petty

en-adj

petty (comparative pettier or more petty, superlative pettiest or most petty)

pettier (comparative)
more petty (comparative)
pettiest (superlative)
most petty (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English peti, pety (“little, small; minor”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman petit, Middle French petit, and Old French peti, petit, pitet (“young; little, small; inferior; insignificant”) (modern French petit), ultimately of imitative origin. It is no longer thought that the word is derived from Celtic. Doublet of petit and petite.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

Such literature may well be anathema to those who are too docile and petty for their own good.

That corporation is only slightly pettier than they are greedy, and they are overdue to reap the consequences.

[C]ommonly, it is leſſe diſhonourable, to abridge pettie Charges, then to ſtoope to pettie Gettings.

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Expence”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, page 166:

I will give you the slightest, pettiest instance of the hindrance which the pettiest official can make out here, if so minded. […] [T]he Senior Purveyor at Balaclava refuses to cash my Cheques, for no other reason discoverable than the love of petty annoyance & the hope of injuring my credit, in the minds of ignorant servants.

1856 March 6, Florence Nightingale, “The ‘Confidential Report’ [Letter to Uncle Sam Smith]”, in Sue M. Goldie, editor, Florence Nightingale: Letters from the Crimea 1854–1856, Manchester, New York, N.Y.: Mandolin, Manchester University Press, published 1997, →ISBN, page 225:

He began to walk up and down the room, and she grew more and more vexed at his dignified behaviour. She had counted on his being petty. It would have made things easier for her. By a cruel irony she was drawing but all that was finest in his disposition.

1908, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, “Lying to Cecil”, in A Room with a View, London: Edward Arnold, →OCLC, part II, page 264:

But while in the beginning those political criteria [in Italian railway construction] were grandiose and national, just and even necessary, later they were to become pettier and pettier, to the point that they were almost always more regional than rational.

2013, Tim Parks, “Verona–Milano”, in Italian Ways: On and Off the Rails from Milan to Palermo, London: Harvill Secker, →ISBN, page 87:

Their conversations had become more fearful, even superstitious in the past month. They called her a ghost, or a demon, or a monster. She once found one of them crying in the graveyard after midnight, praying in Latin, begging forgiveness, and she gave it to him after putting the scissor blade through his aorta. She didn't see any point in being petty. They were all going to die, and that would settle their accounts with her.

2023 October 12, HarryBlank, “Fire in the Hole”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-05-22:

Of persons or their behaviour: marked by or reflective of undesirably limited interests, sympathies, or views; begrudging, selfish, small-minded; also, preoccupied with subjects having little or no importance and not mindful of broader concerns.

մանր

of persons or their behaviour: marked by or reflective of undesirably limited interests, sympathies, or views; preoccupied with subjects having little or no importance and not mindful of broader concerns

My cousin is so petty—I forgot his birthday and he's been making snarky comments all week.

All of the horrors that happen in the book are based on real incidents, including the burning of her father's books in their front yard. "It was just a very petty, ugly thing to do, to say 'Fuck you' to academics and intellectuals," she says. " I can't imagine losing my books, the books I love."

2020 November 14, Lisa Allardice, “Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: 'America under Trump felt like a personal loss'”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-29:

Your manager is just being petty. Ignore her silly provocations.

2021 April 2, Roxane Gay, “Sorry, Sometimes You Do Have to Be Uncomfortable”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-30:

(informal) Inclined to cause frustration or annoyance to others out of spite over minor grievances; extremely vindictive.


petty

If these houses had been built by his Lordship every one would have had his petty, at all events dividing the odour & also having a chance that some of the occupiers would clean out—but a common occupation is nobody's business, unless the owner of all the buildings takes it in hand.

1848 September 27, Maria Josepha Stanley, Baroness Stanley of Alderley, “[Letter 245]”, in Nancy Mitford, editor, The Ladies of Alderley: Being the Letters between Maria Josepha, Lady Stanley of Alderley, and Her Daughter-in-law Henrietta Maria Stanley during the Years 1841–1850, London: Hamish Hamilton, published 1967, →OCLC, page 172:

Cottages occupied by Betty Hines and others; petty in a very filthy state, wants walling. Two petties belonging to Mr. James Parr to be walled, and one next Thomas Wilkinson's to be removed further off.

1852, Robert Rawlinson, “Appendix”, in Report to the General Board of Health on a Preliminary Inquiry into the Sewerage, Drainage, and Supply of Water, and the Sanitary Condition of the Inhabitants of the Township of Barton-upon-Irwell, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, London: […] George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […] for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →OCLC, page 47:

We have an evil in the excretal deposits, and in the ashes an antidote; but instead of applying the antidote, we keep the evil to itself, and suffer it to exercise its unmitigated power over the health of the household. […] Now the simple remedy for this would be, to construct the petties with several steps upward and backward, so as to be more over the centre of the ash-pit. […] Such an arrangement would ensure the mingling of the ashes with the excreta, by which the latter would be deodorised, and the evil suppressed.

1868 January 1, “The Sanitary Condition of Manchester”, in The Manchester Monthly Record and Advertiser, Manchester: Abel Heywood and Son, […]; London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co.; and Heywood and Co., […], →OCLC, page 32:

(dialectal, euphemistic, informal) An outbuilding used as a lavatory; an outhouse, a privy.

(class):

(school):

[…] I took my seat in what was denominated, "The Idle Class", that is, at the very bottom of the school, where all those who have not received some previous instruction in Latin are placed. I however soon got out of that disgraceful and ignorant form, passed with rapidity and eclat the under and upper petty, and entered into the upper first, […]

1808–1810 (date written), William Hickey, “Early School Days”, in Alfred Spencer, editor, Memoirs of William Hickey, 7th edition, volumes I (1749–1775), London: Hurst & Blackett, […], published [1913?], →OCLC, page 13:

[S]uch a difference of age between lads at a public school puts intimacy out of the question—a junior ensign being no more familiar with the commander-in-chief at the Horse-Guards; or a barrister on his first circuit with my Lord Chief Justice on the bench, than the newly-breeched infant in the Petties with a senior boy in a tailed coat.

1854, Arthur Pendennis [pseudonym; William Makepeace Thackeray], “In which the Author and the Hero Resume Their Acquaintance”, in The Newcomes: Memoirs of a Most Respectable Family, volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], →OCLC, page 33:

(historical) A class or school for young schoolboys.

[S]ome of them, which were the Petties and Punies of that ſchoole, whereof old Martin [Marprelate] was the maſter; though then he was but as ſome blinde and obſcure pariſh Clarke that taught in the Belfrie, not preſuming, as hee doth nowe, to preſſe into the Church, (that place in reſpect of the appurtenances being fitter for him) began but rawly with their little a, b, c.

