative form of blond (person of fair hair). (Used especially of a woman. See the usage notes in the entry blond.)

blond

blonde:

Alternative form of blond (pale golden brown color).

Coordinate term: redhead

Most [camera crews] carry two blondes and three redheads or their equivalents. Blondes are 2000 watt lamps traditionally with yellow heads (or shells) used to light fairly large areas — also referred to as 2Ks — and redheads smaller 800 watt lamps traditionally with red shells to light faces.

2012, Colin Hart, Television Program Making, page 63:

(film, television, theater) A kind of 2,000-watt lamp.


blonde

blonde (third-person singular simple present blondes, present participle blonding, simple past and past participle blonded)

blondes (present singular third-person)
blonding (participle present)
blonded (participle past)
blonded (past)

Most women who blonde their hair today have been doing it for several years.

1964, LIFE, volume 56, number 10, page 25:

(especially of a woman) Alternative form of blond


赤

Inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan *aka, from Proto-Japonic *aka.


dodo

Noun sense derives from the ideophone sense.

rẹ̀ dòdò

Ara wọn rẹ̀ dòdò bíi ẹ̀jẹ̀.

Àwọn Yorùbá kì í wọ aṣọ tó bá rẹ̀ dòdò.

1997, Sachnine Michika, “dòdò”, in Dictionnaire usuel yorùbá-français suivi d'un index français-yorùbá (overall work in French), Ibadan, Nigeria: Éditions Karthala and IFRA-Ibadan, →ISBN, page 220:

The Yoruba do not wear bright red clothes.

Ó rẹ̀ dòdò bí òòrùn alẹ́.

2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, “dòdò”, in Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, number LDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:

It turned deep red like the late evening sun.

Ó já sí pápá, ó rẹ̀ dòdò, ó so igba àdó mọ́rí.

It bursts into the open field, it comes out in deep red, it ties two hundred tiny gourds on its head (riddle = imí/ìgbẹ́ (feces))

Ìlẹ̀pa dòdò kì í jẹ́ kí òkú bẹ̀nìyàn wò.

2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale, quoting A. Babalola, “dòdò”, in Orin Ọdẹ fún Àṣeyẹ, number LDC2008L03, 1973, Ibadan: Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Ltd., page 26, quoted in Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, →DOI, →ISBN:

The deep red laterite from fresh grave does not allow the dead to come and visit his relations.

12: Ojú rẹ̀ yóò rẹ̀ dòdò ju wáìnì lọ.

2009, “Gẹnẹsisi 49”, in Bíbélì Mímọ́ Yorùbá Òde Òn [Yoruba Contemporary Bible (YCB)], Biblica, Inc:

12: His eyes will become redder than wine.

(of an object) being deeply or richly red

dòdòòdò

of an object being very deeply or richly red

rẹ̀ dòdò

to be a deep red, (of a sauce) to look appetizing


invisibly

en-adv

invisibly (comparative more invisibly, superlative most invisibly)

more invisibly (comparative)
most invisibly (superlative)

In a way that can not be seen; in an invisible manner.


read

rēad (canonical)
rēad (masculine nominative singular)
rēad (feminine nominative singular)
rēad (neuter nominative singular)
rēadne (accusative masculine singular)
rēade (accusative feminine singular)
rēad (accusative neuter singular)
rēades (genitive masculine singular)
rēadre (feminine genitive singular)
rēades (genitive neuter singular)
rēadum (dative masculine singular)
rēadre (dative feminine singular)
rēadum (dative neuter singular)
rēade (instrumental masculine singular)
rēadre (feminine instrumental singular)
rēade (instrumental neuter singular)
rēade (masculine nominative plural)
rēada (feminine nominative plural)
rēade (feminine nominative plural)
rēad (neuter nominative plural)
rēade (accusative masculine plural)
rēada (accusative feminine plural)
rēade (accusative feminine plural)
rēad (accusative neuter plural)
rēadra (genitive masculine plural)
rēadra (feminine genitive plural)
rēadra (genitive neuter plural)
rēadum (dative masculine plural)
rēadum (dative feminine plural)
rēadum (dative neuter plural)
rēadum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēadum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēadum (instrumental neuter plural)
rēada (masculine nominative singular)
rēade (feminine nominative singular)
rēade (neuter nominative singular)
rēadan (accusative masculine singular)
rēadan (accusative feminine singular)
rēade (accusative neuter singular)
rēadan (genitive masculine singular)
rēadan (feminine genitive singular)
rēadan (genitive neuter singular)
rēadan (dative masculine singular)
rēadan (dative feminine singular)
rēadan (dative neuter singular)
rēadan (instrumental masculine singular)
rēadan (feminine instrumental singular)
rēadan (instrumental neuter singular)
rēadan (masculine nominative plural)
rēadan (feminine nominative plural)
rēadan (neuter nominative plural)
rēadan (accusative masculine plural)
rēadan (accusative feminine plural)
rēadan (accusative neuter plural)
rēadra (genitive masculine plural)
rēadena (genitive masculine plural)
rēadra (feminine genitive plural)
rēadena (feminine genitive plural)
rēadra (genitive neuter plural)
rēadena (genitive neuter plural)
rēadum (dative masculine plural)
rēadum (dative feminine plural)
rēadum (dative neuter plural)
rēadum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēadum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēadum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: red, redde, reed, read, ræd
English: red
Scots: rede, reid
Yola: reed

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.
Germanic cognates: Old Frisian rād (West Frisian read), Old Saxon rōd (Low German root, rod), Dutch rood, Old High German rōt (German rot), Old Norse rauðr (Danish rød, Swedish röd, Icelandic rauður), Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs).
Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Latin ruber, Old Irish rúad, Lithuanian raũdas, Russian рудо́й (rudój).


read

read (adverbial positive predicative)
reader (adverbial comparative predicative)
it readst (adverbial predicative superlative)
it readste (adverbial predicative superlative)
reade (common-gender indefinite positive singular)
readere (common-gender comparative indefinite singular)
readste (common-gender indefinite singular superlative)
read (indefinite neuter positive singular)
reader (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
readste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
reade (indefinite plural positive)
readere (comparative indefinite plural)
readste (indefinite plural superlative)
reade (definite positive)
readere (comparative definite)
readste (definite superlative)
reads (partitive positive)
readers (comparative partitive)


flesh

en-noun

flesh (usually uncountable, plural fleshes)

From Middle English flesh, flesch, flæsch, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

der

For all flesh is as grasse, and all the glory of man as the flowre of grasse: the grasse withereth, and the flowre thereof falleth away.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Peter 1:24:

For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that yee cannot doe the things that yee would.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 5:17:

1929 January, Bassett Morgan (Grace Jones), Bimini, first published in Weird Tales, reprinted 1949, in Avon Fantasy Reader, Issue 10,
But death had no gift for me, no power to free me from flesh.

(religion) The mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.

She opened [...] a third that was the peachy white that crayon companies used to call “flesh”.

