stygian

en-adj

stygian (comparative more stygian, superlative most stygian)

more stygian (comparative)
most stygian (superlative)

From Latin stygius, from Ancient Greek Στύγιος (Stúgios, “relating to Styx”), from Στύξ (Stúx, “Styx, chief river of underworld”).

uder

Alternative form of Stygian (“of or relating to the river Styx”)

The things which the Stygian darkness hid from my objective eye […]

1913 January–May, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Gods of Mars”, in The All-Story, New York, N.Y.: Frank A. Munsey Co., →OCLC; republished as The Gods of Mars, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., 1918 September, →OCLC, page 184:

(vision, of a perceived color) Having a luminosity below 0%.


blank

af-adj

blank (attributive blanke, comparative blanker, superlative blankste)

blanke (attributive)
blanker (comparative)
blankste (superlative)


presbyopia

en-noun

presbyopia (usually uncountable, plural presbyopias)

From New Latin presbyōpia, from Ancient Greek πρέσβυς (présbus, “old man”), and New Latin -ōpia (“vision problem”), from Ancient Greek ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”). By surface analysis, presby- + -opia.

der

(pathology) Inability of the eye, due to ageing, to focus on nearby objects.

قُصُوُّ البَصَرِ الشَيْخُوخِيّ

inability of the eye, due to ageing, to focus on nearby objects


paprika

en-noun

paprika (countable and uncountable, plural paprikas)

Borrowed from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar, from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), from Indo-Aryan; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). Akin to paprikash.

cog

California is taking the lead, producing a paprika that is more standardized and more uniformly available than the European growers offer.

1995, Jean Andrews, Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums, →ISBN, page 73:

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

(uncountable) Powdered spice made from dried and ground fruits of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper (cultivars of Capsicum annuum), or mixtures of these (used especially in Hungarian cooking).

Using the trio of paprikas gives more flavour than you'd get using a single paprika.

2011, Heidi Swan, Super Natural Evey Day, →ISBN:

strings of red paprikas hang outside to dry in the autumn

2003, Jonathan Bousfield, Rough Guide to Croatia, →ISBN, page 123:

(countable, rare, commonly called "dried [bell/chilli] peppers" or "dried capsicums") A dried but not yet ground fruit of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper sold for use as a spice.

paprika:

A bright reddish orange colour resembling that of the ground spice.


paprika

en-adj

paprika (comparative more paprika, superlative most paprika)

more paprika (comparative)
most paprika (superlative)

Of a bright reddish orange colour, like that of the dried paprika.


paprika

From English paprika, borrowed from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar, from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), from Indo-Aryan; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”).

paprika; powdered spice made from dried and ground fruits of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper (cultivars of Capsicum annuum), or mixtures of these


paprika

having a bright reddish orange colour, like that of the dried paprika


ophthalmology

en-noun

ophthalmology (countable and uncountable, plural ophthalmologies)

/ˌɒfθælˈmɒləd͡ʒi/

/ˌɒpθælˈmɒləd͡ʒi/

He will reproach himself for having been the victim of some of these liabilities, but for others, like his cataract or the bad illumination, he will express regret but not remorse. That is, some of the explanations that he will give for some of his mistakes and failures will be of the same sort as the explanations he would give for his mistakes and failures in counting or multiplying, but some will be of quite different sorts, like the explanations that he couches in the terms of elementary ophthalmology or optics.

1954, Gilbert Ryle, “dilemma vii: Perception”, in Dilemmas: The Tarner Lectures, 1953, The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press, page 97:

(medicine) The anatomy, functions, pathology, and treatment of the eye.


downcast

en-adj

downcast (comparative more downcast, superlative most downcast)

more downcast (comparative)
most downcast (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English doun-casten, *adoun-casten (“(adjective) cast down, dejected; (verb) to break down (something); to overcome (someone); to overturn (something)”), from down (“in a downward direction; (figurative) to destruction”), adoun (“downward”) + casten (“to throw (something), fling, hurl; to overcome (someone), defeat, overpower; [etc.]”) (from Old Norse kasta (“to cast, throw”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw”), from *kas- (“to throw, toss; to bring up”); further etymology uncertain), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English such as adoun-throwen (“to throw down”) and adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)). The English word is analysable as down- (prefix meaning ‘lower direction or position’) + cast (“that has been thrown”, adjective).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

prefix

Of a person or thing: defeated, overthrown; also, destroyed, ruined.


biscuit

en-noun

biscuit (countable and uncountable, plural biscuits)

Tok Pisin: bisket

→ Bengali: বিস্কুট (biskuṭ)

→ Burmese: ဘီစကွတ် (bhica.kwat)

→ Cebuano: biskuwít, biskwit

→ Fiji Hindi: biskut

→ Gujarati: બિસ્કિટ (biskiṭ)

→ Hausa: bìskît

desc

ביסקוויט//בִּיסְקְוִיט

→ Hebrew: ביסקוויט／בִּיסְקְוִיט (bískvit)

→ Hiligaynon: biskwit

desctree

→ Hindi: बिस्कुट (biskuṭ)
→ Jarawa: biskuʈ (“biscuit”)

→ Indonesian: beskit, biskit

→ Japanese: ビスケット (bisuketto)

→ Korean: 비스켓 (biseuket)

→ Malay: biskut

→ Marshallese: petkōj

→ Punjabi: ਬਿਸਕੁਟ (biskuṭ)

→⇒ Scottish Gaelic: briosgaid

→ Spanish: bísquet, bísquete

→ Swahili: biskuti

→ Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠍꠇꠥꠐ (bisókuṭ)

→ Tagalog: biskuwit

→ Thai: บิสกิต (bís-gìt)

→ Urdu: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)
→ Ushojo: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)

→ Yoruba: bisikíìtì

→ Zulu: bhisikidi

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From earlier bisket, from Middle English bisquyte, from Old French bescuit (French biscuit); doublet of biscotto.

biscuit:


asparagus

en-noun

asparagus (plural asparagus or asparaguses or asparagusses or asparagi)

asparagus (plural)
asparaguses (plural)
asparagusses (plural)
asparagi (plural)

/əˈspæɹ.ə.ɡəs/

/əˈspæɹ.ə.ɡəs/

/əˈspɛɹ.ə.ɡəs/

Borrowed from Medieval Latin asparagus, sparagus, from Ancient Greek ἀσπάραγος (aspáragos), variant of ἀσφάραγος (aspháragos). Displaced Old English eorþnafola.

Any of various perennial plants of the genus Asparagus having leaflike stems, scalelike leaves, and small flowers.


blua

eo-head

blua (accusative singular bluan, plural bluaj, accusative plural bluajn)

bluan (accusative singular)
bluaj (plural)
bluajn (accusative plural)

From French bleu, Italian blu, and English blue, all ultimately from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz. Compare German blau, Dutch blauw, Yiddish בלוי (bloy), Swedish blå, Greek μπλε (ble).


murg

From Proto-Albanian *murga, from *morHgʷo, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)merHgʷ- (compare Old English mierce (“darkness”), Lithuanian márgas (“multicolored”), Ancient Greek ἀμορβός (amorbós, “dark”)).


blanka

blanka (accusative singular blankan, plural blankaj, accusative plural blankajn)

blankan (accusative singular)
blankaj (plural)
blankajn (accusative plural)

Common Romance (French blanc, Italian bianco, Spanish blanco). Perhaps also influenced by Polish biały, Russian бе́лый (bélyj).

En okcidenta civilizo, nur la fianĉino devas porti blankan robon ĉe nupto.

In Western society, only the bride should wear a white dress at a wedding.


blanka

lad-adj

blanka (Latin spelling, masculine blanko)


pupil

From Middle English pupille, from Old French pupille, from Latin pūpilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”), named because of the small reflected image seen when looking into someone's eye.

der

There are sharks with round pupils, sharks with slitlike pupils, and some with pupils that expand and contract with the amount of light available. As unimpressive as this might sound to people who are used to having their pupils dilate and contract regularly, realize that no bony fish has this modification of the eye.

1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 29:

(anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.

pupil

the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye

das Schwarze im Auge

colloquial; sometimes including the iris


twenty-twenty

From a method of testing vision by reading charts at a distance of 20 feet.

All I want is 20/20 vision / A total portrait with no omissions

1978, “Picture This”, in Debbie Harry (lyrics), Parallel Lines, performed by Blondie:


pinkeye

en-noun

pinkeye (usually uncountable, plural pinkeyes)

A highly contagious form of conjunctivitis.


rosso

it-adj

rosso (feminine rossa, masculine plural rossi, feminine plural rosse)

rossa (feminine)
rossi (masculine plural)
rosse (feminine plural)

From Latin russus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Cognate with Latin rosa.

[…] Ed ei mi disse: «Il foco etterno ¶ ch'entro l'affoca le dimostra rosse, ¶ come tu vedi in questo basso inferno».

1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto VIII”, in Inferno [Hell], lines 73–75; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate], 2ⁿᵈ revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

And he to me: "The fire eternal that kindles them within makes them look red, as thou beholdest in this nether Hell".


rosso

Ond' io a lui: «Lo strazio e 'l grande scempio ¶ che fece l'Arbia colorata in rosso, ¶ tal orazion fa far nel nostro tempio».

1321, Dante Alighieri, La divina commedia: Inferno [The Divine Comedy: Hell], 12th edition (paperback), Le Monnier, published 1994, Canto X, page 158, lines 85–87:

Whence I to him: "The slaughter and great carnage ¶ which have with crimson stained the Arbia, cause ¶ such orisons in our temple to be made."