1589, attributed to Thomas Nashe, “To the Discreet and Indifferent Reader”, in Martins Months Minde, that is, A Certaine Report, and True Description of the Death, and Funerals, of Olde Martin Marre-prelate, the Great Makebate of England, and Father of the Factions. […]; republished in Alexander B[alloch] Grosart, editor, The Complete Works of Thomas Nashe. […] (The Huth Library), volume I, [London; Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: […] Hazell, Watson, and Viney] for private circulation only, 1883–1884, →OCLC, page 150:

As the maiden therefore vvas comming into the market place, (for there vvere the ſchools for peties kept, of reading and vvriting) the Decemvirs man (a broker to ſerve his maſters luſt) laid hold upon her, avovving that ſhe vvas his bond-ſervants daughter, and therefore his bond-maid: commanding her to follovv him, and threatning beſides, that if ſhe made any ſtays, he vvould have her avvay perforce.

1659, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “[Book III]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] W. Hunt, for George Sawbridge, […], →OCLC, page 97:

The Free Grammar School, at Cartmel, was originally only a parochial seminary, under the superintendence of the churchwardens and sidesmen of the parish, who, for a series of years, hired a master to whom they paid the interest of a few small bequests, the remainder of his salary being made up by quarterage from the scholars, except the children of poor parents, who were taught free. In 1635, the quarterage from grammarians was sixpence, and for petties, little ones, fourpence. […] In 1674, the quarterage for grammarians was raised to 8d., but no alteration was made for the petties.

1849, P. J. Mannex, “History, Topography, and Directory, of Furness and Cartmel, in Lancashire”, in History, Topography, and Directory, of Westmorland; and Lonsdale North of the Sands, in Lancashire; […], London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., […]; Beverley, Yorkshire: […] W. B. Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 377:

(obsolete, chiefly in the plural, also figuratively) A little schoolboy, either in grade or size.


crappy

crappy (comparative crappier, superlative crappiest)

crappier (comparative)
crappiest (superlative)

That is such a crappy car.

The referee just made a really crappy call.

The food there used to be good but now it's crappy.

Think of the content mill as a modern-day literary sweatshop—writers hunkering down at hot keyboards, plowing away at 3,000 word articles for, literally, pennies. Content mills were born because someone figured out that by targeting popular search result terms, they could commission an army of crappy posts catering to these terms and dominate Google's results.

2015, Zachary Petit, The Essential Guide to Freelance Writing, Penguin, →ISBN:

She took a leap in 2019 and bought an investment property, a duplex in Missoula, Mont., intending to live in one unit and rent the other. “It was the crappiest house on the block,” she said.

2022 July 29, Jennifer Miller, “Investing in Real Estate as Self-Care”, in The New York Times:

“Many scientists and historians think we’re entering into a new epoch — one where things are simply … well, crappier,” declares the opening voice-over in a thick northern English accent (regularly used in Britain to indicate no-nonsense, tongue-in-cheek pragmatism).

2024 February 5, Elizabeth Paton, “Will Shoppers Ever Care About the Destruction of the Planet?”, in The New York Times:

(chiefly Canada, US, colloquial, mildly vulgar) Of very poor quality; unpleasant; distasteful.


kamera

kamera (nominative singular)
kamery (nominative plural)
kamery (genitive singular)
kamer (genitive plural)
kamerze (dative singular)
kamerom (dative plural)
kamerę (accusative singular)
kamery (accusative plural)
kamerą (instrumental singular)
kamerami (instrumental plural)
kamerze (locative singular)
kamerach (locative plural)
kamero (singular vocative)
kamery (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Latin camera, from Ancient Greek καμάρα (kamára), from Old Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *kamarā-, from *kamárati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kmárati, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em-. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English camera. Doublet of komora.


siege

From Middle English sege, from Old French sege, siege, seige (modern French siège), from Vulgar Latin *sēdicum, from Latin sēdicŭlum, sēdēcula (“small seat”), from Latin sēdēs (“seat”).

Thou art very Trinculo indeed! How cam'st thou / to be the siege of this moon-calf? Can he vent Trinculos?

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

(obsolete) Excrements, stool, fecal matter.

A seat.
Excrements, stool, fecal matter.