2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 243:

flesh:

A yellowish pink color; the color of some Caucasian human skin.


raspberry

→ Japanese: ラズベリー (razuberī)

From earlier raspis berry, possibly from raspise (a sweet rose-colored wine), from Anglo-Latin vinum raspeys, of uncertain origin. Possibly related to rasp (“coarse, rough”), of Germanic origin.

عُلَّيْق m (ʕullayq) (which also means blackberry)

Any of many other (but not all) species in the genus Rubus.

The juicy aggregate fruit of these plants.


raspberry

en-adj

raspberry (comparative raspberrier, superlative raspberriest)

raspberrier (comparative)
raspberriest (superlative)

She wore a raspberry beret / The kind you find in a second hand store

1985, Prince (lyrics and music), “Raspberry Beret”, in Around the World in a Day, performed by Prince and the Revolution:


raspberry

en-verb

raspberry (third-person singular simple present raspberries, present participle raspberrying, simple past and past participle raspberried)

raspberries (present singular third-person)
raspberrying (participle present)
raspberried (participle past)
raspberried (past)

[…] she stuck burrs in my bed and lead me through the nettle-patch when we were raspberrying, because she knew I did n't know nettles; […]

1903, M. E. Waller, A Daughter of the Rich, Little, Brown, and Company, published 1903, page 137:

"Owen and she went raspberrying in the woods back of her farm," answered Anne. "They won't be back before supper time—if then."

1917, Lucy Maud Montgomery, chapter 37, in Anne's House of Dreams:

[…] Mrs. Thrifty was picking pie cherries, two boys were raspberrying, and the fourth son, as I recall it, blueberrying.

1944, Cornelius Weygandt, The Heart of New Hampshire: Things Held Dear by Folks of the Old Stocks, G. P. Putnam's Sons, published 1944, page 129:

My mother told my sister Sally and me that if we were good little girls we might go raspberrying up on the mountains when the raspberries were ripe.

1976, Emily Ward, The Way Things Were: An Autobiography of Emily Ward, Newport Press (1976), page 4

In strawberry time she had seen individual bears grazing in the meadows along the bluff, and later, while raspberrying, she heard one gobbling fruit and snorting on the other side of the bush.

1988, Charles McCarry, The Bride of the Wilderness, MysteriousPress.com, published 2011, →ISBN:


raspberry

Cockney rhyming slang, from raspberry tart = fart (though "raspberry" is rarely used for a fart, merely a noise which imitates it). Compare raspberry ripple = cripple.

Of the announcement, Osborne said: "They have spent a hundred billion pounds of public money and they've got a massive raspberry from everyone as far as I can see. As a PR exercise, it's been an object lesson in how not to make a government announcement."

2021 December 1, “Network News: Integrated Rail Plan: Osborne predicts HS2 eastern leg will return”, in RAIL, number 945, page 8:

(colloquial) A noise intended to imitate the passing of flatulence, made by blowing air out of the mouth while the tongue is protruding from and pressed against the lips, or by blowing air through the lips while they are pressed firmly together or against skin (often a form of tickling) used humorously or to express derision.


pula

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pula. Compare Aklanon puea and Asi puya.


blond

en-adj

blond (comparative blonder or more blond, superlative blondest or most blond)

blonder (comparative)
more blond (comparative)
blondest (superlative)
most blond (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French blond m, from Old French blond, blont, blund, (> Medieval Latin blondus), from Frankish *blund (“a mixed color between golden and light-brown”), from Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“mixed, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to become turbid, see badly, go blind”). Compare Old English blondenfeax (“grey-haired”), Old English blandan (“to mix”). More at blend.
Alternative etymology connects Frankish *blund to Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“blond”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥ndʰ-, *bʰlendʰ- (“blond, red-haired”). If so, then it would be cognate with Sanskrit ब्रध्न (bradhná, “ruddy, pale red, yellowish”).

cog

“She was so blond, that where it said 'sign here,' she wrote Gemini.” He had given her only the weakest of smiles.

2010, Mariah Stewart, Moon Dance, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:

Katelyn's laugh was nearly uncontrollable. “You are so blond sometimes,” she said with a long laughing sigh, but then calmed herself down.

2002, Michael Jay, The Altherian Code, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 118:

Alternative spelling of blonde (“stupid”)


blond

nl-adj

blond (comparative blonder, superlative blondst)

blonder (comparative)
blondst (superlative)
blond (adverbial positive predicative)
blonder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het blondst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het blondste (adverbial predicative superlative)
blonde (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
blondere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
blondste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
blond (indefinite neuter positive singular)
blonder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
blondste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
blonde (indefinite plural positive)
blondere (comparative indefinite plural)
blondste (indefinite plural superlative)
blonde (definite positive)
blondere (comparative definite)
blondste (definite superlative)
blonds (partitive positive)
blonders (comparative partitive)

→ Papiamentu: blònt

From Middle Dutch blont, from Old French blond, Medieval Latin blondus, from Germanic.

Hij heeft mooi blond haar.

Mijn moeder drinkt graag sterke blonde trappistenbieren.

My mother likes to drink strong blonde trappist beers.

blond, fair; of light color (usually said about light hair color, but it can also refer to beer)


blond

pl-adj

blond (not comparable, indeclinable, no derived adverb)

Borrowed from French blond, from Middle French blond, from Old French blond, blont, blund, from Medieval Latin blondus, from Frankish *blund, from Proto-Germanic *blundaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ-.

blond kolor

blond odcień

blond modelka

blond piękność

blond czupryna

blond peruka

blond loki

blond warkocze

blond wąsy

blond włosy

farbowany/przefarbowany/ufarbowany na blond

zrobiony na blond

ciemny blond

jasny blond

platynowy blond

popielaty blond

naturalny blond

tleniony blond


blond

(colloquial) blond (which has a color intermediate between golden and light brown)


blow

en-adj

blow (comparative blower or more blow, superlative blowest or most blow)

blower (comparative)
more blow (comparative)
blowest (superlative)
most blow (superlative)

From Middle English blo, bloo, from Old English blāw (“blue”), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue, grey, black”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with Latin flavus (“yellow”). Doublet of blue.

der

(now chiefly puristic, dialectal, Northern England) Blue.


rod

head

rod (comparative roder, superlative rodest)

roder (comparative)
rodest (superlative)
rod (masculine nominative weak)
rod (feminine nominative weak)
rod (neuter nominative weak)
rode (nominative plural weak)
rode (accusative masculine weak)
rod (accusative feminine weak)
rod (accusative neuter weak)
rode (accusative plural weak)
rode (dative masculine weak)
rode (dative feminine weak)
rode (dative neuter weak)
rode (dative plural weak)
roder (masculine nominative strong)
rode (feminine nominative strong)
rodes (neuter nominative strong)
rode (nominative plural strong)
rode (accusative masculine strong)
rode (accusative feminine strong)
rodes (accusative neuter strong)
rode (accusative plural strong)
rodem (dative masculine strong)
roder (dative feminine strong)
rodem (dative neuter strong)
rode (dative plural strong)

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ-.

inh

Die Blumme sin rod.