(metonymically, sometimes derogatory) a Socialist or Communist


blinda

eo-head

blinda (accusative singular blindan, plural blindaj, accusative plural blindajn)

blindan (accusative singular)
blindaj (plural)
blindajn (accusative plural)

Of Germanic origin; related to Dutch blind and German blind.


blinda

is-noun

blinda f (genitive singular blindu, no plural)

blindu (genitive singular)
blinda (indefinite nominative singular)
blindan (definite nominative singular)
blindu (accusative indefinite singular)
blinduna (accusative definite singular)
blindu (dative indefinite singular)
blindunni (dative definite singular)
blindu (genitive indefinite singular)
blindunnar (definite genitive singular)


blinda

blindar (present)
blinda (past)
blinda (participle past)
blindast (infinitive passive)
blindande (participle present)
blinda (imperative)
blind (imperative)

From Old Norse blinda. Akin to English blind.


blinda

non-conj-blank-full

Conjugation of blinda — active (weak class 1)

Conjugation of blinda — mediopassive (weak class 1)

non-conj-blank-full

Conjugation of blinda — active (weak class 2)

Conjugation of blinda — mediopassive (weak class 2)

non-conj-table

blinda (infinitive)
blindandi (participle present)
blindr (participle past)
blindi (first-person present singular)
blinda (first-person past singular)
blindir (present second-person singular)
blindir (past second-person singular)
blindir (present singular third-person)
blindi (past singular third-person)
blindum (first-person plural present)
blindum (first-person past plural)
blindið (plural present second-person)
blinduð (past plural second-person)
blinda (plural present third-person)
blindu (past plural third-person)
blinda (first-person present singular)
blindi (present singular third-person)
blindim (first-person plural present)
blindim (first-person past plural)
blindið (past plural second-person)
blindi (plural present third-person)
blindi (past plural third-person)
blind (present second-person singular)
blindi (present second-person singular)
blindask (infinitive)
blindandisk (participle present)
blindzk (participle past)
blindumk (first-person present singular)
blindumk (first-person past singular)
blindisk (present second-person singular)
blindisk (past second-person singular)
blindisk (present singular third-person)
blindisk (past singular third-person)
blindumsk (first-person plural present)
blindumsk (first-person past plural)
blindizk (plural present second-person)
blinduzk (past plural second-person)
blindask (plural present third-person)
blindusk (past plural third-person)
blindimsk (first-person plural present)
blindimsk (first-person past plural)
blindizk (past plural second-person)
blindisk (plural present third-person)
blindisk (past plural third-person)
blindsk (present second-person singular)
blinda (infinitive)
blindandi (participle present)
blindaðr (participle past)
blinda (first-person present singular)
blindaða (first-person past singular)
blindar (present second-person singular)
blindaðir (past second-person singular)
blindar (present singular third-person)
blindaði (past singular third-person)
blindum (first-person plural present)
blinduðum (first-person past plural)
blindið (plural present second-person)
blinduðuð (past plural second-person)
blinda (plural present third-person)
blinduðu (past plural third-person)
blindir (present second-person singular)
blindi (present singular third-person)
blindim (first-person plural present)
blindaðim (first-person past plural)
blindaðið (past plural second-person)
blindi (plural present third-person)
blindaði (past plural third-person)
blinda (present second-person singular)
blindask (infinitive)
blindandisk (participle present)
blindazk (participle past)
blindumk (first-person present singular)
blinduðumk (first-person past singular)
blindask (present second-person singular)
blindaðisk (past second-person singular)
blindask (present singular third-person)
blindaðisk (past singular third-person)
blindumsk (first-person plural present)
blinduðumsk (first-person past plural)
blindizk (plural present second-person)
blinduðuzk (past plural second-person)
blindask (plural present third-person)
blinduðusk (past plural third-person)
blindisk (present second-person singular)
blindisk (present singular third-person)
blindimsk (first-person plural present)
blindaðimsk (first-person past plural)
blindaðizk (past plural second-person)
blindisk (plural present third-person)
blindaðisk (past plural third-person)

Icelandic: blinda

Norwegian Nynorsk: blinda, blinde


gallery

From Middle English galery, gallerye, from Middle French galerie, gallerie, from Old French galerie, gallerie (“a long portico, a gallery”), from Medieval Latin galeria (“gallery”), perhaps an alteration of galilea (“church porch”), probably from Latin Galilaea, Galilee, region of Palestine. More at Galilee.

A part of a monocle–a projection off the ring holding the lens–which helps secure the monocle in the eye socket.


heliotrope

en-noun

heliotrope (countable and uncountable, plural heliotropes)

PIE word
 *sóh₂wl̥
The noun is borrowed from French héliotrope, from Latin hēliotropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”), from Ancient Greek ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (hēliotrópion, “European heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum); bloodstone; solar clock, sundial”), from ἥλῐος (hḗlios, “the sun”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“the sun”)) + τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”) (from τρέπω (trépō, “to rotate; to turn”) (from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns from verbs)) + -ῐον (-ion, diminutive suffix forming nouns).
The French-derived spelling displaced Middle English elitrope, eliotropius, elitropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”) [and other forms], from Old English eliotropus, from Latin hēliotropium (see above); and Old English siġelhweorfa, sōlsece, and sunnfolgend (“heliotrope flower”).
Sense 6 (“synonym of bloodstone”) is from the fact that a piece of the mineral placed in water is said to change the sun’s rays to a blood-red colour: see the 1601 quotation.
The adjective is probably derived from the noun.

ref

From the B. A. Colonna collection, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A.

nb...

eliscrope, eliotropia, elitrepie, elitropius

garden heliotrope

Heliotropium arborescens or Valeriana officinalis

As they entered now, it seemed a blaze of roses and carnations, though one recognised in a moment the presence of the lily, the heliotrope, and the stock.

1870, B[enjamin] Disraeli, chapter XXIX, in Lothair. […], volume III, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 326:

Here's newyearspray, the posquiflor, a windaborne and heliotrope; there miriamsweet and amaranth and marygold to crown.

1939 May 4, James Joyce, Finnegans Wake, London: Faber and Faber Limited, →OCLC; republished London: Faber & Faber Limited, 1960, →OCLC, part III, page 561:

(countable, botany, also figuratively) A plant with flowers which turn to face and follow the sun, such as (archaic) marigolds and sunflowers.

(specifically) A plant of the genus Heliotropium, especially the common heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) which has clusters of purple flowers with a strong fragrance.

heliotrooppi

plant of the genus Heliotropium; any of various plants resembling those of the genus Heliotropium

He had lost his affable smile, and wore a look of almost military resolution; […] he had always smelt so much more of heliotrope than of gunpowder.

1881, Henry James, Jr., chapter XLIII, in The Portrait of a Lady, New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC, page 381:

Ransacking the drawers of the dresser he came upon a discarded, tiny, ragged handkerchief. He pressed it to his face. It was racy and insolent with heliotrope; he hurled it to the floor.

1906 April, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “The Furnished Room”, in The Four Million, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co, →OCLC, page 246:

(uncountable) The fragrance of Heliotropium arborescens flowers, or a scent resembling this fragrance.

heliotroopin tuoksu

fragrance of Heliotropium arborescens flowers; scent resembling this fragrance

heliotrope:

Kit woke to see looming over him the face of Dr. Willi Dingkopf, framed by a haircut in violation of more than one law of physics, and a vivid necktie in fuchsia, heliotrope, and duck green, a gift from one of the patients, […]

2006, Thomas Pynchon, “Bilocations”, in Against the Day, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 623:

(uncountable) A light purple or violet colour like that of Heliotropium arborescens flowers.

светловиолетов

(signalling):

(surveying):

(countable) An instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight for purposes such as signalling, or (surveying) triangulation (where the reflected light is detected by another surveyor positioned some distance away).

heliotrooppi

instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight for purposes such as signalling or triangulation


heliotrope

en-adj

heliotrope (comparative more heliotrope, superlative most heliotrope)

more heliotrope (comparative)
most heliotrope (superlative)

"Lady in a heliotrope dress with a lace collar, three flounces on the skirt?" / "That's right, Mr. Bennett," agreed old Goslin. / "It's the Babe himself!" asserted Harry Bennett.

1904, Jerome K[lapka] Jerome, “Story the Sixth: ‘The Babe’ Applies for Shares”, in Tommy and Co., 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: Langton and Hall, →OCLC, page 232:

There was a ten-mile stretch of level ground, blown hard as rock, from which the sustenance had been bleached, for not a spear of grass grew there. And following that was a tortuous passage through a weird region of clay dunes, blue and violet and heliotrope and lavender, all worn smooth by rain and wind.

1917 January, Zane Grey, chapter VI, in Wildfire, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 78:

Of a light purple or violet colour like that of Heliotropium arborescens flowers.

heliotroopin värinen

of a light purple or violet colour like that of Heliotropium arborescens flowers


bruna

eo-head

bruna (accusative singular brunan, plural brunaj, accusative plural brunajn)

brunan (accusative singular)
brunaj (plural)
brunajn (accusative plural)

bruna:


bordo

pl-adj

bordo (not comparable, no derived adverb)

bordo:

bordeaux, claret (having a dark red color tinged with purple, like that of Bordeaux (red) wine)


bordo

bordeaux (dark red color tinged with purple, like that of Burgundy (red) wine)

Bordeaux (wine coming from Bordeaux in France)


mermaid

From Middle English mermayde (“maid of the sea”), from mere (“sea, lake”) + maid, equivalent to mer- + maid. Cognate with Dutch meermeid (“mermaid”), Middle High German mermaget, mermeit (“mermaid”, > German Meermagd, Meermädchen (“mermaid”)). Compare Old English meremenn, meremennen, meremenin (“mermaid, siren”).

inh

a mermaid smoothie

mermaid ice-cream

(as a modifier) Coloured a brilliant turquoise.


eyed

From Middle English eyed, eied, iȝed, y-yȝed, equivalent to eye + -ed.

The familiar hatchery practice of agitating the eggs after they are eyed, called shocking or addling, ruptures the yolk membranes of the ever-tender sterile eggs. The result is a precipitation of the globulin and a whitening of the egg.

1980, Earl Leitritz with Robert C[onklin] Lewis, Trout and Salmon Culture (Hatchery Methods) [California Fish Bulletin; 164], Oakland, Calif.: University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, →ISBN, page 24:

The back of the beetle was eyed to make it appear to be a snake to a predator.

What mean you, sir, / To give them this discomfort? Look, they weep; / And I, an ass, am onion-eyed: for shame, / Transform us not to women.

c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

Unseen descending weigh my light wings upon balmy flowers, / And court the fair eyed dew to take me to her shining tent.

1789, William Blake, The Book of Thel, II, lines 55-6:

That she had all the abstracted and nervous manner of one who is on the eve of some bold and hazardous step, which it has required no common struggle to resolve upon, would have been obvious to the lynx-eyed Fagin […]

1838, Charles Dickens, chapter 39, in Oliver Twist:

Gray and blue-eyed parents will tend to have either gray-eyed children only or an equal number of gray- and of blue-eyed children according as the gray-eyed parent is homozygous or heterozygous.

1901 November 7, Gertrude C. Davenport and Charles C. Davenport, “Heredity of Eye-color in Man”, in Science, New Series, MacMillan, Volume 26, Number 670, page 592

Three victims in chains—and one of them, the little servant, the sad-eyed angel.

1960, Elie Wiesel, translated by Stella Rodway, Night, New York: Bantam, published 1986, page 61:

(in compounds) Having the specified kind or number of eyes.


eyed

English: eyed


lai

Uncertain. Compare Romanian lai, Albanian ljaj.


lai

ro-adj

lai m or n (feminine singular laie, plural lăi)

laie (feminine singular)
lăi (plural)
lai (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
laie (feminine indefinite singular)
lăi (indefinite masculine plural)
lăi (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
laiul (definite masculine neuter singular)
laia (definite feminine singular)
lăii (definite masculine plural)
lăile (definite feminine neuter plural)
lăi (feminine indefinite singular)
laiului (definite masculine neuter singular)
lăii (definite feminine singular)
lăilor (definite masculine plural)
lăilor (definite feminine neuter plural)

Uncertain. Several explanations exist. One derives it from Albanian ljaj, itself possibly from Latin flavus, but this is uncertain, and it may be that the Albanian is derived from Proto-Romanian (or Aromanian- compare the cognate laiu, lae in this language). Other theories suggest a Romanian root *gălai, from Latin galla or alternatively an etymology from labes (“fault, defect”), extending the meaning to "spot" and hence, "black" or "dark", but as it is a secondary meaning in Latin, this is not very likely. A more likely explanation may be a relation to the verb la (“to wash”), as lai is used mostly to describe the natural color of wool resulting from washing (compare the similar secondary senses of Spanish crudo, French écru).