sauna

sauna (nominative singular)
saunat (nominative plural)
sauna (accusative nominative singular)
saunat (accusative nominative plural)
saunan (accusative genitive singular)
saunat (accusative genitive plural)
saunan (genitive singular)
saunojen (genitive plural)
saunain (genitive plural rare)
saunaa (partitive singular)
saunoja (partitive plural)
saunassa (inessive singular)
saunoissa (inessive plural)
saunasta (elative singular)
saunoista (elative plural)
saunaan (illative singular)
saunoihin (illative plural)
saunalla (adessive singular)
saunoilla (adessive plural)
saunalta (ablative singular)
saunoilta (ablative plural)
saunalle (allative singular)
saunoille (allative plural)
saunana (essive singular)
saunoina (essive plural)
saunaksi (singular translative)
saunoiksi (plural translative)
saunatta (abessive singular)
saunoitta (abessive plural)
saunoin (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
saunani (nominative singular)
saunani (nominative plural)
saunani (accusative nominative singular)
saunani (accusative nominative plural)
saunani (accusative genitive singular)
saunani (accusative genitive plural)
saunani (genitive singular)
saunojeni (genitive plural)
saunaini (genitive plural rare)
saunaani (partitive singular)
saunojani (partitive plural)
saunassani (inessive singular)
saunoissani (inessive plural)
saunastani (elative singular)
saunoistani (elative plural)
saunaani (illative singular)
saunoihini (illative plural)
saunallani (adessive singular)
saunoillani (adessive plural)
saunaltani (ablative singular)
saunoiltani (ablative plural)
saunalleni (allative singular)
saunoilleni (allative plural)
saunanani (essive singular)
saunoinani (essive plural)
saunakseni (singular translative)
saunoikseni (plural translative)
saunattani (abessive singular)
saunoittani (abessive plural)
saunoineni (comitative plural)
saunasi (nominative singular)
saunasi (nominative plural)
saunasi (accusative nominative singular)
saunasi (accusative nominative plural)
saunasi (accusative genitive singular)
saunasi (accusative genitive plural)
saunasi (genitive singular)
saunojesi (genitive plural)
saunaisi (genitive plural rare)
saunaasi (partitive singular)
saunojasi (partitive plural)
saunassasi (inessive singular)
saunoissasi (inessive plural)
saunastasi (elative singular)
saunoistasi (elative plural)
saunaasi (illative singular)
saunoihisi (illative plural)
saunallasi (adessive singular)
saunoillasi (adessive plural)
saunaltasi (ablative singular)
saunoiltasi (ablative plural)
saunallesi (allative singular)
saunoillesi (allative plural)
saunanasi (essive singular)
saunoinasi (essive plural)
saunaksesi (singular translative)
saunoiksesi (plural translative)
saunattasi (abessive singular)
saunoittasi (abessive plural)
saunoinesi (comitative plural)
saunamme (nominative singular)
saunamme (nominative plural)
saunamme (accusative nominative singular)
saunamme (accusative nominative plural)
saunamme (accusative genitive singular)
saunamme (accusative genitive plural)
saunamme (genitive singular)
saunojemme (genitive plural)
saunaimme (genitive plural rare)
saunaamme (partitive singular)
saunojamme (partitive plural)
saunassamme (inessive singular)
saunoissamme (inessive plural)
saunastamme (elative singular)
saunoistamme (elative plural)
saunaamme (illative singular)
saunoihimme (illative plural)
saunallamme (adessive singular)
saunoillamme (adessive plural)
saunaltamme (ablative singular)
saunoiltamme (ablative plural)
saunallemme (allative singular)
saunoillemme (allative plural)
saunanamme (essive singular)
saunoinamme (essive plural)
saunaksemme (singular translative)
saunoiksemme (plural translative)
saunattamme (abessive singular)
saunoittamme (abessive plural)
saunoinemme (comitative plural)
saunanne (nominative singular)
saunanne (nominative plural)
saunanne (accusative nominative singular)
saunanne (accusative nominative plural)
saunanne (accusative genitive singular)
saunanne (accusative genitive plural)
saunanne (genitive singular)
saunojenne (genitive plural)
saunainne (genitive plural rare)
saunaanne (partitive singular)
saunojanne (partitive plural)
saunassanne (inessive singular)
saunoissanne (inessive plural)
saunastanne (elative singular)
saunoistanne (elative plural)
saunaanne (illative singular)
saunoihinne (illative plural)
saunallanne (adessive singular)
saunoillanne (adessive plural)
saunaltanne (ablative singular)
saunoiltanne (ablative plural)
saunallenne (allative singular)
saunoillenne (allative plural)
saunananne (essive singular)
saunoinanne (essive plural)
saunaksenne (singular translative)
saunoiksenne (plural translative)
saunattanne (abessive singular)
saunoittanne (abessive plural)
saunoinenne (comitative plural)
saunansa (nominative singular)
saunansa (nominative plural)
saunansa (accusative nominative singular)
saunansa (accusative nominative plural)
saunansa (accusative genitive singular)
saunansa (accusative genitive plural)
saunansa (genitive singular)
saunojensa (genitive plural)
saunainsa (genitive plural rare)
saunaansa (partitive singular)
saunojaan (partitive plural)
saunojansa (partitive plural)
saunassaan (inessive singular)
saunassansa (inessive singular)
saunoissaan (inessive plural)
saunoissansa (inessive plural)
saunastaan (elative singular)
saunastansa (elative singular)
saunoistaan (elative plural)
saunoistansa (elative plural)
saunaansa (illative singular)
saunoihinsa (illative plural)
saunallaan (adessive singular)
saunallansa (adessive singular)
saunoillaan (adessive plural)
saunoillansa (adessive plural)
saunaltaan (ablative singular)
saunaltansa (ablative singular)
saunoiltaan (ablative plural)
saunoiltansa (ablative plural)
saunalleen (allative singular)
saunallensa (allative singular)
saunoilleen (allative plural)
saunoillensa (allative plural)
saunanaan (essive singular)
saunanansa (essive singular)
saunoinaan (essive plural)
saunoinansa (essive plural)
saunakseen (singular translative)
saunaksensa (singular translative)
saunoikseen (plural translative)
saunoiksensa (plural translative)
saunattaan (abessive singular)
saunattansa (abessive singular)
saunoittaan (abessive plural)
saunoittansa (abessive plural)
saunoineen (comitative plural)
saunoinensa (comitative plural)

→ English: sauna

→ French: sauna

→ German: Sauna

→ Norwegian Bokmål: sauna

→ Russian: са́уна (sáuna) (see there for further descendants)

[ˈs̠ɑ̝u̯nɑ̝]

From Proto-Finnic *sakna, possibly borrowed from early Proto-Germanic *stakna- (later *stakkaz, whence English stack). Cognates include Estonian saun, Karelian soakna. Older sense "winter dwelling, a pit dug into snow for temporary shelter", compare Northern Sami suovdnji (“pit dug in snow”).

cog

turkkilainen sauna

Any bath where sweating is part of the bathing process.


sauna

sauna (nominative singular)
sauny (nominative plural)
sauny (genitive singular)
saun (genitive plural)
saunie (dative singular)
saunom (dative plural)
saunę (accusative singular)
sauny (accusative plural)
sauną (instrumental singular)
saunami (instrumental plural)
saunie (locative singular)
saunach (locative plural)
sauno (singular vocative)
sauny (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English sauna, French sauna, German Sauna, ultimately from Finnish sauna, from Proto-Finnic *sakna.


prairie dog

en-verb

prairie dog (third-person singular simple present prairie dogs, present participle prairie dogging, simple past and past participle prairie dogged)

prairie dogs (present singular third-person)
prairie dogging (participle present)
prairie dogged (participle past)
prairie dogged (past)

By analogy with how the animal pops its head up from its burrow.

2001, Andy Breckman, Rat Race
[Kimberly needs to go to the bathroom] Dad, I'm prairie dogging it! What the hell does that mean? You know, like when a prairie dog sticks his head in and out of the ground.

I'm about to crap my pants.
Je vais me faire au froc.
I'm prairie-dogging it.
J'ai le cigare au bout des lèvres.
Literally, “the cigar is at the edge of my lips”

2008, Adrien Clautrier with Rowe, Henry and Mack, Lindsay, Dirty French: Everyday Slang from "What's Up?" to "F*%# Off!", Berkeley: Ulysses Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 54:

[…] Postin' Up On the Blaster / Power Dump / Prairie-Dogging it / Press a Loaf Purp […]

2009, Brian J. Baker, Yuck! ...That Guy Didn't Wash His Hands!: The Complete Guide to the American Man's Bathroom Experience, American Bathroom Experience, →ISBN, page 150:

“Oh, God stop, stop,” Kat said, holding her side, “I'm starting to prairie dog.” […] “You know, prairie dogging,” Kat said, trying to explain between breaths. “When it pokes its head out of the hole and then back in, out and in, out and in.”

2011, David, Jr. Rivera, Harlem's Dragon: The Love You Can't Fight, Largo: Strebo Books, →ISBN, page 162:

2011, Various, David Mack, James Robinson, Ty Templeton, Alan Moore, Jeph Loeb, Kurt Busiek, Vampirella Masters Series 4: The Lost Tales
...They are gonna get a mouthful and a pantful. Crappin their shorts all the way into next week... Yeah those little bastards will be prairie dogging it all the way home!

(slang, euphemistic) To struggle to hold back an involuntary bowel movement.


kitchen

→ Bole: kicin

→ Hausa: kicin

→ Hindi: किचन (kican)

→ Fiji Hindi: kichin

desc

→ Japanese: キッチン (kitchin), キチン (kichin)

→ Saanich: kəčən

→ Sotho: kitjhine

→ Urdu: کچن (kicin)

→ Xhosa: ikhitshi

→ Zulu: ikhishi

From Middle English kychyn, kytchen, kichene, küchen, from Old English cyċen, cyċene, from Proto-West Germanic *kukinā, a borrowing from Late Latin cocīna, from earlier coquīna (“kitchen; cuisine”), from coquō (“to cook”), from Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ- (“to cook, become ripe”).
In other languages, the cognate term often refers both to the room and the type of cooking. In English, the distinction is generally made via the etymological twins kitchen (“room”) (Latin via Germanic) and cuisine (“type of cooking”) (Latin via French).

der

if you can't take the heat, get out of the kitchen

I had been trained with the rigidity and discipline of the French kitchen, and now I was embracing American informality.