Die Tomatte sin aarich rod.

Sie hod en rode Naas.


rod

osx-adj

rōd (comparative rōdoro, superlative rōdost)

rōd (canonical)
rōdoro (comparative)
rōdost (superlative)
rōd (masculine nominative singular strong)
rōde (masculine nominative plural strong)
rōd (neuter nominative singular strong)
rōde (neuter nominative plural strong)
rōd (feminine nominative singular strong)
rōdu (feminine nominative plural strong)
rōdana (accusative masculine singular strong)
rōde (accusative masculine plural strong)
rōd (accusative neuter singular strong)
rōde (accusative neuter plural strong)
rōda (accusative feminine singular strong)
rōdu (accusative feminine plural strong)
rōdes (genitive masculine singular strong)
rōdarō (genitive masculine plural strong)
rōdes (genitive neuter singular strong)
rōdarō (genitive neuter plural strong)
rōdaro (feminine genitive singular strong)
rōdarō (feminine genitive plural strong)
rōdumu (dative masculine singular strong)
rōdum (dative masculine plural strong)
rōdumu (dative neuter singular strong)
rōdum (dative neuter plural strong)
rōdaro (dative feminine singular strong)
rōdum (dative feminine plural strong)
rōdo (masculine nominative singular weak)
rōdu (masculine nominative plural weak)
rōda (neuter nominative singular weak)
rōdu (neuter nominative plural weak)
rōda (feminine nominative singular weak)
rōdu (feminine nominative plural weak)
rōdun (accusative masculine singular weak)
rōdun (accusative masculine plural weak)
rōda (accusative neuter singular weak)
rōdun (accusative neuter plural weak)
rōdun (accusative feminine singular weak)
rōdun (accusative feminine plural weak)
rōdun (genitive masculine singular weak)
rōdonō (genitive masculine plural weak)
rōdun (genitive neuter singular weak)
rōdonō (genitive neuter plural weak)
rōdun (feminine genitive singular weak)
rōdonō (feminine genitive plural weak)
rōdun (dative masculine singular weak)
rōdum (dative masculine plural weak)
rōdun (dative neuter singular weak)
rōdum (dative neuter plural weak)
rōdun (dative feminine singular weak)
rōdum (dative feminine plural weak)
rōdoro (comparative masculine nominative singular)
rōdoru (comparative masculine nominative plural)
rōdora (comparative neuter nominative singular)
rōdoru (comparative neuter nominative plural)
rōdora (comparative feminine nominative singular)
rōdoru (comparative feminine nominative plural)
rōdorun (accusative comparative masculine singular)
rōdorun (accusative comparative masculine plural)
rōdora (accusative comparative neuter singular)
rōdorun (accusative comparative neuter plural)
rōdorun (accusative comparative feminine singular)
rōdorun (accusative comparative feminine plural)
rōdorun (comparative genitive masculine singular)
rōdoronō (comparative genitive masculine plural)
rōdorun (comparative genitive neuter singular)
rōdoronō (comparative genitive neuter plural)
rōdorun (comparative feminine genitive singular)
rōdoronō (comparative feminine genitive plural)
rōdorun (comparative dative masculine singular)
rōdorum (comparative dative masculine plural)
rōdorun (comparative dative neuter singular)
rōdorum (comparative dative neuter plural)
rōdorun (comparative dative feminine singular)
rōdorum (comparative dative feminine plural)
rōdost (masculine nominative singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (masculine nominative plural strong superlative)
rōdost (neuter nominative singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (neuter nominative plural strong superlative)
rōdost (feminine nominative singular strong superlative)
rōdostu (feminine nominative plural strong superlative)
rōdostana (accusative masculine singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (accusative masculine plural strong superlative)
rōdost (accusative neuter singular strong superlative)
rōdoste (accusative neuter plural strong superlative)
rōdosta (accusative feminine singular strong superlative)
rōdostu (accusative feminine plural strong superlative)
rōdostes (genitive masculine singular strong superlative)
rōdostarō (genitive masculine plural strong superlative)
rōdostes (genitive neuter singular strong superlative)
rōdostarō (genitive neuter plural strong superlative)
rōdostaro (feminine genitive singular strong superlative)
rōdostarō (feminine genitive plural strong superlative)
rōdostumu (dative masculine singular strong superlative)
rōdostum (dative masculine plural strong superlative)
rōdostumu (dative neuter singular strong superlative)
rōdostum (dative neuter plural strong superlative)
rōdostaro (dative feminine singular strong superlative)
rōdostum (dative feminine plural strong superlative)
rōdosto (masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
rōdostu (masculine nominative plural superlative weak)
rōdosta (neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
rōdostu (neuter nominative plural superlative weak)
rōdosta (feminine nominative singular superlative weak)
rōdostu (feminine nominative plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative masculine singular superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative masculine plural superlative weak)
rōdosta (accusative neuter singular superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative neuter plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative feminine singular superlative weak)
rōdostun (accusative feminine plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (genitive masculine singular superlative weak)
rōdostonō (genitive masculine plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (genitive neuter singular superlative weak)
rōdostonō (genitive neuter plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (feminine genitive singular superlative weak)
rōdostonō (feminine genitive plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (dative masculine singular superlative weak)
rōdostum (dative masculine plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (dative neuter singular superlative weak)
rōdostum (dative neuter plural superlative weak)
rōdostun (dative feminine singular superlative weak)
rōdostum (dative feminine plural superlative weak)

Middle Low German: rōt

German Low German:

Hamburgisch: rod

Westphalian

Sauerländisch: räod, raud, reyet, rout, rōet

Westmünsterländisch: root

Plautdietsch: root

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, whence also Old English rēad, Old Frisian rād, Old High German rōt, Old Norse rauðr, Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.


goggles

Probably from goggle, from the appearance it gives the wearer.


rood

Afrikaans: rooi

Jersey Dutch: rôi

Negerhollands: rooi, ro, roo, rood

Skepi Creole Dutch: aro

From Middle Dutch rôot, from Old Dutch rōt, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.


rood

head

rood (masculine roden, feminine, plural or definite rode, comparative roder, superlative roodst)

roden (masculine)
rode (definite plural)
roder (comparative)
roodst (superlative)

From Old Frisian rād, from Proto-West Germanic *raud. Cognates include West Frisian read and German Rot.


era

rw-verb

-êra (infinitive kwêra, perfective -êze)

-êra (canonical)
kwêra (infinitive)
-êze (perfective)


ermine

en-noun

ermine (countable and uncountable, plural ermines or ermine)