(popular) black (or black mixed with white), gray


apple of the eye

en-noun

apple of the eye (plural apples of the eye)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-apple of the eye.wav

From Middle English appel of the eyȝe, appel of þe ye, perhaps dissimilated from Middle English ij appel (literally “eye-apple”). More at eye-apple.

der

The pupil, or pupil and iris, of the eye, originally believed to be spherical; also, the eyeball.


nero

→ Greek: νέρος (néros)

negro

part archaic, part borrowed from Spanish


heteronymous

en-adj

heteronymous (comparative more heteronymous, superlative most heteronymous)

more heteronymous (comparative)
most heteronymous (superlative)

(ophthalmology) Heteronymous hemianopsia (blindness in the left side of one eye and the right side of the other eye)


strabismus

en-noun

strabismus (usually uncountable, plural strabismuses)

Borrowed from New Latin strabismus, from Ancient Greek στραβισμός (strabismós), from στραβίζω (strabízō, “to squint”), from στραβός (strabós, “squinting”) (whence the synonymous Latin strabus).

A defect of vision in which one eye cannot focus with the other on an object because of imbalance of the eye muscles; a squint.


salmone

salmon (having a pale pinkish-orange colour/color)


oatmeal

oatmeal (usually uncountable, plural oatmeals)

From Middle English otemele, from ote (“oat”) + mele (“meal, coarse-ground grains”). Equivalent to oat + meal.

A breakfast cereal made from rolled oats, cooked in milk and/or water.

вівся́не бо́рошно n (vivsjáne bórošno, literally “oat flour”)

oatmeal:

A light greyish brown colour, like that of oatmeal.


oatmeal

Boldly patterned textiles in oatmeal tones with a woven design in a strongly contrasting colour can be used alike for upholstery and as a wall hanging […]

Of a light greyish brown colour, like that of oatmeal


blaze orange

blaze orange:


sur

ro-adj

sur m or n (feminine singular sură, masculine plural suri, feminine and neuter plural sure)

sură (feminine singular)
suri (masculine plural)
sure (feminine neuter plural)
sur (indefinite masculine neuter singular)
sură (feminine indefinite singular)
suri (indefinite masculine plural)
sure (feminine indefinite neuter plural)
surul (definite masculine neuter singular)
sura (definite feminine singular)
surii (definite masculine plural)
surele (definite feminine neuter plural)
sure (feminine indefinite singular)
surului (definite masculine neuter singular)
surei (definite feminine singular)
surelor (definite masculine plural)
surilor (definite feminine neuter plural)

Most likely from a Slavic language. Compare Bulgarian сур (sur), Serbo-Croatian sur. A less likely etymology connects it to Latin syrus, or links it with Italian soro.


pastel

en-noun

pastel (countable and uncountable, plural pastels)

Borrowed from French pastel, from Italian pastello (“pastel”), from Medieval Latin pastellum (“dough, paste”), from Latin pasta (“dough, paste”), ultimately from Ancient Greek πάστη (pástē, “dough, paste”). Doublet of pastegh, pastiglia, pastila, pastilla, and pastille.

doublet

Wool was dyed in the pastel vat.


pastel

pl-noun

pastel m inan (related adjective pastelowy)

pastelowy (adjective)
pastel (nominative singular)
pastele (nominative plural)
pastelu (genitive singular)
pasteli (genitive plural)
pastelów (genitive plural)
pastelowi (dative singular)
pastelom (dative plural)
pastel (accusative singular)
pastele (accusative plural)
pastelem (instrumental singular)
pastelami (instrumental plural)
pastelu (locative singular)
pastelach (locative plural)
pastelu (singular vocative)
pastele (plural vocative)

pastel (any of several subdued tints of colors, usually associated with pink, peach, yellow, green, blue, and lavender)


mor

From Ottoman Turkish مور (mor). See it for more.


optical

en-adj

optical (comparative more optical, superlative most optical)

more optical (comparative)
most optical (superlative)

Strabismus is an optical defect.


purblind

purblind (comparative more purblind, superlative most purblind)

more purblind (comparative)
most purblind (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English purblind (“(adjective) completely blind; blind in one eye; near-sighted; (noun) near-sighted animal, specifically a hare”) [and other forms], possibly from pur, pure (“completely, entirely”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pewH- (“to be clean; pure”); influenced by pur- (prefix meaning ‘completely; forward; in advance’)) + blind (“sightless, blind”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to blend, mix up; to make cloudy or opaque”)).
Sense 4.1 (“completely blind”) was the original sense. The senses denoting partial blindness are possibly the result of confusion of the first element pur- with poor, perhaps through folk etymology. (Compare parboil regarding per versus pars.)
The noun and verb are derived from the adjective.

nb...

poreblind, pore blynde, pur blind, purblinde, purblynd, purblynde, purblyynd, pure blynde

der

Thy dignitie or autorite, wherin thou onely differest from other, is (as it were) but a weighty or heuy cloke, fresshely gliteringe in the eyen of them that be poreblynde, where unto the it is paynefull, if thou weare hym in his right facion, and as it shal best become the.

1531, Thomas Elyot, “The Thre Noble Counsayles of Reason, Societe, and Knowlege”, in Ernest Rhys, editor, The Boke Named the Governour […] (Everyman’s Library), London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent & Co; New York, N.Y.: E[dward] P[ayson] Dutton & Co, published [1907], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 203:

And when thou hast on foot the purblind hare, / Mark the poor wretch, to overshoot his troubles, / How he outruns the wind, and with what care, / He cranks and crosses with a thousand doubles: […]

1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 114], lines [679–682]; republished as Shakespeare’s Venus & Adonis: […], London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent and Co. […], 1896, →OCLC, verse 114, page 41, lines 679–682:

[H]e vvent into one of the boxes at the play-houſe, as uſual, to ſhevv himſelf to the ladies; and in reconnoitring the company through a glaſs, (for no other reaſon, but becauſe it vvas faſhionable to be purblind) perceived his miſtreſs very plainly dreſſed, in one of the ſeats above the ſtage, talking to another young vvoman of a very homely appearance.

1751, [Tobias] Smollett, “The Young Gentleman Having Settled His Domestick Affairs, Arrives in London, and Sets Up a Gay Equipage. He Meets with Emilia, and is Introduced to Her Uncle.”, in The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume III, London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC, page 12:

They […] ate the messes compounded for them in a darksome cupboard, known as the kitchen, by old Nanon the cook, purblind, stone-deaf, and all but imbecile, and popularly supposed to be the venerable mother of Madame Magnotte.

1868, [Mary Elizabeth Braddon], “Lenoble of Beaubocage”, in Charlotte’s Inheritance […], volume I, London: Ward, Lock, and Tyler […], →OCLC, book I (De Profundis), page 2:

[T]here were shown in to us an old, worn, purblind, ascetic-looking priest, […]

1891 February–December, Robert Louis Stevenson, “Hatiheu”, in In the South Seas […], New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1896, →OCLC, part I (The Marquesas), page 63:

Of a person: having impaired vision; partially blind; dim-sighted.

অন্ধপ্রায়

of a person: having impaired vision; partially blind — see also dim-sighted


squint

Derived from asquint (“obliquely, with a sidelong glance”).

Looking obliquely; having the vision distorted.


valge

head

valge (genitive valge, partitive valget, comparative valgem, superlative kõige valgem or valgeim)

valge (genitive)
valget (partitive)
valgem (comparative)
kõige valgem (superlative)
valgeim (superlative)
valge (nominative singular)
valged (nominative plural)
valge (accusative nominative singular)
valged (accusative nominative plural)
valge (accusative genitive singular)
valged (accusative genitive plural)
valge (genitive singular)
valgete (genitive plural)
valget (partitive singular)
valgeid (partitive plural)
valgesse (illative singular)
valgetesse (illative plural)
valgeisse (illative plural)
valges (inessive singular)
valgetes (inessive plural)
valgeis (inessive plural)
valgest (elative singular)
valgetest (elative plural)
valgeist (elative plural)
valgele (allative singular)
valgetele (allative plural)
valgeile (allative plural)
valgel (adessive singular)
valgetel (adessive plural)
valgeil (adessive plural)
valgelt (ablative singular)
valgetelt (ablative plural)
valgeilt (ablative plural)
valgeks (singular translative)
valgeteks (plural translative)
valgeiks (plural translative)
valgeni (singular terminative)
valgeteni (plural terminative)
valgena (essive singular)
valgetena (essive plural)
valgeta (abessive singular)
valgeteta (abessive plural)
valgega (comitative singular)
valgetega (comitative plural)

pime

antonym(s) of “light, bright, illuminated”

From Proto-Finnic *valkëda, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *wëlketa, from *walke or *wïlki (“light”). Cognate with Finnish valkea, Livonian vālda, Votic valkõa, Ingrian valkia, Karelian valgie, Livvi valgei, Ludian valged, Veps vauged, Northern Sami vielgat (from Proto-Samic *vielkëtē) and Eastern Mari волгыдо (volgydo, “light, brightness”); possibly also Erzya валдо (valdo, “light”), Moksha валда (valda, “light”) and Hungarian villám (“lightning”), világ (“light”).

cog

valge suveöö

Väljas on veel valge.

Related to the counterrevolutionary White movement during the Russian Civil War.


valge

head

valge (genitive valge, partitive valget)

valge (genitive)
valget (partitive)
valge (nominative singular)
valged (nominative plural)
valge (accusative nominative singular)
valged (accusative nominative plural)
valge (accusative genitive singular)
valged (accusative genitive plural)
valge (genitive singular)
valgete (genitive plural)
valget (partitive singular)
valgeid (partitive plural)
valgesse (illative singular)
valgetesse (illative plural)
valgeisse (illative plural)
valges (inessive singular)
valgetes (inessive plural)
valgeis (inessive plural)
valgest (elative singular)
valgetest (elative plural)
valgeist (elative plural)
valgele (allative singular)
valgetele (allative plural)
valgeile (allative plural)
valgel (adessive singular)
valgetel (adessive plural)
valgeil (adessive plural)
valgelt (ablative singular)
valgetelt (ablative plural)
valgeilt (ablative plural)
valgeks (singular translative)
valgeteks (plural translative)
valgeiks (plural translative)
valgeni (singular terminative)
valgeteni (plural terminative)
valgena (essive singular)
valgetena (essive plural)
valgeta (abessive singular)
valgeteta (abessive plural)
valgega (comitative singular)
valgetega (comitative plural)

Perenaine tõusis enne valget ja tegi hommikusöögi valmis.