2011, Jacques Pépin, Essential Pépin: More Than 700 All-Time Favorites from My Life in Food, →ISBN:

My palate passionately lies in the savory kitchen with its salty fats and infernal flavors of chilies and spices.

2011, Daniel Orr, Paradise Kitchen: Caribbean Cooking with Chef Daniel Orr, →ISBN, page 221:

Kline wrote that, according to various recent surveys, the young Israeli-born generation generally preferred a Mediterranean diet and dishes from the “Oriental” kitchen.

2015, Yael Raviv, Falafel Nation: Cuisine and the Making of National Identity in Israel, →ISBN:

Named for the La Merced monastery, which was built in 1594 and on whose grounds the market is now located, it is just east of Mexico City's famed Zócalo plaza and is a must-visit for anyone wanting to experience the many delectable specialties of the Mexican kitchen.

2015, Mimi Sheraton, 1,000 Foods To Eat Before You Die: A Food Lover's Life List, →ISBN, page 651:

(by extension) Cuisine; style of cooking.

(chiefly African-American Vernacular) The nape of a person's hairline, often referring to its uncombed or "nappy" look.

Having done what was required to gain admittance to the "kitchen," as the public rooms are termed, as well as to the more exclusive "Salle Privée" […]

1925, William Rutherford Hayes Trowbridge, In the sun with a passport, page 31:

But on this June evening when Bond walked through the 'kitchen' into the salle privée, it was with a sensation of confidence and cheerful anticipation that he changed a million francs into plaques of fifty mille and took a seat […]

(slang) A public gaming room in a casino.

The region of a billiard table between the head rail and the head string.


merda

it-noun

merda f (plural merde, diminutive merdìna or merdolìna, pejorative merdàccia (“shitty person”))

merde (plural)
merdìna (diminutive)
merdolìna (diminutive)
merdàccia (pejorative)

→ Alemannic German: merde

→ Aromanian: merdu

From Latin merda, from Proto-Italic *(s)merdā, from Proto-Indo-European *smerd-h₂- (“stench”).

(vulgar, slang, figurative) shit, crap (all senses)


constitutional

en-adj

constitutional (comparative more constitutional, superlative most constitutional)

more constitutional (comparative)
most constitutional (superlative)

PIE word
 *ḱóm
From constitution + -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Constitution is derived from Middle English constitucioun, constitucion (“edict, law, ordinance, regulation, rule, statute; body of laws or rules, or customs; body of fundamental principles; principle or rule (of science); creation”) from Old French constitucion (modern French constitution), a learned borrowing from Latin cōnstitūtiō, cōnstitūtiōnem (“character, constitution, disposition, nature; definition; point in dispute; order, regulation; arrangement, system”), from cōnstituō (“to establish, set up; to confirm; to decide, resolve”) (from con- (prefix indicating a being or bringing together of several objects) + statuō (“to set up, station; to establish; to determine, fix”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”))) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or the results of actions), -tiōnem (accusative singular of -tiō).

der

a constitutional walk

For the benefit of one's constitution or health.

بُنْيَوِيّ

for the benefit of one's constitution or health


nursery

en-noun

nursery (countable and uncountable, plural nurseries)

Carolina Stanley
Fritz von Uhde
Kunsthalle Hamburg
María Eugenia Vidal

From Middle English noricerie, norserye (“children's nursery; state of being fostered or nursed; education, upbringing”) [and other forms], from Old French norricerie, nourricerie, from norrice, nourrice (modern French nourrice (“childminder, nanny; wet nurse”)) + -erie (suffix forming feminine nouns). Norrice and nourrice are derived from Late Latin nūtrīcia (“wet nurse”), from Latin nūtrīcius (“that nurses or suckles; nourishing”), from nūtriō (“to breastfeed, nurse, suckle”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)neh₂- (“to flow”). The English word may be analysed as nourice, nurse + -ery (suffix forming nouns meaning ‘place of’).

refn

From the collection of the Kunsthalle Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

nb...

norceri, norcerie, norcery, norcerye, norisri, norisrie, norisserie, norisserye, norserie, norserye, norsheri, norshery, norysrye, nursery

де́тска я́сла

place where nursing or the raising of children is carried out

разса́дник

place where anything is fostered and growth promoted

(countable) A place where nursing (“breastfeeding”) or the raising of children is carried on.

(UK, chiefly British) An institution for small children who not yet have begun primary school during daytime (when their parents work); a daycare centre.

я́слі

place where the pre-school children of working parents are supervised during the day — see also nursery school


necessary

en-adj

necessary (comparative necessarier or more necessary, superlative necessariest or most necessary)

necessarier (comparative)
more necessary (comparative)
necessariest (superlative)
most necessary (superlative)

/ˈnɛsəˌsɛɹi/

/ˈnɛsəˌsɛɹi/

From Middle English necessarye, from Old French necessaire, from Latin necessārius (“unavoidable, inevitable, required”), variant of necesse (“unavoidable, inevitable”), probably from ne or non cessum, from the perfect passive participle of cēdō (“yield; avoid, withdraw”); see cede.
Older use as a noun in reference to an outhouse or lavatory under the influence of English and Latin necessārium, a medieval term for the place for monks’ “unavoidable” business, usually located behind or attached to monastic dormitories.

der

Although I wished to think that all was false, it was yet necessary that I, who thus thought, must in some sense exist.

It is absolutely necessary that you call and confirm your appointment.

1.Sen. ...The faults Bloody:
'Tis necessary he should dye:
Nothing imboldens sinne so much, as Mercy.

c. 1605–1608, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Tymon of Athens”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi], lines 1258-60:

Required, essential, whether logically inescapable or needed in order to achieve a desired result or avoid some penalty.


fen

fennes (plural)
fen (accusative nominative singular)
fennes (accusative nominative plural)
fennes (genitive singular)
fenne (genitive plural)
fennes (genitive plural)
fenne (dative singular)
fennen (dative plural)

English: fen

Scots: fen

Yola: ven

From Old English fenn; from Proto-West Germanic *fani, from Proto-Germanic *fanją. The "dung" sense is influenced by Old French fien.


store

English: store

Scots: store

→ Welsh: stôr

From Anglo-Norman stor, estour, ultimately from Latin instaurare. Compare warnestore.


place

en-noun

place (countable and uncountable, plural places)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

From Middle English place, conflation of Old English plæċe (“place, an open space, street”) and Old French place (“place, an open space”), both from Latin platea (“plaza, wide street”), from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa), shortening of πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateîa hodós, “broad way”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“to spread”), extended form of *pleh₂- (“flat”). Displaced native Old English stōw, stede, and -ern. Compare also English pleck (“plot of ground”), West Frisian plak (“place, spot, location”), Dutch plek (“place, spot, patch”). Doublet of piatza, piazza, and plaza.

pleace

some English dialects: 18th–19th centuries; Scots: until the 17th century

all over the place like a mad woman's custard

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

there is a place and time for everything

there is a time and place for everything

there's a time and a place for everything

Ay, sir, the other squirrel was stolen from me by the hangman's boys in the market-place

c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:

(physical) An area; somewhere within an area.