From Middle English ermine, ermin, ermyn, from Old French ermin, ermine, hermine.
There are two main theories for the origin of Old French ermine. Germanic origin is suggested via Old Dutch *harmino (“stoat skin”), from *harmo (“stoat, weasel”) (compare Dutch hermelijn and dialectal herm), from Proto-Germanic *harmǭ, *harmô (compare Old English hearma, Old High German harmo (harmin (adjective), obsolete German Harm), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱormō (compare Romansch carmun, obsolete Lithuanian šarmuõ). Romance sources identify the animal with the corresponding word for Armenian, possibly from Medieval Latin mūs Armenius (“Armenian mouse”) or a posterior compound.

der

(heraldry) The fur of this animal, used as a heraldic tincture: a white field with a repeating pattern of stylized black spots.

hermelín

(heraldry) a white field with black spots


ermine

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour ermine (white with black spots).

hermelínový

of white colour with black spots on a coat of arms


brass

en-noun

brass (usually uncountable, plural brasses)

From Middle English bras, bres, from Old English bræs (“brass, bronze”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps representing a backformation from Proto-Germanic *brasnaz (“brazen”), from or related to *brasō (“fire, pyre”). Compare Old Norse and Icelandic bras (“solder”), Icelandic brasa (“to harden in the fire”), Swedish brasa (“a small controlled fire”), Danish brase (“to fry”); French braser ("to solder"; > English braise) from the same Germanic root. Compare also Middle Dutch braspenninc ("a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch braspenning), Old Frisian bress (“copper”), Middle Low German bras (“metal, ore”).
In the military sense an ellipsis of the brass hats.

unc

uncertain

gloss

"to solder"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">braise</i>

"a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">braspenning</i>

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

(music) A class of wind instruments, usually made of metal (such as brass), that use vibrations of the player's lips to produce sound; the section of an orchestra that features such instruments

духов

related to brass instruments (attributive use)


brass

By ellipsis from brass nail, in turn from "nail[ing]" (fig.) and "brass blonde" (see "brazen"); and also shortened from Cockney Rhyming slang brass flute for "prostitute".


beaver

en-noun

beaver (countable and uncountable, plural beavers)

The beards were false ones. I could see the elastic going over their ears. In other words, I had fallen among a band of criminals who were not wilful beavers, but had merely assumed the fungus for purposes of disguise.

(countable) A beard or a bearded person.

Referring to a beard.
A beard or a bearded person.


narrow

en-adj

narrow (comparative narrower, superlative narrowest)

narrower (comparative)
narrowest (superlative)

From Middle English narow, narowe, narewe, narwe, naru, from Old English nearu (“narrow, strait, confined, constricted, not spacious, limited, petty; limited, poor, restricted; oppressive, causing anxiety (of that which restricts free action of body or mind), causing or accompanied by difficulty, hardship, oppressive; oppressed, not having free action; strict, severe”), from Proto-West Germanic *naru, from Proto-Germanic *narwaz (“constricted, narrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ner- (“to turn, bend, twist, constrict”). Cognate with Scots naro, narow, narrow (“narrow”), North Frisian naar, noar, noor (“narrow”), Saterland Frisian noar (“bleak, dismal, meager, ghastly, unwell”), Saterland Frisian Naarwe (“scar”), West Frisian near (“narrow”), Dutch naar (“dismal, bleak, ill, sick”), Low German naar (“dismal, ghastly”), German Nehrung (“spit, narrow peninsula”), Norwegian norve (“a clip, staple”), Icelandic narrow- (“njörva-”, in compounds).

cog

(phonetics) Formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate; or (according to Bell) by a tense condition of the pharynx; distinguished from wide.

suppea

phonetics: formed (as a vowel) by a close position of some part of the tongue in relation to the palate


camel

→ Coeur d'Alene: keemel

→ Eastern Arrernte: kamule

→ Tsonga: kamela

From Middle English camel, through Old English camel and Old Northern French camel (Old French chamel, modern French chameau), from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from a Semitic source, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *gamal-; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal), Hebrew גמל (gamál), Aramaic ܓܡܠܐ (gamlā), Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul). As a marine device, from Dutch. As an ethnic slur, short for camelfucker, camel jockey, etc.

a camel is a horse designed by a committee

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

Returne our Mules and emptie Camels backe,
That we may trauell into Siria, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

Achilles! a drayman, a porter, a very camel.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

As sometimes happens in countries of small civilisation, a leader arose from among the Arabs. None knew from where he sprang, and it was said that he had been a camel driver.

1907, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter IV, in The Explorer:

oont

India (Anglo-Indian), Australia, colloquial

A beast of burden, much used in desert areas, of the genus Camelus.

camel:

A light brownish color, like that of a camel (also called camel brown).

(ethnic slur) A person of Middle Eastern origin.


camel

→ Spanish: cámel

[…] try to select accessories that are in the same color family as your coat," says millinery designer Patricia Underwood. To pick up the weave of a brown tweed jacket, for instance, choose a camel hat and black gloves.

Of a light brown color like that of a camel.


flame

en-noun

flame (countable and uncountable, plural flames)

From Middle English flawme, blend of Old French flame and flambe, flamble, the first from Latin flamma, the second from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma, both from pre-Latin *fladma; Proto-Italic *flagmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Displaced native Old English līeġ.

der

[M]arked by myriad clouds of every sunset-colour - flame, purple, pink, green, violet, and all the tints of gold.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 73:

A brilliant reddish orange-gold fiery colour.
flame:

The cello has a two-piece back with a beautiful narrow flame.

(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the curl.


flame

Of a brilliant reddish orange-gold colour, like that of a flame.


flame

en-verb

flame (third-person singular simple present flames, present participle flaming, simple past and past participle flamed)

flames (present singular third-person)
flaming (participle present)
flamed (participle past)
flamed (past)

From Middle English flawmen, from Old French flamber, flammer.

The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it flame again.

c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

To produce flames; to burn with a flame or blaze.


sand

en-noun

sand (usually uncountable, plural sands)

From Middle English sand, from Old English sand, from Proto-West Germanic *samd, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos, from *sem- (“to pour”).
See also West Frisian sân, Dutch zand, German Sand, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian sand, Latin sabulum, Ancient Greek ἄμαθος (ámathos), English dialectal samel (“sand bottom”), Old Irish do·essim (“to pour out”), Latin sentina (“bilge water”), Lithuanian sémti (“to scoop”), Ancient Greek ἀμάω (amáō, “to gather”), ἄμη (ámē, “water bucket”).

enough sense to pound sand into a rathole

sand:

A light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


sand

Of a light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


artichoke

→ Bengali: হাতিচোক (haticōk)

→ Cantonese: 雅枝竹 (ngaa⁵ zi¹ zuk¹)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आटिचोक (āṭicok)

Urdu: اٹچوک (āṭicok)

→ Indonesian: articok

→ Korean: 아티초크 (atichokeu)

desc

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ South Levantine Arabic: أرضي شوكي

→ Thai: อาติโช๊ค (aa-tí-chóok)

/ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/

/ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

From Lombard articioch (cf. articiocco), from Occitan artichaut, from Old Spanish alcarchofa, from Andalusian Arabic الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršūf), from Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf), definite form of خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf).

der

Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf)

Cynara cardunculus

the currently accepted taxonomic name, which also includes cardoons

A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.