The housewife got up at the break of dawn and prepared breakfast.

Lõuna-Aafrika valged

A person having light skin, belonging to the Caucasian race.

valgekaartlane

a person belonging to the White movement

A person belonging to the counterrevolutionary White movement during the Russian Civil War.


optical illusion

en-noun

optical illusion (plural optical illusions)

Each show spans over 180 minutes, including 40-plus songs from at least nine albums; there are 16 costume changes, pyrotechnics, an optical illusion in which she appears to dive into the stage and swim, and not one but two cottagecore worlds, which feature an abundance of moss.

2023 December 6, Sam Lansky, “Person of Year 2023 : Taylor Swift”, in Time:

An image that is visually deceptive or misleading.


ogle

17th century. Probably from Low German ögeln (“to ogle, to flirt with one's eyes”), from Middle Low German ö̂gelen, frequentative of Middle Low German ö̂gen, from Old Saxon ōgian, from Proto-West Germanic *augijan (“to show”). Alternatively from an equivalent Dutch *ogelen, but this seems unattested (only the simplex ogen). In both cases equivalent to English eye + -le.

der

Will you take a varder at the cartz on the feely-omi in the naf strides: the one with the bona blue ogles polarying the omi-palone with a vogue on and a cod sheitel.

1997, James Gardiner, Who's a Pretty Boy Then?, page 137:

Slick, she bamboozles the ogles / of old Lilly Law.

2015 October 12, Adam Lowe, “Poem of the week: Vada That”, in The Guardian:


dekko

Borrowed from Hindustani देखो / دیکھو (dekho), imperative of देखना / دیکھنا (dekhnā, “to see, to look”).

But now there was a listlessness about her, not the listlessness of the cat Augustus but more that of the female in the picture in the Louvre, of whom Jeeves, on the occasion when he lugged me there to take a dekko at her, said that here was the head upon which all the ends of the world are come.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

Phipps went on: “One of our chaps, out on a reccy over the Bulgarian front, thought he saw something in the snow. Something fishy. He dropped down to have a dekko and nearly had kittens. What d'you think? Jerry's got a mass of stuff there—tanks, guns, lorries, every sort of heavy armament. All camouflaged. White.”

2011 [1965], Olivia Manning, Friends And Heroes (The Balkan Trilogy), Random House, →ISBN:


éminence grise

en-noun

éminence grise (plural éminences grises or éminence grises)

éminences grises (plural)
éminence grises (plural)

/ˌɛmɪnɒns ˈɡɹiːz/

Borrowed from French éminence grise (literally “grey eminence”), originally applied to François Leclerc du Tremblay (1577–1638), also known as Père Joseph, a French Capuchin friar who was the confidant and agent of Cardinal Richelieu (1585–1642), the chief minister of France under Louis XIII (1601–1643). The term refers to du Tremblay’s influence over the Cardinal (who bore the honorific of Eminence), and the colour of his habit (grey, rather than the red of a cardinal).

bor

But Harry Hopkins was no mere manipulator of people and ideas, no eminence grise masterminding the actions of figureheads.

1987 July 12, John A[rthur] Garraty, “Harry’s Luck [book review of Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy by George McJimsey]”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-12-19, page 28:

[Ichirō] Ozawa is the Secretary-General of [Yukio] Hatoyama's Democratic Party of Japan (DJP) and the éminence grise of the electoral campaign that catapulted the new Prime Minister to power.

2009 September 16, Coco Masters, “Japan’s New Prime Minister—and New Shadow Shogun”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Warner Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-10-21:

(idiomatic) A secret or unofficial decision-maker.

Cardinal Richelieu
François Leclerc du Tremblay
Louis XIII

灰衣主教

secret or unofficial decision-maker — see also power behind the throne

се́рый кардина́л m (séryj kardinál, literally “grey cardinal”)


grin

From Middle High German grüene, from Old High German gruoni.


cor-de-rosa

[ˌkoɾ.ðɨˈʁɔ.zɐ]

[ˌkoɾ.ðɨˈʁɔ.zɐ]


ocular

en-adj

ocular (comparative more ocular, superlative most ocular)

more ocular (comparative)
most ocular (superlative)

Derived from the Latin oculāris (“of the eye”), from oculus (“eye”).

The medication may have adverse ocular side effects.

It took some time after he lost his eye for him to receive his ocular prosthesis.

The eyes of men converse as much as their tongues, with the advantage, that the ocular dialect needs no dictionary, but is understood all the world over.

1860, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Behavior”, in The Conduct of Life, Boston: Ticknor & Fields, page 156:

Of, or relating to the eye, or the sense of sight

ocular markings on the wings of a butterfly

Villain, be sure thou prove my love a whore,
Be sure of it; give me the ocular proof:
Or by the worth of man’s eternal soul,
Thou hadst been better have been born a dog
Than answer my waked wrath!

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

For as Thomas was an ocular Witness of Christ’s Death and Burial, so were the other Disciples of his Resurrection; having actually seen him after he was risen.

1692, Robert South, “A Discourse concerning Our Saviour’s Resurrection”, in Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, 6th edition, volume V, London: Jonah Bowyer, page 171:

[…] I should have been apt to think, that the young gentlewomen and Mr. Lovelace were of longer acquaintance than yesterday. For he, by stealth, as it were, cast glances sometimes at them, which they returned; and, on my ocular notice, their eyes fell, as I may say, under my eye, as if they could not stand its examination.

1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter LXIII”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume III, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 300:

Captain Lincoln proceeded to relate some of the strange fables and fantasies, which, as it was impossible to refute them by ocular demonstration, had grown to be articles of popular belief, in reference to this old picture.

1842, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Edward Randolph’s Portrait”, in Twice-Told Tales, volume 2, Boston: James Munroe, page 32:

Suddenly starting from a proposition, exactly and sharply defined, in terms of utmost simplicity and clearness, he rejected the forms of customary logic, and by a crystalline process of accretion, built up his ocular demonstrations in forms of gloomiest and ghastliest grandeur, […]

1849 October 20, Nathaniel Parker Willis, “Death of Edgar Poe”, in Home Journal:

Seen by, or seeing with, the eye; visual.


ocular

The eyepiece of a microscope or other optical instrument.

Any of the scales forming the margin of a reptile's eye.


wad

wād (canonical neuter)
wād (nominative singular)
wād (nominative plural)
wād (accusative singular)
wād (accusative plural)
wādes (genitive singular)
wāda (genitive plural)
wāde (dative singular)
wādum (dative plural)

Middle English: wad, wod, wadde, wode

Scots: wad, waid

English: woad

Middle English: welde, wolde

English: weld, wold

From Proto-West Germanic *waiʀd, from Proto-Germanic *waizdaz.


evil eye

/ˌiːvl̩‿ˈaɪ/

From Middle English ivel eie (“evil eye; envy”), from Old English eage yfel, a calque of Latin oculus malus, from oculus (“eye”) + malus (“bad, evil, wicked; destructive, hurtful, injurious; unfavourable, unlucky”).

nb...

Edited with Introduction and Glossary from the Royal MS. 7 C iv. in the British Museum by E. W. Rhodes, M.A. Langton Fellow of the Owens College, Victoria University, Manchester

Each of the young men, in saluting the new-comer, made mechanically, and with care to conceal it from him, a slight gesture or sign with their fingers; for Arbaces, the Egyptian, was supposed to possess the fatal gift of the evil eye.

1834, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “The Blind Flower-girl, and the Beauty of Fashion.—The Athenian’s Confession.—The Reader’s Introduction to Arbaces of Egypt.”, in The Last Days of Pompeii. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […]; successor to Henry Colburn, →OCLC, book I, page 25:

The ὀφθαλμὸς βάσκανος, or evil eye, is frequently mentioned by ancient writers. […] Various amulets were used to avert the influence of the evil eye. The most common of these appears to have been the phallus, called by the Romans fascinum, which was hung round the necks of children (turpicula res).

1842, Charles Anthon, “FA′SCINUM”, in edited by William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities […], 3rd American edition, New York, N.Y., Cincinnati, Oh.: American Book Company, published 1843, →OCLC, pages 431–432, column 1:

A common dread was the evil eye, and the chief charm against it was in the form of a knotted cord woven by a "wise woman".

1936, Rollo Ahmed, “The Ancient Magic of the East”, in The Black Art, London: Senate, Studio Editions, published 1994, →ISBN, page 26:

A wicked look conveying dislike or envy that in many cultures is believed to be able to cause bad luck or injury; also, the ability to cause bad luck or injury through such a look, supposed to be possessed by some people.

syri i keq

wicked look conveying dislike or envy believed to be able to cause bad luck or injury; the ability to cause bad luck or injury through such a look

Isma laughed, but Hira drew her shoulders in tighter, reached out to touch the evil eye that hung on her wall and which Isma had always assumed to be merely decorative.

2017, Kamila Shamsie, Home Fire, Bloomsbury (2018), page 11:

The charm used to ward off the evil eye; a nazar.

For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed euill thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, / Thefts, couetouſneſſe, wickedneſſe, deceit, laſciuiouſneſſe, an euill eye, blaſphemie, pride, fooliſhneſſe: / All theſe euill things come from within, and defile the man.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 7:21–23, column 1:

[A] Noble Venetian, vvho is ſtill a Merchant, told me, they vvill ſpeedily find out ſome Method to redreſs it; probably by making a free Port, for they look vvith an Evil Eye upon Leghorne, that dravvs to it moſt of the Veſſels bound for Italy.