An open space, particularly a city square, market square, or courtyard.


place

q

dialectal <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">pleace</i>

English: place (dialectal pleace)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

Scots: place, pleece

From Old English plæċe and Old French place, both from Latin platea, from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa).

A place, area or spot; a part of the Earth or universe:

(rare) A city square, market square, or courtyard.

A location or position in or on a larger space (occupied by something or someone):

(mathematics) The place of a digit in a number written with Arabic numerals.

A place, station, or position; an appropriate or designated spot:

The usual location or place of something (e.g. an animal's dwelling).


shit oneself

en-verb

shit oneself (third-person singular simple present shits oneself, present participle shitting oneself, simple past and past participle shit oneself or shitted oneself or shat oneself)

shits oneself (present singular third-person)
shitting oneself (participle present)
shit oneself (participle past)
shit oneself (past)
shitted oneself (participle past)
shitted oneself (past)
shat oneself (participle past)
shat oneself (past)

(vulgar, slang, figurative) To be very frightened or astonished (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bowels).

fill one's pants

figurative sense; non-vulgar slang terms


shite

en-noun

shite (usually uncountable, plural shites)

From the Middle English shite, schite, scīte (“excrement”), cognate with Middle Low German schīte, Middle High German schīze, Dutch schijt. Compare Middle English shitel, scitel, scytel (“dung, excrement”), from Old English sċitel. More at shit. Doublet of scheisse.

That’s a load of shite.

Look at all this shite.

(chiefly UK, Ireland, vulgar) Shit; trash; rubbish; nonsense

He's a useless shite.

(chiefly UK, Ireland, vulgar, derogatory, uncommon) A foolish or deceitful person.


shite

en-adj

shite (comparative more shite, superlative most shite)

more shite (comparative)
most shite (superlative)

The film was utter shite.

(chiefly UK, Ireland, vulgar) Bad; awful; shit.


shite

Shite! I left my wallet at home.

(chiefly UK, Ireland, vulgar) An expression of annoyance or dismay.


shite

en-verb

shite (third-person singular simple present shites, present participle shiting, simple past shited or shit or shat, past participle shited or shitten)

shites (present singular third-person)
shiting (participle present)
shited (past)
shit (past)
shat (past)
shited (participle past)
shitten (participle past)

From Middle English schiten, from Old English sċītan (“to defecate, shit”), from Proto-West Germanic *skītan, from Proto-Germanic *skītaną (“to defecate”), from Proto-Indo-European *sḱeyd-, *skeyt- (“to vomit, retch, shit”, literally “to shed”). Cognate with Dutch schijten (“to shit”), German scheißen (“to shit”), Swedish skita (“to shit”), Irish sceith, sgeith (“act of spewing, vomiting, shedding”), Albanian shqit (“to tear, separate”).

inh

[…] it still softened my heart to see a man hurt so badly he sobbed and shited on himself.

2004, Robert Morgan, Brave enemies, page 38:

He would probably have a head full of locks. Who has time to be pretty when people are hurting? Crying. Shiting on themselves trying to beat heroin.

2007, Talonie Starr, Growth Manifesto, page 173:

I have eaten a dishful of curds,
And I have shitten your mouth full of turds.

2011, Douglas Bruster, Eric Rasmussen, Everyman and Mankind:

(UK, chiefly Scotland, Ireland, vulgar) To defecate.


foyer

Borrowed from French foyer (“hearth, lobby”), in turn from Vulgar Latin *focārium, from Late Latin focārius, from Latin focus (“hearth”). Cognate with Spanish hogar (“home”).

We had a drink in the foyer waiting for the play to start.

Now it's big black cars and Riviera views / And your lover in the foyer doesn't even know you / And your secrets end up splashed on the news front page

2012, Taylor Swift (lyrics and music), “The Lucky One”, in Red (Taylor's Version), published 2021:

"He's been waiting to jump my brain-bones since I left R&E. I could feel him hammering on the door." She trotted to the nearest wall and knocked on it for emphasis. "But whatever it is that makes us remember the good old days, it also makes us impossible to possess now. That's why Willie and I both woke up, and why Noè never got taken out by Mukami. So all I had to do was open my mind up to the guy, invite him in, then... gas the foyer, as it were."

2023 October 14, HarryBlank, “Face Time”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-05-23:

A lobby, corridor, or waiting room, used in a hotel, theater, etc.


foyer

→ Crimean Tatar: foye

→ Czech: foyer

→ English: foyer

→ German: Foyer

→ Italian: foyer

→ Norwegian Bokmål: foajé

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: foajé

→ Polish: foyer

→ Russian: фойе́ (fojé) (see there for further descendants)

→ Slovak: foyer

→ Spanish: foyer

→ Serbo-Croatian: foaje

→ Turkish: fuaye

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *focārium, nominalization of the Late Latin adjective focārius, from Latin focus (“hearth”).


foyer

Unadapted borrowing from French foyer, from Vulgar Latin *focārium, nominalization of the Late Latin adjective focārius, from Latin focus. Doublet of fokus.

foyer (lobby, corridor, or waiting room)


garbage

English: garbage

desc

Yola: graabache, graapish (influenced by garbage)


gordo

es-noun

gordo m (plural gordos, feminine gorda, feminine plural gordas)

gordos (plural)
gorda (feminine)
gordas (feminine plural)

(informal, euphemistic) feces, the act of defecation, number two


spraint

Old French espraintes, espreintes, French épreintes from espreinte (“a desire to go to stool”); cf. épreinte (“a piece of otter dung”).

In this region the average spraint number per site is 3.9.

Figure 1 shows a photograph of an otter spraint.


mest

→ Caribbean Hindustani: mes

→ Caribbean Javanese: mès

→ Papiamentu: mèst, mest

From Middle Dutch mest, from Old Dutch *mist, from Proto-West Germanic *mistu, from Proto-Germanic *mihstuz. Probably derived from *mīganą (“to urinate”) + *-þuz.
Cognate with Old Saxon mist, Old High German mist, German Mist, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 (maihstus). More distantly related to Middle Dutch mes, mis, Old Saxon mehs, West Frisian mjoks, mjuks, Old English meox.


studio

→ Japanese: スタジオ

→ Norwegian: studio

From Italian studio (“room for study”), from Latin studium.
Doublet of study and etude.

His studio was cramped when he began as an artist.

An artist’s or photographer’s workshop or the room in which an artist works.

The recording studio had some slight echo, but was good enough to make a demo.

The studio was dark and cool, with thick cords running from one end to the other and huge cameras on either side, each primed to swivel and record what the lights from above illuminated.