أَرْضِي شَوْكِي

ʔarḍī šawkī, ʔarḍī šōkī

artichoke:

A dull green colour, like that of an artichoke.


zien

zien (infinitive)
zien (gerund neuter)
zie (first-person present singular)
zag (first-person past singular)
ziet (present second-person singular)
zie (present second-person singular)
zag (past second-person singular)
ziet (formal present second-person singular)
zag (formal past second-person singular)
ziet (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
ziet (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
zaagt (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
zaagt (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
ziet (present singular third-person)
zag (past singular third-person)
zien (plural present)
zagen (past plural)
zie (archaic present singular subjunctive)
zage (archaic past singular subjunctive)
zien (archaic plural present subjunctive)
zagen (archaic past plural subjunctive)
zie (imperative present singular)
ziet (archaic imperative plural present)
ziend (participle present)
gezien (participle past)

Afrikaans: sien

Javindo: sien, siet

Jersey Dutch: zîn, zîne

From Middle Dutch sien, from Old Dutch sian, from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Originally a class 5 strong verb, but the Germanic *h was lost from the infinitive and present tense forms through syncope in Old Dutch. However, it alternated with *g in the past tense through Grammatischer Wechsel, and this remained.

Ik zie jouw kat!

Laat je nieuwe schoenen eens zien.


light

English: light

Geordie English: leet

Scots: licht

Yola: lhygt

From Old English lēoht (“light, daylight; power of vision; luminary; world”), from Proto-West Germanic *leuht, from Proto-Germanic *leuhtą (“light”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewktom, from the root *lewk- (“light”).
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-der.
Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz
Proto-West Germanic *leuht
Old English lēoht
Middle English light

etymon

The radiation which allows for vision by brightening objects and colours.


ash

en-noun

ash (countable and uncountable, plural ashes)

From Middle English asshe, from Old English æsċ, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz (compare West Frisian esk, Dutch es, German Esche, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish ask), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- (compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian я́сень (jásenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi)).

Alternative forms: æsc, æsh

The traditional name for the ae ligature (æ), as used in Old English.


du

du (unmutated)
dhu (soft)
tu
tu (mixed)
tu (after-th mutation-mixed)

From Proto-Brythonic *duβ, from Proto-Celtic *dubus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.


mandarin

→ Irish: mandairín

From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, an agent suffix). In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人／满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).

com

LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.

1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.

Its sting preserved to literature a fierce peculiar genius [Waugh] who, in the 40 years before his death last week at 62, achieved recognition as the grand old mandarin of modern British prose and as a satirist whose skill at sticking pens in people rates him a roomy cell in the murderers’ row (Swift, Pope, Wilde, Shaw) of English letters.

1966 April 22, “The Beauty of His Malice”, in Time, archived from the original on 2012-11-06:

When mandarins on the court pointed to obscure language in the Constitution to overturn a century of precedent and declare the income tax unconstitutional, Harlan sided with precedent[.]

2021 June 23, Peter S. Canellos, “Why The ‘Trump Court’ Won’t Be Like Trump”, in Politico:

When institutional mandarins such as this eminent pair set out to undermine the traditional basis for remunerating the products of the mind, you might expect a lowly scribe (such as your reviewer) to take umbrage.

2024 January 13, Boyd Tonkin, “The culture of copyright creep”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:

(sometimes derogatory) A pedantic senior person of influence in academia or literary circles.

(informal, British) A senior civil servant.


mandarin

From French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.

Ellipsis of mandarin orange.:
A small, sweet citrus fruit.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

A tree of the species Citrus reticulata.

mandarin:


snow

en-noun

snow (countable and uncountable, plural snows)

From Middle English snow, snaw, from Old English snāw (“snow”), from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz (“snow”), from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos (“snow”), from the root *sneygʷʰ-.
Cognate with Scots snaw (“snow”), West Frisian snie (“snow”), Dutch sneeuw (“snow”), German Schnee (“snow”), Danish sne (“snow”), Norwegian snø (“snow”), Swedish snö (“snow”), Icelandic snjór (“snow”), Latin nix (“snow”), Russian снег (sneg), Ancient Greek νίφα (nípha), dialectal Albanian nehë (“place where the snow melts”), Sanskrit स्नेह (snéha, “oil, grease”).
The extended senses all trace back to the appearance of the weather phenomenon.

cog

there may be snow on the mountaintop but there's fire in the valley

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

snow:

(uncountable) A shade of the color white.

Lower down, in the 95 percent of the ocean where light does not penetrate, many living things feed on 'marine snow', the steady drizzle of particles of dead matter, whitish in colour, gradually sinking from the euphotic zone above. Other animals then feed on the 'snow' eaters.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, page 286:

better be wearing your snows next week

74 VW dyke mobile, 75K miles. Immac in/out & great to drive. No rust! Includes roofrack, snows, manual.

1984 April 7, “Classified advertisement”, in Gay Community News, page 15:

(informal, in the plural) Clipping of snow tires.


snow

English: snow

Scots: snaw

Yola: sneow, sneew, snowe, snow

From Old English snāw, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz.


丹

Short for 丹波国 (Tanba-koku, “Tanba Province”)


丹

From Old Japanese, also used as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ni⟩.
Cognate with 土 (ni, “earth, ground”).


丹

From Middle Chinese 丹 (MC tan).
Used in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨ta⟩.

a yellowish-red pigment made from lead oxide, used, for example, in nihonga


liver

From Middle English lyvere, lyver, from Old English lifer (“liver”), from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear, smudge, stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Líeuwer, Lieuwer (“liver”), West Frisian lever (“liver”), Dutch lever (“liver”), German Leber (“liver”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish lever (“liver”) (the last three from Old Norse lifr (“liver”)). Related to live.

der

His friend Rothwell, who had the use of the best Laveracks for breeding purposes, wrote him that one of his puppies was liver and white.

2006, Rawdon Briggs Lee, A History and Description of the Modern Dogs of Great Britain & Ireland, →ISBN, page 298:

Of the colour of liver (dark brown, tinted with red and gray).


白

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (白):
* → Japanese: 白(はく) (haku)
* → Korean: 백(白) (baek)
* → Jeju: 벡 (bek)
* → Vietnamese: bạch (白)

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *pʰɯəkᴰ¹ᴸ

Lao: ເຜືອກ (phư̄ak)

Thai: เผือก (pʉ̀ʉak)

→ Proto-Vietic: *baːk

Vietnamese: bạc

desc

→ Vietnamese: bệch (“chalky; sickly white”)

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Unclear; probably a pictogram (象形).
Guo (1954) suggests that it represents a thumb and is original form of 拇 (*mɯʔ) or, more probably, 擘 (*preːɡ).
Alternatively, Unger (apud Schuessler, 2007) suggests that it represents an acorn, noting its use in 樂／乐 (“oak”) (= 櫟／栎) and 皂 (zào, “acorn”). In this interpretation, the meaning of “white” is derived from the color of an acorn's inside. Unrelated to the top component of 原.
STEDT derives it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bawk (“white”), whence also Proto-Bodo-Garo *bok (“white”), Limbu ᤑ (phô, “white”); also compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kɓɔɔk (“white, grey”).
However, Schuessler (2007) finds it difficult to reconcile these forms with Middle Chinese due to the lack of medial r. Instead, he proposes a derivation from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bar (“white”) with -k extension, thus cognate with 皤 (OC *baːl, “white”) (Wang, 1982), Mizo vâr (“(to be) white”), Proto-Karen *ʔ(b)wa (“white”).