1705, J[oseph] Addison, “Venice”, in Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 84:

If you tell me, "Good morning" / I'm gonna tell you, "That's a lie" / If you say I'm old, baby / I'm gonna give you the evil eye

1964 February 18, Lionel Hampton, Leonard Feather (lyrics and music), “Evil Gal Blues”, in Unforgettable: A Tribute to Dinah Washington, performed by Aretha Franklin, New York, N.Y.: Columbia Records, →OCLC:

(often humorous) A look conveying disapproval, envy, hostility, etc.


verda

eo-head

verda (accusative singular verdan, plural verdaj, accusative plural verdajn)

verdan (accusative singular)
verdaj (plural)
verdajn (accusative plural)

Borrowed from Italian verde, from Latin viridis (“green”). Compare Portuguese and Spanish verde, French vert, Catalan and Occitan verd, as well as Welsh gwyrdd.


rufus

la-adj

rūfus (feminine rūfa, neuter rūfum); first/second-declension adjective

rūfus (canonical)
rūfa (feminine)
rūfum (neuter)
rūfus (masculine nominative singular)
rūfa (feminine nominative singular)
rūfum (neuter nominative singular)
rūfī (masculine nominative plural)
rūfae (feminine nominative plural)
rūfa (neuter nominative plural)
rūfī (genitive masculine singular)
rūfae (feminine genitive singular)
rūfī (genitive neuter singular)
rūfōrum (genitive masculine plural)
rūfārum (feminine genitive plural)
rūfōrum (genitive neuter plural)
rūfō (dative masculine singular)
rūfae (dative feminine singular)
rūfō (dative neuter singular)
rūfīs (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rūfum (accusative masculine singular)
rūfam (accusative feminine singular)
rūfum (accusative neuter singular)
rūfōs (accusative masculine plural)
rūfās (accusative feminine plural)
rūfa (accusative neuter plural)
rūfō (ablative masculine singular)
rūfā (ablative feminine singular)
rūfō (ablative neuter singular)
rūfīs (ablative feminine masculine neuter plural)
rūfe (masculine singular vocative)
rūfa (feminine singular vocative)
rūfum (neuter singular vocative)
rūfī (masculine plural vocative)
rūfae (feminine plural vocative)
rūfa (neuter plural vocative)

>? Catalan: rúfol

→ English: rufous

Italian: rufo

Spanish: rufo

From Proto-Italic *rouðos. The medial -f- indicates a borrowing from a Sabellic language such as Oscan 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (rufriis), Umbrian 𐌓𐌖𐌚𐌓𐌖 (rufru), or from a sister variety such as Faliscan, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). It might have penetrated urban Latin by virtue of the fact that it was used as an attribute for oxen sold in the markets in Rome. The word rōbus, which ended up being limited to oxen instead, represents the regular outcome of the same etymon.


blink

en-verb

blink (third-person singular simple present blinks, present participle blinking, simple past and past participle blinked)

blinks (present singular third-person)
blinking (participle present)
blinked (participle past)
blinked (past)

From Middle English blynken, blenken, from Old English blincan (suggested by causative verb blenċan (“to deceive”); > English blench), from Proto-Germanic *blinkaną, a variant of *blīkaną (“to gleam, shine”).
Cognate with Dutch blinken (“to glitter, shine”), German blinken (“to flash, blink”), Danish blinke (“to flash, twinkle, wink, blink”), Swedish blinka (“to flash, blink, twinkle, wink, blink”). Related to blank, blick, blike, bleak.

blikat

to flash on and off at regular intervals

One eye was blinking, and one leg was lame.

1715–1720, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book II”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC:

(intransitive) To close and reopen both eyes quickly.

To wink; to twinkle with, or as with, the eye.


brownish

en-adj

brownish (comparative more brownish, superlative most brownish)

more brownish (comparative)
most brownish (superlative)

The Giraffe and the Zebra and the Eland and the Koodoo and the Hartebeest lived there; and they were 'sclusively sandy-yellow-brownish all over […]

1902, Rudyard Kipling, “How the Leopard Got His Spots”, in Just So Stories:

Two pumps stood side by side in our kitchen. One was for well water and one was a cistern pump—water from the former was hard and clear, from the cistern it was brownish and soft.

1942, Emily Carr, “Waterworks”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:

Watt wore, on his feet, a boot, brown in colour, and a shoe, happily of a brownish colour also.

1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:

Of a colour which resembles brown; somewhat brown.

brunenc

of a colour which resembles brown; somewhat brown


agog

agog (comparative more agog, superlative most agog)

more agog (comparative)
most agog (superlative)

From Middle English agogge, from Old French en + gogues (“in a merry mood”). See also Italian agognare (“to desire eagerly”).

Cotton Mather came galloping down
All the way to Newbury town,
With his eyes agog and his ears set wide,
And his marvellous inkhorn at his side;

1860, John Greenleaf Whittier, “The Two-Headed Snake of Newbury”, in Home Ballads:

. . . and did not move even when the frogs crept out of the water and listened, with their gold-rimmed eyes all agog, and their yellow throats palpitating.

1894, Ford Madox Ford, The queen who flew: a fairy tale, page 41:

People leaning forward, their lips parted a little, their eyes agog, staring at her, Elinor, with a horrible ghoulish excitement . . .

1940, Agatha Christie, Sad Cypress, page 9:

Joe shook his head in awe, eyes agog and mouth hanging open as mine once must have hung for the tales of the north woods' legendary denizens.

1964, Ken Kesey, Sometimes a Great Notion, page 190:


crusty

From Middle English, equivalent to crust + -y.

Against the backdrop of muted stripes of color, Julieanne picked at her eyes’ crusties, and then combed her hair with the hand.

1999, Vinnie Hansen, Murder, Honey, Xlibris Corporation,, →ISBN, page 155:

Jesus, how could I bear the sight of him—sleep crusties lodged in the corners of his rheumy eyes, a puff of chest hair cresting like meringue over the top of his V-neck sweater, khakis jacked up to his breastbone—when I was used to looking at the singularly lovely Isabella?

2003, Mary O'Connell, “Saint Anne”, in Living with Saints, Grove Press, →ISBN, page 209:

I wiped the crusties from my eyes, threw on a sundress, and wandered out into the living room.

2005, Jeffrey Dinsmore, I, an Actress: The Autobiography of Karen Jamey, Contemporary Press, page 51


oráiste

head

oráiste m (genitive singular oráiste, nominative plural oráistí)

oráiste (genitive singular)
oráistí (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
oráiste (indefinite singular)
oráistí (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a oráiste (indefinite singular)
a oráistí (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an t-oráiste (definite singular)
na horáistí (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
an oráiste (definite singular)
na n-oráistí (definite plural)
dative (definite)
leis an oráiste (definite singular)
don oráiste (definite singular)
leis na horáistí (definite plural)

[əˈɾˠɑːʃtʲə]

[ˈɔɾˠɑːʃtʲə]

From earlier oráitse, borrowed from a Romance language.


jene

Alternative spelling of jené. Romanization of ꦗꦼꦤꦺ


jene

Alternative spelling of jéné. Romanization of ꦗꦺꦤꦺ


verdant

en-adj

verdant (comparative more verdant, superlative most verdant)

more verdant (comparative)
most verdant (superlative)

From Middle French verdoyant, from Old French verb verdier, verdoier, from vert (“green”), from Vulgar Latin *virdis, from Latin viridis.


uaine

nominative (positive)
uaine (masculine singular)

From Old Irish úaine, úanne (“green, verdant”), from possible Proto-Celtic *udnios, from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“wet”).

green (of painted or dyed items; of bright or light-coloured items)


liath

head

liath (genitive singular masculine léith, genitive singular feminine léithe, plural liatha, comparative léithe)

léith (genitive masculine singular)
léithe (feminine genitive singular)
liatha (plural)
léithe (comparative)
nominative (positive)
liath (masculine singular)

From Old Irish líath, from Proto-Celtic *ɸleitos (compare Welsh llwyd, Cornish loys, Breton loued), from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“grey”) (compare English fallow).

Is minic duine liath lúfar. (proverb)


liath

From Old Irish líath, from Proto-Celtic *ɸleitos, from Proto-Indo-European *pelH- (“grey”).

(hair color) grey-haired, grizzled, gray-headed


oro

From Latin aurum, from earlier ausum, from Proto-Italic *auzom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éh₂usom (“glow”), derived from the root *h₂ews-.

(heraldry) or (the gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms)


weiß

de-adj

weiß (strong nominative masculine singular weißer, comparative weißer, superlative am weißesten)

weißer (masculine nominative singular strong)
weißer (comparative)
am weißesten (superlative)
weiß (masculine predicative singular)
weiß (feminine predicative singular)
weiß (neuter predicative singular)
weiß (plural predicative)
weißer (masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
weiße (feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
weißes (neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
weiße (nominative plural strong without-article)
weißen (genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
weißer (feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
weißen (genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
weißer (genitive plural strong without-article)
weißem (dative masculine singular strong without-article)
weißer (dative feminine singular strong without-article)
weißem (dative neuter singular strong without-article)
weißen (dative plural strong without-article)
weißen (accusative masculine singular strong without-article)
weiße (accusative feminine singular strong without-article)
weißes (accusative neuter singular strong without-article)
weiße (accusative plural strong without-article)
der weiße (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die weiße (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das weiße (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die weißen (definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des weißen (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der weißen (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des weißen (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der weißen (definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem weißen (dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der weißen (dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem weißen (dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den weißen (dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den weißen (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die weiße (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das weiße (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die weißen (accusative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein weißer (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine weiße (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein weißes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
weißen (indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine weißen (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines weißen (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer weißen (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines weißen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
weißen (genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner weißen (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem weißen (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer weißen (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem weißen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
weißen (dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen weißen (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen weißen (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine weiße (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein weißes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
weißen (accusative indefinite mixed plural)
keine weißen (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
weißer (comparative masculine predicative singular)
weißer (comparative feminine predicative singular)
weißer (comparative neuter predicative singular)
weißer (comparative plural predicative)
weißerer (comparative masculine nominative singular strong without-article)
weißere (comparative feminine nominative singular strong without-article)
weißeres (comparative neuter nominative singular strong without-article)
weißere (comparative nominative plural strong without-article)
weißeren (comparative genitive masculine singular strong without-article)
weißerer (comparative feminine genitive singular strong without-article)
weißeren (comparative genitive neuter singular strong without-article)
weißerer (comparative genitive plural strong without-article)
weißerem (comparative dative masculine singular strong without-article)
weißerer (comparative dative feminine singular strong without-article)
weißerem (comparative dative neuter singular strong without-article)
weißeren (comparative dative plural strong without-article)
weißeren (accusative comparative masculine singular strong without-article)
weißere (accusative comparative feminine singular strong without-article)
weißeres (accusative comparative neuter singular strong without-article)
weißere (accusative comparative plural strong without-article)
der weißere (comparative definite includes-article masculine nominative singular weak)
die weißere (comparative definite feminine includes-article nominative singular weak)
das weißere (comparative definite includes-article neuter nominative singular weak)
die weißeren (comparative definite includes-article nominative plural weak)
des weißeren (comparative definite genitive includes-article masculine singular weak)
der weißeren (comparative definite feminine genitive includes-article singular weak)
des weißeren (comparative definite genitive includes-article neuter singular weak)
der weißeren (comparative definite genitive includes-article plural weak)
dem weißeren (comparative dative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
der weißeren (comparative dative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
dem weißeren (comparative dative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
den weißeren (comparative dative definite includes-article plural weak)
den weißeren (accusative comparative definite includes-article masculine singular weak)
die weißere (accusative comparative definite feminine includes-article singular weak)
das weißere (accusative comparative definite includes-article neuter singular weak)
die weißeren (accusative comparative definite includes-article plural weak)
ein weißerer (comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular)
eine weißere (comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular)
ein weißeres (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular)
weißeren (comparative indefinite mixed nominative plural)
keine weißeren (comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural)
eines weißeren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer weißeren (comparative feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
eines weißeren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
weißeren (comparative genitive indefinite mixed plural)
keiner weißeren (comparative genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einem weißeren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
einer weißeren (comparative dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
einem weißeren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
weißeren (comparative dative indefinite mixed plural)
keinen weißeren (comparative dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
einen weißeren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular)
eine weißere (accusative comparative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular)
ein weißeres (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular)
weißeren (accusative comparative indefinite mixed plural)
keine weißeren (accusative comparative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural)
am weißesten (masculine predicative singular superlative)
am weißesten (feminine predicative singular superlative)
am weißesten (neuter predicative singular superlative)
am weißesten (plural predicative superlative)
weißester (masculine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
weißeste (feminine nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
weißestes (neuter nominative singular strong superlative without-article)
weißeste (nominative plural strong superlative without-article)
weißesten (genitive masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
weißester (feminine genitive singular strong superlative without-article)
weißesten (genitive neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
weißester (genitive plural strong superlative without-article)
weißestem (dative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
weißester (dative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
weißestem (dative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
weißesten (dative plural strong superlative without-article)
weißesten (accusative masculine singular strong superlative without-article)
weißeste (accusative feminine singular strong superlative without-article)
weißestes (accusative neuter singular strong superlative without-article)
weißeste (accusative plural strong superlative without-article)
der weißeste (definite includes-article masculine nominative singular superlative weak)
die weißeste (definite feminine includes-article nominative singular superlative weak)
das weißeste (definite includes-article neuter nominative singular superlative weak)
die weißesten (definite includes-article nominative plural superlative weak)
des weißesten (definite genitive includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der weißesten (definite feminine genitive includes-article singular superlative weak)
des weißesten (definite genitive includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
der weißesten (definite genitive includes-article plural superlative weak)
dem weißesten (dative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
der weißesten (dative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
dem weißesten (dative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
den weißesten (dative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
den weißesten (accusative definite includes-article masculine singular superlative weak)
die weißeste (accusative definite feminine includes-article singular superlative weak)
das weißeste (accusative definite includes-article neuter singular superlative weak)
die weißesten (accusative definite includes-article plural superlative weak)
ein weißester (includes-article indefinite masculine mixed nominative singular superlative)
eine weißeste (feminine includes-article indefinite mixed nominative singular superlative)
ein weißestes (includes-article indefinite mixed neuter nominative singular superlative)
weißesten (indefinite mixed nominative plural superlative)
keine weißesten (includes-article indefinite mixed negative nominative plural superlative)
eines weißesten (genitive includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer weißesten (feminine genitive includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
eines weißesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
weißesten (genitive indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keiner weißesten (genitive includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einem weißesten (dative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
einer weißesten (dative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
einem weißesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
weißesten (dative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keinen weißesten (dative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)
einen weißesten (accusative includes-article indefinite masculine mixed singular superlative)
eine weißeste (accusative feminine includes-article indefinite mixed singular superlative)
ein weißestes (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed neuter singular superlative)
weißesten (accusative indefinite mixed plural superlative)
keine weißesten (accusative includes-article indefinite mixed negative plural superlative)