2022, Bonnie Garmus, Lessons in Chemistry, Penguin (2023), page 285:

A place where radio or television programs, records or films are made.

estudiu

It’s a lovely little studio with almost a river view.


studio

eo-head

studio (accusative singular studion, plural studioj, accusative plural studiojn)

studion (accusative singular)
studioj (plural)
studiojn (accusative plural)
studias (present)
studiis (past)
studios (future)
studianta (active participle present singular)
studiantaj (active participle plural present)
studiinta (active participle past singular)
studiintaj (active participle past plural)
studionta (active future participle singular)
studiontaj (active future participle plural)
studiantan (accusative active participle present singular)
studiantajn (accusative active participle plural present)
studiintan (accusative active participle past singular)
studiintajn (accusative active participle past plural)
studiontan (accusative active future participle singular)
studiontajn (accusative active future participle plural)
studiata (participle passive present singular)
studiataj (participle passive plural present)
studiita (participle passive past singular)
studiitaj (participle passive past plural)
studiota (future participle passive singular)
studiotaj (future participle passive plural)
studiatan (accusative participle passive present singular)
studiatajn (accusative participle passive plural present)
studiitan (accusative participle passive past singular)
studiitajn (accusative participle passive past plural)
studiotan (accusative future participle passive singular)
studiotajn (accusative future participle passive plural)
studianto (active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
studiantoj (active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
studiinto (active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
studiintoj (active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
studionto (active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
studiontoj (active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
studianton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle present singular)
studiantojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle plural present)
studiinton (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past singular)
studiintojn (accusative active noun-from-verb participle past plural)
studionton (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle singular)
studiontojn (accusative active future noun-from-verb participle plural)
studiato (noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
studiatoj (noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
studiito (noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
studiitoj (noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
studioto (future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
studiotoj (future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
studiaton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive present singular)
studiatojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive plural present)
studiiton (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past singular)
studiitojn (accusative noun-from-verb participle passive past plural)
studioton (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive singular)
studiotojn (accusative future noun-from-verb participle passive plural)
studiante (active adverbial participle present)
studiinte (active adverbial participle past)
studionte (active adverbial future participle)
studiate (adverbial participle passive present)
studiite (adverbial participle passive past)
studiote (adverbial future participle passive)
studii (infinitive)
studiu (imperative)
studius (conditional)

From French studio, Italian studio, English studio, Portuguese estúdio, Romanian studio, from Latin studium. Doublet of studi.

Mi havas komfortan studion en mia loĝejo.

I have a comfortable studio in my apartment.

studio (artist's workshop, recording studio, one-room apartment, etc.)


studio

studyjny (adjective)
studio (nominative singular)
studia (nominative plural)
studia (genitive singular)
studiów (genitive plural)
studiu (dative singular)
studiom (dative plural)
studio (accusative singular)
studia (accusative plural)
studiem (instrumental singular)
studiami (instrumental plural)
studiu (locative singular)
studiach (locative plural)
studio (singular vocative)
studia (plural vocative)

Borrowed from Italian studio. Doublet of etiuda, studia, and studium.

parlor, service point, shop, store (used especially for shops in a shopping center)


guano

en-noun

guano (countable and uncountable, plural guanos or guanoes)

Borrowed from Spanish guano, from Quechua wanu.

The guano, so extensively used for manure, is full of the most beautiful infusoria, some of them splendidly iridiscent; and there is no better method of testing the genuineness of this useful substance than by the microscope.

1799, Edwin Sidney, Blights of the Wheat, and Their Remedies, page 175:

In the second experiment, a comparative trial was made between guano and bone-dust mixed with coal ashes.

1844, J. Ridgway, Peruvian and Bolivian Guano, its nature, properties and results, page 22:

Low-grade phosphatic guanos can be mixed with coffee hulls and pulp, which contain a small amount of potash.

1918, Philip Lindsey Gile, The bat guanos of Porto Rico and their fertilizing value, page 60:

The great white bat has great white guano!


guano

guano (nominative singular)
guana (genitive singular)
guanu (dative singular)
guano (accusative singular)
guanem (instrumental singular)
guanie (locative singular)
guano (singular vocative)


guano

Borrowed from Spanish guano, from Quechua wanu (“dung”).


guano

→ English: guano

→ Finnish: guano

→ French: guano
→ Romanian: guano

→ Galician: guano

→ Irish: guanó

→ Japanese: グアノ (guano)

→ Polish: guano

→ Portuguese: guano

→ Russian: гуано (guano)

→ Tagalog: guwano


privy

en-adj

privy (comparative more privy, superlative most privy)

more privy (comparative)
most privy (superlative)

From Middle English pryvy, prive, from Old French privé (“private”), from Latin prīvātus (“deprived”), perfect passive participle of prīvō (“I bereave, deprive; I free, release”). Doublet of private.

The king retreated to his privy chamber.

the privy purse

(now chiefly historical) Private, exclusive; not public; one's own.

He was privy to the discussions.

William understood Diana more but idealized her less. He was privy to her volatile love life. He knew the tabloids made her life hell, but he also knew she colluded with them.

April 5 2022, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana’s Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair:


privy

An outdoor facility for urination and defecation, whether open (latrine) or enclosed (outhouse).

Arconum—I found two chairs wanting in the gentlemen's room, and the bath room attached applied to other purposes... the privies and urinaries clean...

1864 January 26, J.G. Lindsay, letter to P.P.L. O'Connel, §8

A toilet: a fixture used for urination and defecation.


jobbie

Ye had to watch no to step in mud or a puddle or else in jobby, dogs were aye doing jobbies, or else ye watched for broken glass.

2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin, published 2009, page 85:

(In particular Scotland, slang) Faeces; a piece of excrement.


john

From the male given name John (q.v.), whose ubiquity led to extensive use of the name in generic contexts. Its use for toilets derives from John and Cousin John, which both probably relate to jacques and jakes, used in equivalent senses by the British and Irish.

(slang, US) A device or place to urinate and defecate: now usually a toilet or lavatory, but also (dated) a chamber pot or outhouse.


lav

Please, miss, I need to go to the lav.

If you had too much slap on when you went out . . . your mates say too much slap on your ecaf. Yeah. Oh really girl? Yes . . . Go in the lavs here and have a look.

Quoted in 2006, Matt Houlbrook, Queer London (page 151)

(UK, Ireland, slang) Clipping of lavatory.


lodge

→ Dutch: lodge

From Middle English logge, from Old French loge (“arbour, covered walk-way”), from Frankish *laubijā (“shelter; arbour”), from Proto-West Germanic *laub (“leaf; folliage”) (whence English leaf).
See also (compare cognate Medieval Latin lobia, laubia; also Old High German louba (“porch, gallery”) (German Laube (“bower, arbor”)), Old High German loub (“leaf, foliage”), Old English lēaf (“leaf, foliage”). Doublet of loggia and lobby.

cog

[H]e walked across Hawthorn Tree Court on his way to the porter's lodge. […] At the lodge he cleared his pigeon-hole.