Han etyl

販仔白

贩仔白


白

⟨sira⟩ → /ɕira/
From Old Japanese.
The combining apophonic form of shiro above, mostly used in compounds.

Combining form of しろ (shiro) above:
white


白

Cognate with Japanese 白 (shiro, “white”).

くれー、白(しるー)やいびーん。


smoke

en-noun

smoke (countable and uncountable, plural smokes)

From Middle English smoke, from Old English smoca (“smoke”), probably a derivative of the verb (see below). Related to Dutch smook (“smoke”), Middle Low German smôk (“smoke”), dialectal German Schmauch (“smoke”).

If those were the days, however, when steam was triumphant, they were also the days of smoke. Nowhere was this so apparent as at "Kings Cross (Suburban)" where, one after another, the Great Northern tank engines thumped their way up the incline and emerged from the tunnel, in clouds of steam and smoke, to pound their way up the last few hundred feet of gradient alongside the platform.

1952 October, C. A. Johns, “One Hundred Years at Kings Cross—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 657:

Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

(uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.

anta intai

visible particles and vapour given off by burning material


smoke

en-verb

smoke (third-person singular simple present smokes, present participle smoking, simple past and past participle smoked)

smokes (present singular third-person)
smoking (participle present)
smoked (participle past)
smoked (past)

Dutch: smoken

Sranan Tongo: smoko

From Middle English smoken, from Old English smocian (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), from Proto-West Germanic *smokōn, from Proto-Germanic *smukōną (“to smoke”), ablaut derivative of Proto-Germanic *smaukaną (“to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewg- (“to smoke”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian smookje (“to smoke”), West Frisian smoke (“to smoke”), Dutch smoken (“to smoke”), Low German smöken (“to smoke”), German Low German smoken (“to smoke”). Related also to Old English smēocan (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), Bavarian schmuckelen (“to smell bad, reek”).

cog

He was first smoked by the old Lord Lafeu.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:

I alone / Smok'd his true person, talk'd with him.

1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

Upon that […] I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers.

1715 June 1 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 44. Saturday, May 21. [1715.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:

The squire gave him a good curse at his departure; and then turning to the parson, he cried out, "I smoke it: I smoke it. Tom is certainly the father of this bastard. […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete, transitive) To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.


peach

en-noun

peach (countable and uncountable, plural peaches)

i

from the plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">peaches</i>

→ Abenaki: biches (from the plural peaches)

→? Arapaho: biisib

→ Bengali: পীচ (pic) (probably)

→ Haida: píichas

→ Malay: pic (probably)

→? Maori: pītiti

→ Swahili: pichi (probably)

→ Thai: พีช (píit)

From Middle English peche, borrowed from Old French pesche (French pêche), Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca) from Late Latin persica, from Classical Latin mālum persicum, from Ancient Greek μᾶλον περσικόν (mâlon persikón, “Persian apple”). Displaced Middle English persogʒe, from Old English persoc, from the same Latin root above.

der

μᾶλον περσικόν

To dye one chip bonnet peach colour, put four ounces of cudbear in one gallon of water, make it boil, and put one ounce of soda in the liquor.

1854, Thomas Love, The Art of Cleaning, Dyeing, Scouring and Finishing, etc, page 242:

If the dye is for a light color such as peach, more dry dye could be used.

1990, Lila Fretz, Hooking Rugs: Storey’s Country Wisdom Bulletin, page 27:

Circle Quilt throw in peach and green

2013, Kim Eichler-Messmer, Modern Color—An Illustrated Guide to Dyeing Fabric for Modern Quilts, page 61:

peach:

(uncountable) A light yellow-red colour.


crema

Probably a malapropism of French tréma, from Ancient Greek τρῆμα (trêma, “perforation, orifice”).


coffee

en-noun

coffee (countable and uncountable, plural coffees)

coffee [from 1598] (canonical)
coffees (plural)

Tok Pisin: kopi

desc

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Gujarati: કૉફી (kŏphī)

→ Hausa: kṑfī

desctree

→ Hindi: कॉफ़ी (kŏfī), काफ़ी (kāfī), कोफ़ी (kofī), कॉफी (kŏphī), काफी (kāphī), कोफी (kophī)
→ Sanskrit: काफी (kāphī)

→ Korean: 커피 (keopi)

→ Maia: kopi

→ Marathi: काफी (kāphī)

→ Marshallese: ko̧pe

→ Navajo: gohwééh

→ Scottish Gaelic: cofaidh

→ Welsh: coffi

Conservative, Received Pronunciation, dated

Etymology tree
Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa)bor.
Ottoman Turkish قهوهbor.
Italian caffèbor.
Dutch koffiebor.
English coffee
Borrowed from Dutch koffie, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa). Doublet of café and caffè and cognate with the words for "coffee" in other major European languages, most of which are derived from the Turkish and Italian words.

etymon

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

coffee:

A pale brown color, like that of milk coffee.


coffee

Of a pale brown colour, like that of milk coffee.


stone

en-noun

stone (countable and uncountable, plural stones or (UK colloquial, as unit of mass) stone)

stones (plural)
stone (UK colloquial plural)

Sranan Tongo: ston

→ Esperanto: ŝtono

From Middle English ston, stone, stan, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).
See also West Frisian stien, Saterland Frisian Steen, Dutch steen, German Stein, Danish and Swedish sten, Norwegian stein; also Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”), Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”), στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”), Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”), Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “it hardens”)). Doublet of stein.

cog

stone:

A dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


stone

Of a dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


度

Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 石 (“rock”) + 又 (“hand”) — hand measuring a piece of rock. Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声), with 石 (OC *djaɡ) as a phonetic component. 石 is then corrupted into ⿸广廿.
Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ): phonetic 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 又.
Compare 庶 (OC *hljaɡs) and 席 (OC *ljaːɡ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-twa (“handspan”). Cognate with Tibetan མཐོ (mtho, “span; span of thumb and middle finger”), Burmese ထွာ (htwa, “to measure by a handspan; a quarter yard”), အထွာ (a.htwa, “handspan; quarter yard”), တွက် (twak, “to consider, to reckon; to calculate; to refuse to do things because others would not”), အတွက် (a.twak, “calculation; because of; for the sake of”). It is unclear whether Proto-Mon-Khmer *cɗaʔ (“span; handspan”) (whence Mon ဍ (daˀ, “to measure by spans of thumb and middle finger”)) is related. Related to 圖 (OC *daː, “to plan; to consider; plan; map”).

och-l

近視300度

近视300度

(ophthalmology) Classifier for 0.01 dioptres.