From Middle High German wīz, from Old High German wīz, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweytos (“bright; shine”).


dubh

From Old Irish dub (“black”), from Proto-Celtic *dubus (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ- (“black”).
Cognates within Celtic include Breton du (“black”), Welsh du (“black”), Cornish duv or du (“black”), Gaulish river name Dubis, now Doubs. Cognates outside Celtic include Ancient Greek τυφλός (tuphlós, “blind”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌱𐍃 (daubs, “deaf”), German taub (“deaf”), English deaf, English dumb.

Tha Dòmhnall Dubh an Dòmhnallaich a-nochd a' tòir air Mòraig.

Black-haired Donald MacDonald is chasing after Morag tonight.


phthalo green

From phthalo and green, from phthalocyanine.

phthalo green:

A synthetic pigment (full name phthalocyanine) of a bright, high intensity, used in oil- and acrylic-based artists' paints, and in other applications.


fionn

head

fionn (present analytic fionnann, future analytic fionnfaidh, verbal noun fionnadh, past participle fionnta)

fionnann (analytic present)
fionnfaidh (analytic future)
fionnadh (noun-from-verb)
fionnta (participle past)
fionnaim (first-person indicative present singular)
fionnann tú (indicative present second-person singular)
fionnair (indicative present second-person singular)
fionnann sé (indicative present singular third-person)
sí (indicative present singular third-person)
fionnaimid (first-person indicative plural present)
fionnann sibh (indicative plural present second-person)
fionnann siad (indicative plural present third-person)
fionnaid (indicative plural present third-person)
a fhionnann (indicative present relative)
a fhionnas (indicative present relative)
a bhfionnann (indicative present relative)
fionntar (autonomous indicative present)
d'fhionn mé (first-person indicative past singular)
d'fhionnas (first-person indicative past singular)
fhionn mé‡ (first-person indicative past singular)
fhionnas‡ (first-person indicative past singular)
d'fhionn tú (indicative past second-person singular)
d'fhionnais (indicative past second-person singular)
fhionn tú (indicative past second-person singular)
fhionnais‡ (indicative past second-person singular)
d'fhionn sé (indicative past singular third-person)
sí (indicative past singular third-person)
fhionn sé (indicative past singular third-person)
sí‡ (indicative past singular third-person)
d'fhionnamar (first-person indicative past plural)
d'fhionn muid (first-person indicative past plural)
fhionnamar (first-person indicative past plural)
fhionn muid‡ (first-person indicative past plural)
d'fhionn sibh (indicative past plural second-person)
d'fhionnabhair (indicative past plural second-person)
fhionn sibh (indicative past plural second-person)
fhionnabhair‡ (indicative past plural second-person)
d'fhionn siad (indicative past plural third-person)
d'fhionnadar (indicative past plural third-person)
fhionn siad (indicative past plural third-person)
fhionnadar‡ (indicative past plural third-person)
a d'fhionn (indicative past relative)
ar fhionn (indicative past relative)
fionnadh (autonomous indicative past)
d'fhionnainn (first-person habitual indicative past singular)
fhionnainn‡ (first-person habitual indicative past singular)
bhfionnainn‡‡ (first-person habitual indicative past singular)
d'fhionntá (habitual indicative past second-person singular)
fhionntá‡ (habitual indicative past second-person singular)
bhfionntá‡‡ (habitual indicative past second-person singular)
d'fhionnadh sé (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
sí (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
fhionnadh sé (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
sí‡ (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
bhfionnadh sé (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
sí‡‡ (habitual indicative past singular third-person)
d'fhionnaimis (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
d'fhionnadh muid (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
fhionnaimis (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
fhionnadh muid‡ (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
bhfionnaimis‡‡ (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
bhfionnadh muid‡‡ (first-person habitual indicative past plural)
d'fhionnadh sibh (habitual indicative past plural second-person)
fhionnadh sibh‡ (habitual indicative past plural second-person)
bhfionnadh sibh‡‡ (habitual indicative past plural second-person)
d'fhionnaidís (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
d'fhionnadh siad (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
fhionnaidís (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
fhionnadh siad‡ (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
bhfionnaidís‡‡ (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
bhfionnadh siad‡‡ (habitual indicative past plural third-person)
a d'fhionnadh (habitual indicative past relative)
a bhfionnadh (habitual indicative past relative)
d'fhionntaí (autonomous habitual indicative past)
fhionntaí‡ (autonomous habitual indicative past)
bhfionntaí‡‡ (autonomous habitual indicative past)
fionnfaidh mé (first-person future singular)
fionnfad (first-person future singular)
fionnfaidh tú (future second-person singular)
fionnfair (future second-person singular)
fionnfaidh sé (future singular third-person)
sí (future singular third-person)
fionnfaimid (first-person future plural)
fionnfaidh muid (first-person future plural)
fionnfaidh sibh (future plural second-person)
fionnfaidh siad (future plural third-person)
fionnfaid (future plural third-person)
a fhionnfaidh (future relative)
a fhionnfas (future relative)
a bhfionnfaidh (future relative)
fionnfar (autonomous future)
d'fhionnfainn (conditional first-person singular)
fhionnfainn‡ (conditional first-person singular)
bhfionnfainn‡‡ (conditional first-person singular)
d'fhionnfá (conditional second-person singular)
fhionnfá‡ (conditional second-person singular)
bhfionnfá‡‡ (conditional second-person singular)
d'fhionnfadh sé (conditional singular third-person)
sí (conditional singular third-person)
fhionnfadh sé (conditional singular third-person)
sí‡ (conditional singular third-person)
bhfionnfadh sé (conditional singular third-person)
sí‡‡ (conditional singular third-person)
d'fhionnfaimis (conditional first-person plural)
d'fhionnfadh muid (conditional first-person plural)
fhionnfaimis‡ (conditional first-person plural)
fhionnfadh muid‡ (conditional first-person plural)
bhfionnfaimis‡‡ (conditional first-person plural)
bhfionnfadh muid‡‡ (conditional first-person plural)
d'fhionnfadh sibh (conditional plural second-person)
fhionnfadh sibh‡ (conditional plural second-person)
bhfionnfadh sibh‡‡ (conditional plural second-person)
d'fhionnfaidís (conditional plural third-person)
d'fhionnfadh siad (conditional plural third-person)
fhionnfaidís‡ (conditional plural third-person)
fhionnfadh siad‡ (conditional plural third-person)
bhfionnfaidís‡‡ (conditional plural third-person)
bhfionnfadh siad‡‡ (conditional plural third-person)
a d'fhionnfadh (conditional relative)
a bhfionnfadh (conditional relative)
d'fhionnfaí (autonomous conditional)
fhionnfaí‡ (autonomous conditional)
bhfionnfaí‡‡ (autonomous conditional)
go bhfionna mé (first-person present singular subjunctive)
go bhfionnad (first-person present singular subjunctive)
go bhfionna tú (present second-person singular subjunctive)
go bhfionnair (present second-person singular subjunctive)
go bhfionna sé (present singular subjunctive third-person)
sí (present singular subjunctive third-person)
go bhfionnaimid (first-person plural present subjunctive)
go bhfionna muid (first-person plural present subjunctive)
go bhfionna sibh (plural present second-person subjunctive)
go bhfionna siad (plural present subjunctive third-person)
go bhfionnaid (plural present subjunctive third-person)
go bhfionntar (autonomous present subjunctive)
dá bhfionnainn (first-person past singular subjunctive)
dá bhfionntá (past second-person singular subjunctive)
dá bhfionnadh sé (past singular subjunctive third-person)
sí (past singular subjunctive third-person)
dá bhfionnaimis (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dá bhfionnadh muid (first-person past plural subjunctive)
dá bhfionnadh sibh (past plural second-person subjunctive)
dá bhfionnaidís (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dá bhfionnadh siad (past plural subjunctive third-person)
dá bhfionntaí (autonomous past subjunctive)
fionnaim (first-person imperative singular)
fionn (imperative second-person singular)
fionnadh sé (imperative singular third-person)
sí (imperative singular third-person)
fionnaimis (first-person imperative plural)
fionnaigí (imperative plural second-person)
fionnaidh (imperative plural second-person)
fionnaidís (imperative plural third-person)
fionntar (autonomous imperative)
fionnadh (noun-from-verb)
fionnta (participle past)

From Old Irish finn, from Proto-Celtic *windos.