1991 September, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Liar, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, →OCLC, section I, page 39:

Short for porter's lodge: a building or room near the entrance of an estate or building, especially (UK, Canada) as a college mailroom.

porter's lodge

The tribe consists of about two hundred lodges, that is, of about a thousand individuals.

An indigenous American home, such as tipi or wigwam. By extension, the people who live in one such home; a household.

(historical) A family of Native Americans, or the persons who usually occupy an Indian lodge; as a unit of enumeration, reckoned from four to six persons.


hall

desc

→ Greek: χολ (chol), χωλ (chol), χωλλ (choll)

→ Japanese: ホール (hōru)

→ Korean: 홀 (hol)

→ Russian: холл (xoll)

Inherited from Middle English halle, from Old English heall (“hall, dwelling, house; palace, temple; law-court”), from Proto-West Germanic *hallu, from Proto-Germanic *hallō (“hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, conceal”).
Cognate with Scots hall, haw (“hall”), Dutch hal (“hall”), German Halle (“hall”), Norwegian hall (“hall”), Swedish hall (“hall”), Icelandic höll (“palace”), Latin cella (“room, cell”), Sanskrit शाला (śā́lā, “house, mansion, hall”). Doublet of cell and cella.


hall

hallok (plural)
hall (nominative singular)
hallok (nominative plural)
hallt (accusative singular)
hallokat (accusative plural)
hallnak (dative singular)
halloknak (dative plural)
hallal (instrumental singular)
hallokkal (instrumental plural)
hallért (causal-final singular)
hallokért (causal-final plural)
hallá (singular translative)
hallokká (plural translative)
hallig (singular terminative)
hallokig (plural terminative)
hallként (essive-formal singular)
hallokként (essive-formal plural)
hallul (essive-modal singular)
hallokul (essive-modal plural)
hallban (inessive singular)
hallokban (inessive plural)
hallon (singular superessive)
hallokon (plural superessive)
hallnál (adessive singular)
halloknál (adessive plural)
hallba (illative singular)
hallokba (illative plural)
hallra (singular sublative)
hallokra (plural sublative)
hallhoz (allative singular)
hallokhoz (allative plural)
hallból (elative singular)
hallokból (elative plural)
hallról (delative singular)
hallokról (delative plural)
halltól (ablative singular)
halloktól (ablative plural)
hallé (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
halloké (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
halléi (possessed-single possessive predicative singular)
hallokéi (plural possessed-single possessive predicative)
hallom (first-person possessed-single possessive singular)
halljaim (first-person possessed-many possessive singular)
hallod (possessed-single possessive second-person singular)
halljaid (possessed-many possessive second-person singular)
hallja (possessed-single possessive singular third-person)
halljai (possessed-many possessive singular third-person)
hallunk (first-person plural possessed-single possessive)
halljaink (first-person plural possessed-many possessive)
hallotok (plural possessed-single possessive second-person)
halljaitok (plural possessed-many possessive second-person)
halljuk (plural possessed-single possessive third-person)
halljaik (plural possessed-many possessive third-person)

middle-sized, windowless room, entryway, hallway (in a private flat/apartment, with a size not smaller than 8 m² [86 sq ft], with space for people, but without affording them privacy due to its being an entry to other rooms)

lobby, foyer, lounge (e.g. in a hotel or an opera house)


atrium

atrium (nominative singular)
atriumit (nominative plural)
atrium (accusative nominative singular)
atriumit (accusative nominative plural)
atriumin (accusative genitive singular)
atriumit (accusative genitive plural)
atriumin (genitive singular)
atriumien (genitive plural)
atriumia (partitive singular)
atriumeja (partitive plural)
atriumissa (inessive singular)
atriumeissa (inessive plural)
atriumista (elative singular)
atriumeista (elative plural)
atriumiin (illative singular)
atriumeihin (illative plural)
atriumilla (adessive singular)
atriumeilla (adessive plural)
atriumilta (ablative singular)
atriumeilta (ablative plural)
atriumille (allative singular)
atriumeille (allative plural)
atriumina (essive singular)
atriumeina (essive plural)
atriumiksi (singular translative)
atriumeiksi (plural translative)
atriumitta (abessive singular)
atriumeitta (abessive plural)
atriumein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
atriumini (nominative singular)
atriumini (nominative plural)
atriumini (accusative nominative singular)
atriumini (accusative nominative plural)
atriumini (accusative genitive singular)
atriumini (accusative genitive plural)
atriumini (genitive singular)
atriumieni (genitive plural)
atriumiani (partitive singular)
atriumejani (partitive plural)
atriumissani (inessive singular)
atriumeissani (inessive plural)
atriumistani (elative singular)
atriumeistani (elative plural)
atriumiini (illative singular)
atriumeihini (illative plural)
atriumillani (adessive singular)
atriumeillani (adessive plural)
atriumiltani (ablative singular)
atriumeiltani (ablative plural)
atriumilleni (allative singular)
atriumeilleni (allative plural)
atriuminani (essive singular)
atriumeinani (essive plural)
atriumikseni (singular translative)
atriumeikseni (plural translative)
atriumittani (abessive singular)
atriumeittani (abessive plural)
atriumeineni (comitative plural)
atriumisi (nominative singular)
atriumisi (nominative plural)
atriumisi (accusative nominative singular)
atriumisi (accusative nominative plural)
atriumisi (accusative genitive singular)
atriumisi (accusative genitive plural)
atriumisi (genitive singular)
atriumiesi (genitive plural)
atriumiasi (partitive singular)
atriumejasi (partitive plural)
atriumissasi (inessive singular)
atriumeissasi (inessive plural)
atriumistasi (elative singular)
atriumeistasi (elative plural)
atriumiisi (illative singular)
atriumeihisi (illative plural)
atriumillasi (adessive singular)
atriumeillasi (adessive plural)
atriumiltasi (ablative singular)
atriumeiltasi (ablative plural)
atriumillesi (allative singular)
atriumeillesi (allative plural)
atriuminasi (essive singular)
atriumeinasi (essive plural)
atriumiksesi (singular translative)
atriumeiksesi (plural translative)
atriumittasi (abessive singular)
atriumeittasi (abessive plural)
atriumeinesi (comitative plural)
atriumimme (nominative singular)
atriumimme (nominative plural)
atriumimme (accusative nominative singular)
atriumimme (accusative nominative plural)
atriumimme (accusative genitive singular)
atriumimme (accusative genitive plural)
atriumimme (genitive singular)
atriumiemme (genitive plural)
atriumiamme (partitive singular)
atriumejamme (partitive plural)
atriumissamme (inessive singular)
atriumeissamme (inessive plural)
atriumistamme (elative singular)
atriumeistamme (elative plural)
atriumiimme (illative singular)
atriumeihimme (illative plural)
atriumillamme (adessive singular)
atriumeillamme (adessive plural)
atriumiltamme (ablative singular)
atriumeiltamme (ablative plural)
atriumillemme (allative singular)
atriumeillemme (allative plural)
atriuminamme (essive singular)
atriumeinamme (essive plural)
atriumiksemme (singular translative)
atriumeiksemme (plural translative)
atriumittamme (abessive singular)
atriumeittamme (abessive plural)
atriumeinemme (comitative plural)
atriuminne (nominative singular)
atriuminne (nominative plural)
atriuminne (accusative nominative singular)
atriuminne (accusative nominative plural)
atriuminne (accusative genitive singular)
atriuminne (accusative genitive plural)
atriuminne (genitive singular)
atriumienne (genitive plural)
atriumianne (partitive singular)
atriumejanne (partitive plural)
atriumissanne (inessive singular)
atriumeissanne (inessive plural)
atriumistanne (elative singular)
atriumeistanne (elative plural)
atriumiinne (illative singular)
atriumeihinne (illative plural)
atriumillanne (adessive singular)
atriumeillanne (adessive plural)
atriumiltanne (ablative singular)
atriumeiltanne (ablative plural)
atriumillenne (allative singular)
atriumeillenne (allative plural)
atriuminanne (essive singular)
atriumeinanne (essive plural)
atriumiksenne (singular translative)
atriumeiksenne (plural translative)
atriumittanne (abessive singular)
atriumeittanne (abessive plural)
atriumeinenne (comitative plural)
atriuminsa (nominative singular)
atriuminsa (nominative plural)
atriuminsa (accusative nominative singular)
atriuminsa (accusative nominative plural)
atriuminsa (accusative genitive singular)
atriuminsa (accusative genitive plural)
atriuminsa (genitive singular)
atriumiensa (genitive plural)
atriumiaan (partitive singular)
atriumiansa (partitive singular)
atriumejaan (partitive plural)
atriumejansa (partitive plural)
atriumissaan (inessive singular)
atriumissansa (inessive singular)
atriumeissaan (inessive plural)
atriumeissansa (inessive plural)
atriumistaan (elative singular)
atriumistansa (elative singular)
atriumeistaan (elative plural)
atriumeistansa (elative plural)
atriumiinsa (illative singular)
atriumeihinsa (illative plural)
atriumillaan (adessive singular)
atriumillansa (adessive singular)
atriumeillaan (adessive plural)
atriumeillansa (adessive plural)
atriumiltaan (ablative singular)
atriumiltansa (ablative singular)
atriumeiltaan (ablative plural)
atriumeiltansa (ablative plural)
atriumilleen (allative singular)
atriumillensa (allative singular)
atriumeilleen (allative plural)
atriumeillensa (allative plural)
atriuminaan (essive singular)
atriuminansa (essive singular)
atriumeinaan (essive plural)
atriumeinansa (essive plural)
atriumikseen (singular translative)
atriumiksensa (singular translative)
atriumeikseen (plural translative)
atriumeiksensa (plural translative)
atriumittaan (abessive singular)
atriumittansa (abessive singular)
atriumeittaan (abessive plural)
atriumeittansa (abessive plural)
atriumeineen (comitative plural)
atriumeinensa (comitative plural)