Classifier for degrees.
Classifier for 0.01 dioptres.


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kaba (romanization)

Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Wamyō Ruijushō
ja:カバノキ属

A shift from kaniwa below.
First appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.

Short for 樺色 (kabairo, “reddish yellow”).


樺

樺 (canonical)
樺 (canonical)
kanba (romanization)


樺

樺 (canonical)
kaniwa (romanization)
kanifa (romanization)
かには (hiragana historical)

John Batchelor (missionary)
Kōjien
Man'yōshū
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten
Sakhalin Ainu language
Shinmura Izuru
Wamyō Ruijushō

⟨kanipa⟩ → /kaniɸa/ → /kaniwa/
From Old Japanese 樺 (kanipa, “sakura, sakura bark”), from Ainu カリンパ (karinpa, “sakura, sakura bark”).
Found in the Man'yōshū (book 6), completed some time after 759 CE, in sense 1. Sense 2 appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.
Compare Sakhalin Ainu カリムバニ (karimba-ni, “cherry tree; Prunus pseudocerasus”) and カリムバタツ (karimba-tat, “Betula Maximowicziana”).

der

(obsolete) monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana) or its bark


柿

Early Modern Japanese
Nihon Kokugo Daijiten

From Old Japanese. First cited to a text from 770 CE.
Further derivation uncertain. Possibilities include:
: /kakayaki/ → */kakyaki/ → */kakaki/ → */kakki/ → /kaki/
:* From 輝き (kakayaki), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of Early Modern Japanese verb 輝く (kakayaku, “to shine dazzingly”, obsolete), modern kagayaku.
: /kataki/ → /kaki/
:* From 硬き (kataki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 硬い (katai, “hard (not soft)”), from the hardness of the unripened fruit.
: /akaki/ → /kaki/
:* From 赤き (akaki), the classical 連体形 (rentaikei, “attributive form”) of modern 赤い (akai, “red”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤黄 (akaki, “red-yellow”), from the color of the ripened fruit.
:* From 赤木 (akaki, “red tree”), from the color of the foliage in autumn.
While at least one reference considers the akaki derivation more likely, this kind of phonological shift, wherein the first vowel disappears, is not a common pattern in attested Japanese. That said, the kakayaki and kataki derivations are also problematic, considering the lack of any evidence for intermediary forms.

align

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橙

橙 (canonical)
橙 (canonical)
daidai (romanization)

Thought to be derived from 代代 (daidai, “many generations”), from the way bitter orange fruits never fall down, even in winter, until picked.

(by extension) Short for 橙色 (daidai-iro): the color orange


淬

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/

/t͡sʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/


滄

Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).


cardinal

en-noun

cardinal (countable and uncountable, plural cardinals)

From Middle French cardinal, from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from cardin-, cardō (“hinge”) + -ālis, adjectival suffix.

der

His uncle, a Cardinal, engages a Spanish youth of Moorish descent called Diego, an expert singer and player on the virginal, to unlock the secrets of the heart,[…]and cure him by the spell of his music.

1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 16, in Friday's Business:

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(Roman Catholicism) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope.


cardinal

fr-adj

cardinal (feminine cardinale, masculine plural cardinaux, feminine plural cardinales)

cardinale (feminine)
cardinaux (masculine plural)
cardinales (feminine plural)


कमल

kamalá (romanization)
कमलः (nominative singular)
कमलौ (dual nominative)
कमला1 (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमलासः1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमलौ (dual vocative)
कमला1 (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलासः1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमलौ (accusative dual)
कमला1 (accusative dual)
कमलान् (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)
कमला (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलाः (nominative plural)
कमले (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलाः (plural vocative)
कमलाम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलाः (accusative plural)
कमलया (instrumental singular)
कमला1 (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलाभिः (instrumental plural)
कमलायै (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलायाः (ablative singular)
कमलायै2 (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलाभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलायाः (genitive singular)
कमलायै2 (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमलायाम् (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलासु (locative plural)
कमलम् (nominative singular)
कमले (dual nominative)
कमलानि (nominative plural)
कमला1 (nominative plural)
कमल (singular vocative)
कमले (dual vocative)
कमलानि (plural vocative)
कमला1 (plural vocative)
कमलम् (accusative singular)
कमले (accusative dual)
कमलानि (accusative plural)
कमला1 (accusative plural)
कमलेन (instrumental singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dual instrumental)
कमलैः (instrumental plural)
कमलेभिः1 (instrumental plural)
कमलाय (dative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (dative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (dative plural)
कमलात् (ablative singular)
कमलाभ्याम् (ablative dual)
कमलेभ्यः (ablative plural)
कमलस्य (genitive singular)
कमलयोः (dual genitive)
कमलानाम् (genitive plural)
कमले (locative singular)
कमलयोः (dual locative)
कमलेषु (locative plural)

Uncertain. Maybe derived from the noun sense “lotus”, but Mayrhofer considers this to be unlikely.


眄

to look sideways; to look askance; to give a sidelong glance


灰

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 又 (“hand”) + 火 (“fire”) – fire that can be touched with the hand (ash). 又 has been modified to 𠂇; compare 友 (“friend”), 右 (“right”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷut ~ hwut (“ashes, dust”) (STEDT; Schuessler (2007) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wu). Compare Mizo vutᴸ, Apatani mù-bu, Manipuri ut, Northern Tujia bu³ ci².

inh

灰色


眥

(anatomy, ophthalmology) canthus; corner of the eye


矕

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mroːnʔ): phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 目 (“eye”).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mraŋ (“to look, to see”).


盲

盲 (canonical)
mō (romanization)
mau (romanization)
まう (hiragana historical)


碧

desc

→ Vietnamese: biếc (“bluish green; azure blue”)

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praɡ, *preɡ): semantic 王 (“jade”) + semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).


紺

Borrowed from Japanese 紺 (kon), from Middle Chinese 紺 (kʌmᴴ), see previous etymology for detail.

(Taiwanese Hokkien) navy blue; dark blue


綪

Han char

綪 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 女火手一月 (VFQMB), four-corner 2592₇, composition ⿰糹青 or ⿰糹靑)

女火手一月 (cangjie-input)
⿰糹青 (composition)
⿰糹靑 (composition)


綪

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/


綠

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ): semantic 糸 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).
Starostin derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwak (“leaf”), and cites Tibetan ཁྲོག་པོ (khrog po, “botanical term used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately”), Burmese ရွက် (rwak), အရွက် (a.rwak, “leaf”) as cognates. Compare also Kinnauri rāgʻ (“blue, green”).
Cognate with 菉 (“name of a plant of uncertain species”). In modern times this character gave rise to 氯 (“chlorine”).
For the sense “to cuckold”, see 綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn).

zh-l

綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn)

綠色

绿色

綠建築

绿建筑

綠住宅

绿住宅

environmentally friendly
environmentally friendly

healthy; environmentally friendly; green

綠教

绿教


緑

From Old Japanese. Originally referred to new buds and shoots, later expanding via metonymy to mean green.