donn

donn (genitive singular masculine doinn, genitive singular feminine doinne, plural donna, comparative doinne)

doinn (genitive masculine singular)
doinne (feminine genitive singular)
donna (plural)
doinne (comparative)
nominative (positive)
donn (masculine singular)
nominative (positive)

From Old Irish donn, from Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“brown”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke”).


donn

sga-decl-adj-table

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

donn (masculine nominative singular)
donn (feminine nominative singular)
donn (neuter nominative singular)
duinn (masculine singular vocative)
donn (masculine singular vocative)
donn (feminine singular vocative)
donn (neuter singular vocative)
donn (accusative masculine singular)
duinn (accusative feminine singular)
donn (accusative neuter singular)
duinn (genitive masculine singular)
duinne (feminine genitive singular)
duinn (genitive neuter singular)
donn (dative masculine singular)
duinn (dative feminine singular)
donn (dative neuter singular)
duinn (masculine nominative plural)
donna (feminine neuter nominative plural)
donnu (masculine plural vocative)
donna (masculine plural vocative)
donna (feminine neuter plural vocative)
donnu (accusative masculine plural)
donna (accusative masculine plural)
donna (accusative feminine neuter plural)
donn (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
donnaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
donn (masculine nominative singular)
donn (feminine nominative singular)
donn (neuter nominative singular)
doinn (masculine singular vocative)
donn (masculine singular vocative)
donn (feminine singular vocative)
donn (neuter singular vocative)
donn (accusative masculine singular)
doinn (accusative feminine singular)
donn (accusative neuter singular)
doinn (genitive masculine singular)
doinne (feminine genitive singular)
doinn (genitive neuter singular)
donn (dative masculine singular)
doinn (dative feminine singular)
donn (dative neuter singular)
doinn (masculine nominative plural)
donna (feminine neuter nominative plural)
donnu (masculine plural vocative)
donna (masculine plural vocative)
donna (feminine neuter plural vocative)
donnu (accusative masculine plural)
donna (accusative masculine plural)
donna (accusative feminine neuter plural)
donn (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
donnaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Irish: donn

Manx: dhone

Scottish Gaelic: donn


donn

duinne (comparative)
donn (masculine nominative)
dhonn (feminine nominative)
donna (nominative plural)
dhuinn (genitive masculine)
duinne (feminine genitive)
donna (genitive plural)
donn (dative masculine)
dhuinn (dative feminine)
donna (dative plural)
dhuinn (masculine vocative)
dhonn (feminine vocative)
donna (plural vocative)
donn
dhonn

[d̪̊ɔ̃ʊ̃n̪ˠ]

From Old Irish donn, from Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“brown”), from Proto-Indo-European *dusnos-, *donnos- (“dark”), from *dʰewh₂- (“smoke”).


bán

head

bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)

báin (genitive masculine singular)
báine (feminine genitive singular)
bána (plural)
báine (comparative)
nominative (positive)
bán (masculine singular)

→ Yola: baun, bawn

From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).


bán

bán (masculine nominative singular)
bán (feminine nominative singular)
bán (neuter nominative singular)
báin (masculine singular vocative)
bán (masculine singular vocative)
bán (feminine singular vocative)
bán (neuter singular vocative)
bán (accusative masculine singular)
báin (accusative feminine singular)
bán (accusative neuter singular)
báin (genitive masculine singular)
báine (feminine genitive singular)
báin (genitive neuter singular)
bán (dative masculine singular)
báin (dative feminine singular)
bán (dative neuter singular)
báin (masculine nominative plural)
bána (feminine neuter nominative plural)
bánu (masculine plural vocative)
bána (masculine plural vocative)
bána (feminine neuter plural vocative)
bánu (accusative masculine plural)
bána (accusative masculine plural)
bána (accusative feminine neuter plural)
bán (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
bánaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)
bán
mbán

Irish: bán

Manx: bane

Scottish Gaelic: bàn

⇒ Middle Irish: abbán


zwart

From Middle Dutch swart, from Old Dutch swart, from Proto-West Germanic *swart, from Proto-Germanic *swartaz.


tawny

en-adj

tawny (comparative tawnier, superlative tawniest)

tawnier (comparative)
tawniest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English tauni, tawne (“having a brownish-orange colour”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman taune, tawné, and Old French tané, tanné, tanney (“of a tan colour”), an adjective use of the past participle of taner (“to turn hide into leather, tan”), from tan (“pulped oak bark used to tan leather, tanbark”), ultimately from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)dʰnwos, *(s)dʰonu (“fir”).
The -aw- spelling (also -au- in Middle English) seems to have been due to the pronunciation of Old French tané.
The verb is derived from the adjective.
cognates
* Breton tann
* Medieval Latin tannāre (“to dye a tawny color; to tan”)
* Old Irish caerthann (“rowan”)

nb...

taunde, taunei, tauneʒ, tauny, tawny, (chiefly Northern England, Scotland) tanei, tani, tanne, tannee, tanny, tannye, tany, thanne

cog

And if any of your nation attempte once to ſtoppe me in my iorney now towards Calais, […] I in my defence ſhall colour and make red your tawny ground with the effuſion of chriſtian bloud: […]

1577, Raphaell Holinshed, “King Henrie the Fifth”, in The Laste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume II, London: […] for Iohn Hunne, →OCLC, page 1077, column 2:

The VVooſell cock, ſo blacke of hevve, / VVith Orange tavvny bill, / The Throſtle, vvith his note ſo true, / The VVren, vvith little quill.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, A Midsommer Nights Dreame. […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Richard Bradock] for Thomas Fisher, […], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

Come, vve muſt haue you turne Fiddler againe, ſlaue, 'get a Baſe Violin at your backe, and march in a Tavvnie Coate, vvith one ſleeue, to Gooſe-faire, and then you'll knovve vs; […]

1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act III, scene iv:

To the Queen he gave […] a ſmall Box full of large Needles; then he gave her ſome courſe brovvn Thread, and ſhovv'd her hovv to thred the Needle and ſovv any Thing together vvith the Thread; all vvhich ſhe admired exceedingly, and call'd her Tavvny Maids of Honour about her, that they might learn alſo.

1725, [Daniel Defoe], “Part I”, in A New Voyage Round the World, by a Course Never Sailed before. […], London: […] A[rthur] Bettesworth, […]; and W. Mears, […], →OCLC, page 155:

[T]he vvatch-dogs and aſſembled ſvvains / Have driv'n a tavvny lion from the ſtalls, […]

1791, Homer, “[The Iliad.] Book XI.”, in W[illiam] Cowper, transl., The Iliad and Odyssey of Homer, Translated into Blank Verse, […], volume I, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 289, lines 661–662:

[T]he head waiter inquired with respectful solicitude whether that port, being a light and tawny wine, was suited to his taste, or whether he would wish to try a fruity port with greater body.

1842 December – 1844 July, Charles Dickens, “Will be Seen in the Long Run, if Not in the Short One, to Concern Mr. Pinch and Others, Nearly. […]”, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1844, →OCLC, pages 150–151:

[P]erhaps they metamorphose themselves into a tawny squirrel that scampers away and mocks you from the topmost bough.

1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “In the Wood”, in Adam Bede […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book first, page 240:

There were the tawny rocks, like lions couchant, defying the ocean, whose waves incessantly dashed against and scoured them with vast quantities of gravel.

1865, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “The Shipwreck”, in [Sophia Thoreau; William Ellery Channing], editors, Cape Cod, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 14:

He did not come in the dawning; he did not come at noon; / And out o' the tawny sunset, before the rise o' the moon, / When the road was a gypsy's ribbon, looping the purple moor, / A red-coat troop came marching— / Marching—marching— / King George's men came marching, up to the old inn-door.

1906 August, Alfred Noyes, “The Highwayman”, in Poems, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., published October 1906, →OCLC, part 2, stanza I, pages 48–49:

They fell a-twittering among themselves once more, and this time their intoxicating babble was of violet seas, tawny sands, and lizard-haunted walls.

1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, “Wayfarers All”, in The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 196:

I never thought I'd meet a girl like you / With auburn hair and tawny eyes

1982 March, Frank Maudsley, Paul Reynolds, Ali Score, Mike Score (lyrics and music), “I Ran (So Far Away)”, in A Flock of Seagulls, performed by A Flock of Seagulls:

Dio Cassius, writing more than one hundred years after the event, described Boudicca as 'very tall, in appearance most terrifying … the glance of her eye most fierce, her voice harsh … a great mass of the tawniest hair fell to her hips'.

2001, John Cannon, Anne Hargreaves, “Romano-British Rulers”, in The Kings & Queens of Britain, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 13:

ANTILLEAN NIGHTHAWK Chordeiles gundlachii […] Somewhat tawnier and smaller than Common Nighthawk, but readily distinguished from it only by call.

2019, Roger Tory Peterson, Michael DiGiorgio, Paul Lehman, Peter Pyle, Larry Rosche, “Owls and Nightjars”, in Peterson Field Guide to Birds of North America (Peterson Field Guides), 2nd edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 230:

Of a light brown to brownish orange colour.

آدَم

of a light brown to brownish orange colour


tawny

en-verb

tawny (third-person singular simple present tawnies, present participle tawnying, simple past and past participle tawnied)

tawnies (present singular third-person)
tawnying (participle present)
tawnied (participle past)
tawnied (past)

So many friends, their friendſhips daily breake, / That fevve are faithfull, if that fevve be any: / The Sunne ſo ſoone, the painted face vvill tavvny.

1602, Nicholas Breton, The Mothers Blessing, London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for Iohn Smethick, […], →OCLC, signature [D4], recto:

He [Vulcan] ſmels all ſmoake, and vvith his naſty ſvveate / Tavvnies my skinne, out on him vgly knaue, / Mars is my loue, and he my ſvveets ſhall haue.

1613, Thomas Heywood, The Brazen Age, […], London: […] Nicholas Okes, […], →OCLC, Act II, signature I2, verso:

Alas 'tis faded, ſoyl'd vvith the ſmoke of Luſt; / So ſvvarthy as if that glorious face of thine / VVere tavvnyed underneath the torrid Line: […]

1632, Fra[ncis] Quarles, “On Gods Image”, in Divine Fancies: Digested into Epigrammes, Meditations, and Observations, London: […] Iohn Marriot, […], →OCLC, book III, page 148:

The General stares into the sandstorm churned up by all that movement. Like a curtain draped across the world, tawnying the October sky.

2017, Nathan Englander, “2014, Limbo”, in Dinner at the Centre of the Earth, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN:

(transitive) To cause (someone or something) to have a light brown to brownish orange colour; to tan, to tawn.

The countenance alone bespoke the years and the cares of John M‘Whirter. The deep wrinkled brow—the cheek plaited, and tawnied in the sun and the frosts of the north— […]

1825, chapter XI, in The Abduction; or, The Adventures of Major Sarney: A Story of the Times of Charles the Second. […], volume II, London: […] [William Clowes] for Charles Knight, […], →OCLC, page 249:

In his drowse it all turned gleaming and mixing in him, his whole life, like the river gleaming taut between the trees. And everything that had ever happened to him tawnied over by the voluptuous light of the last fall, and his mouth watered for it all.