紫

Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseʔ): phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 糸.

Han compound

purple; violet; dark pink (combination of red and blue colours)


紫

From Old Japanese.
Possibly a compound of 群 (mura, “gathering, group”) + 咲き (saki, “blooming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 咲く (saku), “to bloom”).

com

(colloquial) Short for 紫式部 (Murasaki Shikibu): Heian-period novelist and lady-in-waiting


紫

From 縁 (yukari, “affinity, connection”).


紫

murasachi (romanization)
むらさち (hiragana)

Related to Japanese 紫 (murasaki, “purple”)


紫

Japanese: 紫 (むらさき, murasaki)

Possibly a compound of 群 (mura, “gathering, group”) + 咲き (saki₁, “blooming”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 咲く (saku), “to bloom”).

茜さす

akane sasu, pillow word that can be an allusion to murasaki1

, text here
紫我下紐乃色尓不出戀可毛将痩相因乎無見
murasaki₁ no₂ waga sitabi₁mo no₂ iro₂ ni idezu ko₁pi₂ ka mo yasemu apu yo₂si wo nami₁


菫

ja:スミレ ja:スミレ属 ja:スミレ科


茜

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

/t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːns): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl).

Han compound

Rubia cordifolia
Rubia cordifolia#Translingual


fast

fast (indefinite singular)
faste (definite plural singular)
fastare (comparative)
fastast (indefinite superlative)
fastaste (definite superlative)

From Old Norse fastr, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology. Akin to English fast.

solid, steady, firm, fixed, permanent, stuck


蒼

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ (“to live; to be alive; to give birth; raw; green”) (STEDT). May be an old dialect variant of 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ, “green; blue”). Also cognate with 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live”), 性 (OC *sleŋs, “nature”), 姓 (OC *sleŋs, “surname”) (Schuessler, 2007).


蔥

→ Kapampangan: sang

→ Tagalog: tsang

→ Zhuang: coeng

/tʰɵŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

/tʰɵŋ³³⁻²¹⁵/

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 悤 ().
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-tsuŋ (“onion”). Cognate with Tibetan བཙོང (btsong), ཙོང (tsong, “onion, scallion”).

Han compound

葱
葱
𦯎
䓗
菍
𦴜
𧁗
𢚱
𦹎
葱
葱

green onion; spring onion; scallion (Classifier: 根 m; 棵 m; 把 m; 捆 m; 條／条 c; 樖 c; 紮／扎 c; 叢／丛 mn)


藍

CJKV/code

Sino-Xenic (藍):
* → Japanese: 藍(らん) (ran)
* → Korean: 람(藍) (ram)
* → Vietnamese: lam (藍)

desc

→ Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ŋglam ~ ŋgram (“indigo”)

White Hmong: nkaj

→ Proto-Tai: *g.raːmᴬ (“indigo”)

Thai: คราม (kraam)

Lao: ຄາມ (khām)

Zhuang: gyaemq (“purple-red”)

→ Proto-Tai: *kromꟲ (“indigo”)

Thai: ฮ่อม (hɔ̂ɔm)

Zhuang: romj, goromj

→? Proto-Vietic: *ɟaːm (“indigo”)

Muong: chàm

Vietnamese: chàm

→ Khmer: ត្រុំ (trom)

→ Zhuang: lamz

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm): semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.
Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).

cog

Burmese ခရမ်း (hka.ram:, “purple, violet”)

Blue is obtained from the indigo plant but is bluer than the plant itself.

青，取之於藍，而青於藍。

青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝。

Indigofera tinctoria
Indigofera tinctoria#Translingual


藍

the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria


藍

ja-noun

藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) • (ai) ^(←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?)

藍 (canonical)
藍 (canonical)
ai (romanization)
awi (romanization)
あゐ (hiragana historical)
アヰ (hiragana historical)

/awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.
There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to 青 (awo → ao, “blue”):
* May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro → aoiro):
*: ⟨awoiro₂⟩ → /awoirə/ → /awɨrə/ → /airo/ → /ai/
* May be a fusion of 青 (awo → ao) and い (i, emphatic particle)
*: */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
* May be derived from a compound of 青 (awo → ao) + 居 (wi → i, “there is”), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:
*: /awowi/ → */awːɨ/ → /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

藍蝋: indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid

the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants

Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid


藍

藍 (canonical)
Ai (romanization)
Awi (romanization)
あゐ (hiragana historical)


紅

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːŋ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) could be a variant of 紅 (OC *ɡoːŋ) (Schuessler, 2007). May be related to 虹 (OC *kroːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, “rainbow”).
Originally referred to lighter shades of red; gradually replaced 赤 (chì, “red”) as the basic color term for "red".

Han compound

紅色／红色

紅茶／红茶

紅包／红包

紅綠色盲／红绿色盲

紅軍／红军

又紅又專／又红又专 ― yòuhóngyòuzhuān ― to have a procommunist mindset along with professional skill

(figurative) revolutionary; Communist; Red


紅

ja-pos

紅(くれない) • (Kurenai) ^(←くれなゐ (Kurenawi)?)

紅 (canonical)
Kurenai (romanization)
Kurenawi (romanization)
くれなゐ (hiragana historical)

⟨kure no₂ awi⟩ → /kurenawi/ → /kurenai/
From Old Japanese.
Shift from 呉の藍 (Kure no ai), itself a compound of 呉 (Kure, “China”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 藍 (ai, “indigo → dye”)). The safflower, from which the crimson dye was extracted, was brought to Japan from China.


紅

*/peni/ → /beni/
First attested in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.
Shift from *heni, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE) with the original sense of "rouge".
The ni is definitely 丹 (ni, “red earth, cinnabar”), while the initial pe/be remains uncertain.


紅

Alternative spelling for 赤 (aka, “red”).


紅

From 揉み (momi, “kneading”, stem form of verb momu), by extension from the kneading of cloth during the dyeing process.


紅

ja-pos

紅(こう) • (Kō)


茶

→ Ainu: チャ (ca)

→ Nivkh: ча (ț’a)

→ Yonaguni: サー (sa:)

From various lects of Middle Chinese 茶 (MC drae). Compare Mandarin 茶 (chá), Hakka 茶 (chhà), Cantonese 茶 (caa⁴). Doublet of チャイ (chai).


couleur

From Old French color, from Latin color, colōrem.


flor

English: floor

desc

Scots: flure, fluir, flair, fleur, fleer

From Old English flōr, from Proto-West Germanic *flōru, *flōr, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂ros.

whos wynewing cloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 3:12, page 2r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

His winnowing fan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.

A flat area or platform (often for preparation)


rot

From Middle High German rōt (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German rōt (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Cognate with German rot, Dutch rood, English red, West Frisian read, Danish rød.