1990, Meridel Le Sueur, “Gone Home”, in Elaine Hedges, editor, Ripening: Selected Work, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, →ISBN, page 215:

[C]olheita is actually a tawny Port from a single vintage. In other words, it has aged (and softened and tawnied) in wood for many years.

2019, Ed McCarthy, Mary Ewing-Mulligan, “Wine Roads Less Traveled: Fortified and Dessert Wines”, in Wine for Dummies (For Dummies), 7th edition, Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, part 5 (Wine’s Exotic Face), page 318:

(intransitive) To become a light brown to brownish orange colour; to tan, to tawn.


tawny

en-noun

tawny (countable and uncountable, plural tawnies or tawnys)

From Middle English tauni, tawne (“brownish-orange colour; cloth of this colour; sweet beverage of this colour”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman tawné, and Old French tané, tanné, tanney (“tan colour; cloth of this colour”), from tané (verb): see further at etymology 1.
Sense 2.1 (“Eurasian bullfinch”) is due to the brown colour of the female.

kellanruskea

something of a light brown or brownish orange colour

tawny:

Neere to Canuſia, the ſheepe be deepe yellovv or tavvnie; and about Tarentum, they are of a brovvne and duſkiſh colour.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book VIII.] Divers Kinds of Wooll and Clothes.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 227:

Despise not my discolour'd look: / This tawny from the sun I took.

1641, George Sandys, “A Paraphrase upon the Song of Solomon. Canto I.”, in The Poetical Works of George Sandys. […], volume II, London: John Russell Smith, […], published 1872, →OCLC, page 340:

From the follovving Dye are Compoſed the beſt Tavvnies, Grey and Crimſon Goat Colours. […] The Silk muſt be put in vvhen the Suds are cold, for the colder the Suds, the blevver the Violet Colour, vvhich muſt alvvays be blevver than the Tavvnies.

1705, “Part I. Of Silk Dying.”, in [anonymous], transl., The Whole Art of Dying. […], London: […] William Pearson, and sold by J[ohn] Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 14:

And thus by varying the Colours you ſhall produce all ſorts of mixtures: So black and vvhite variouſly mixed make a vaſt Company of deep and light Greys, Bleus and Yellovvs, many Greens; Red and Yellovv Orange Tavvnies, […] the more the Red the deeper the Orange Tavvnies, and ſo forth; and thus muſt they in your VVork be ſhaded and heightened vvith Colours of their ovvn Affinity: […]

1720, Tho[mas] Page, Junior, “The Materials of Painting, Describing the Chief Colours to be Used; […]”, in The Art of Painting in Its Rudiment, Progress, and Perfection: […], Norwich, Norfolk: […] , […], →OCLC, pages 48–49:

'Gad, if Miss S. will have me, I'm her man. I ain't particular about a shade or so of tawny.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, “In which Mr. Osborne Takes Down the Family Bible”, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 200:

A light brown to brownish orange colour.

[T]he Herehaught [herald] muſt have a ſinguler reſpect to the face of him that ſhould haue the Armes, vvhere he ſhal vvel perceiue in vvhat ſeaſõ of the yere, his ovvn complexion vvill ſerue him to do beſt ſeruice in: […] If in Somer, either a Hound or Salamandra, or ſome part of them, of the colour Bruske, vvhich is betvveene Geules and tavvney.

1597, Gerard Leigh [i.e., Gerard Legh], The Accedence of Armorie, London: […] Henrie Ballard […], →OCLC, folio 116, verso:

Tavvny (ſaith Leigh [i.e., Gerard Legh]) is a Colour of vvorſhip, and of ſome Heralds it is called Bruske, and is moſt commonly borne of French Gentlemen, but very fevv doe beare it in England. In Blazon it is knovvne by the name of Tenne. It is (ſaith he) the ſureſt colour that is (of ſo bright a hevv being compounded) for it is made of tvvo bright Colours, vvhich are Red and Yellovv: […]

1632, John Guillim, “Sect[ion] I. Chap[ter] III.”, in A Display of Heraldrie: […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Badger for Ralph Mab, →OCLC, page 21:

Tenne, vvhich is the tavvny or Orange colour, is marked by diagonal lines dravvn from the Siniſter to the Dexter ſide of the Shield, traverſed by perpendicular lines from the Chief; […]

1765, Mark Anthony Porny [pseudonym; Antoine Pyron du Martre], “Of the Essential and Integral Parts of Arms. Article II. Of the Tinctures.”, in The Elements of Heraldry, […], London: […] J[ohn] Newbery, […], →OCLC, section I (Of Colours), page 17:

Some heraldic writers extend the number of tinctures to seven, by the addition of sanguine or murrey, dark blood or mulberry-colour, and tenné, tawny, or orange-colour; while others who admit them into the catalogue declare them, at the same time, to be stainant, or disgraceful; but, as I have stated in my notice of Abatements (p. 171), it is very improbable any one would bear arms so degraded; and the strongest proof that no such opinion with respect to these two colours existed in the days of chivalry is, that the livery colours of the house of York were murrey and blue, and that tawny was apparently much affected by the retainers of the nobility and Church dignitaries.

1859 April, J[ames] R[obinson] Planché, “Appendix”, in The Pursuivant of Arms; or, Heraldry Founded upon Facts. […], new edition, London: Robert Hardwicke, […], →OCLC, page 209:

(specifically, heraldry) Synonym of tenné (“a rarely-used tincture of orange or bright brown”)


marron

→ Asturian: marrón

→ Catalan: marró

→ Galician: marrón

Louisiana Creole: maron

→ Portuguese: marrom

→ Romanian: maro, maron

→ Spanish: marrón

→ Turkish: maron

Etymology tree
Byzantine Greek μάραον (máraon)bor.
Italian marronebor.
French marron
Borrowed from Italian marrone.


rua

head

rua (genitive singular masculine rua, genitive singular feminine rua or ruaí, comparative rua or ruacha)

rua (genitive masculine singular)
rua (feminine genitive singular)
ruaí (feminine genitive singular)
rua (comparative)
ruacha (comparative)
nominative (positive)
rua (masculine singular)

From Old Irish rúad, from Proto-Celtic *roudos (compare Welsh rhudd), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (compare Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Old English rēad).


rua

rua m (genitive singular rua, nominative plural ruanna)

rua (genitive singular)
ruanna (nominative plural)
nominative (indefinite)
rua (indefinite singular)
ruanna (indefinite plural)
vocative (indefinite)
a rua (indefinite singular)
a ruanna (indefinite plural)
genitive (indefinite)
dative (indefinite)
nominative (definite)
an rua (definite singular)
na ruanna (definite plural)
genitive (definite)
dative (definite)
leis an rua (definite singular)
don rua (definite singular)
leis na ruanna (definite plural)


ultravioleta

pt-adj

ultravioleta m or f (plural ultravioletas, not comparable)

From ultra- (“ultra-; beyond”) + violeta (“violet”).

prefix

ultraviolet (having wavelength from 380nm to 10nm)


glas

Inherited from Middle Breton glas, Proto-Brythonic *glas, from Proto-Celtic *glastos.


glas

Inherited from Middle Cornish glas, from Proto-Brythonic *glas, from Proto-Celtic *glastos.


glas

glas (masculine nominative singular)
glas (feminine nominative singular)
glas (neuter nominative singular)
glais (masculine singular vocative)
glas (masculine singular vocative)
glas (feminine singular vocative)
glas (neuter singular vocative)
glas (accusative masculine singular)
glais (accusative feminine singular)
glas (accusative neuter singular)
glais (genitive masculine singular)
glaise (feminine genitive singular)
glais (genitive neuter singular)
glas (dative masculine singular)
glais (dative feminine singular)
glas (dative neuter singular)
glais (masculine nominative plural)
glasa (feminine neuter nominative plural)
glasu (masculine plural vocative)
glasa (masculine plural vocative)
glasa (feminine neuter plural vocative)
glasu (accusative masculine plural)
glasa (accusative masculine plural)
glasa (accusative feminine neuter plural)
glas (feminine genitive masculine neuter plural)
glasaib (dative feminine masculine neuter plural)

Irish: glas

Manx: glass

Scottish Gaelic: glas


glas

cy-adj

glas (feminine singular glas, plural gleision, equative glased, comparative glasach, superlative glasaf)

glas (feminine singular)
gleision (plural)
glased (equative)
glasach (comparative)
glasaf (superlative)
glas
las (soft)
nglas

Inherited from Middle Welsh and Old Welsh glas, from Proto-Brythonic *glas, from Proto-Celtic *glastos.
Related to glân (“clean”), arsenig (“arsenic”), and clorin (“chlorine”).
Cognate with Cornish glas (“blue, green, grey”), Breton glas (“blue”), Irish glas (“green, grey”), Scottish Gaelic glas (“grey, green, unripe”) and Manx glass (“green, grey, pale, raw”).

glasu

to turn pale, grey or blue; to become green or verdant

glaswelw brych las

grey fleabitten grey, grey speckled grey

(archaic) green (of plants), verdant, unripe


cobalto

From New Latin cōbaltum, derived from German Kobalt, derived from Kobolet, alteration of Kobold (“elf, goblin”).

Videro tutti là, di soprassalto, ¶ quella fanciulla, con le braccia in croce, ¶ bianca sul liscio lago di cobalto.

1909, Giovanni Pascoli, “L'altra faccia lunare [The Other Lunar Face]”, in Gli emigranti nella luna [The Migrants in the Moon], 4th edition, collected in Nuovi poemetti, Bologna: Nicola Zanichelli, published 1918, page 170, lines 32–34:

They all saw, suddenly, ¶ that lady, with arms crossed, ¶ white over the smooth cobalt lake.


plomo

From Latin plumbum, either taken as an early semi-learned term (Latin pl- normally becomes ll- in inherited Spanish), or alternatively, possibly borrowed from medieval Catalan (see plom) or Aragonese, or even Mozarabic (as most of the lead in Spain came from Almería in Andalusia), although the latter seems unlikely as the Mozarabic result should be *plombo; it is also not impossible that a conservative pronunciation was maintained among the upper classes. The Latin term is related to Ancient Greek μόλυβδος (mólubdos, “lead”), possibly from Etruscan. See also Portuguese chumbo, which was inherited and underwent the regular sound change, and prumo, which is semi-learned. Cognate with English plumb.


verde

an-adj

verde (feminine verda, masculine plural verdes, feminine plural verdas)

verda (feminine)
verdes (masculine plural)
verdas (feminine plural)

Inherited from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis.


verde

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis. Cognate with English verdure, French vert, and various Romance homonyms.


verde

From Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis. Cognates include Italian verde and French vert.


verde

From Old Galician-Portuguese verde, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Latin viridis. Cognate with English verdure and vert, as well as various Romance homonyms.


verde

Borrowed from Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese verde.