atrium

la-noun

ātrium n (genitive ātriī or ātrī); second declension

ātrium (canonical neuter)
ātriī (genitive)
ātrī (genitive)
ātrium (nominative singular)
ātria (nominative plural)
ātriī (genitive singular)
ātrī (genitive singular)
ātriōrum (genitive plural)
ātriō (dative singular)
ātriīs (dative plural)
ātrium (accusative singular)
ātria (accusative plural)
ātriō (ablative singular)
ātriīs (ablative plural)
ātrium (singular vocative)
ātria (plural vocative)

Inherited:

Northern Gallo-Romance:

Old French: aitre

French: aître

q

Norman: aistre (merged with some Norse root, hence the unetymological ⟨s⟩)

Ibero-Romance:

Asturian: adriu ⇒ adral

Galician: adro

Portuguese: adro

Borrowed:

→ Catalan: atri

→ English: atrium

→ Galician: atrio

→ Hungarian: átrium

→ Irish: aitriam

→ Italian: atrio

→ Portuguese: átrio

→ Romanian: atriu

→ Spanish: atrio

[ˈäːt̪riʊ̃ˑ]

* Either from Ancient Greek αἴθριον (aíthrion, “under the sky, open”) (see αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “clear sky, heaven”)),
* or related to Latin āter, Umbrian 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌖 (atru), Oscan 𐌀𐌀𐌃𐌝𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌔 (aadíriis), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁tr-yom,
* or from Etruscan 𐌀𐌈𐌓𐌄 (aθre, “atrium, temple, house, domus”).
Related to Etruscan 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌖𐌌 (atrium).

bor

It clāmor ad altā / ātria
An outcry goes up to the height of the [palace] halls.
(Translations vary – Mackail, 1885: “the high halls”; Knight, 1956: “the palace-roof”; Fitzgerald, 1981: “the high chambers”; West, 1990: “the high walls of the palace”; Ahl, 2007: “high through the courtyard’s open roof”; Ruden, 2021: “to the rooftop”.)

29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.665–666

a welcoming room in a Roman villa; reception hall, main court


atrium

atrium (nominative singular)
atria (nominative plural)
atrium (genitive singular)
atriów (genitive plural)
atrium (dative singular)
atriom (dative plural)
atrium (accusative singular)
atria (accusative plural)
atrium (instrumental singular)
atriami (instrumental plural)
atrium (locative singular)
atriach (locative plural)
atrium (singular vocative)
atria (plural vocative)

(anatomy) atrium (one of two upper chambers of the heart)


gyp

Perhaps the same as Etymology 1. An earlier theory derived the term from Ancient Greek γύψ (gúps, “vulture”) (/ɡýps/; compare Greek γύπας (gýpas) /ˈʝi.pas/), "in reference to thievish habits of the servants" (and then derived Etymology 1 thence), but this does not explain the pronunciation.

All was neglect. The outer door of this room, which was open, was nearly on a level with the Quadrangle — some coats and trousers and boots were upon the ebony table and a "gyp" was brushing away at them just within the door — in wet weather he performed these functions entirely within the library, as innocent of the incongruity of his position as my guide himself.

1880, William Blades, The Enemies of Books, page 40:

'Why, what is the matter with you, John?' I asked of the gyp who waited on Vincey and myself.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

Had he acted discourteously to his bedmaker or his gyp, he would have minded just as much … .

1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part I, I [Uniform ed., p. 14]

(Cambridge University, Durham University, historical) A domestic servant, generally male, who would attend upon (usually several) students, brushing their clothes, carrying parcels, waiting at parties and other tasks; generally equivalent to a scout in the historical sense at Oxford University or a skip at Trinity College, Dublin.

Cambridge University; Durham University; Cambridge University; Durham University


lavabo

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lavabo.wav

From the Christian ritual, which was traditionally accompanied in Catholicism by a recitation of Psalm 25:6 (Psalm 26:6, in the Hebrew and in most modern translations) which in Latin begins with the word lavābō (“I will wash”). The sense of "room with a toilet" developed under the influence of lavatory and lav.

(Christianity) A ritual involving the washing of one's hands at a church's offertory before handling the Eucharist.

These small liturgical towels got […] the name of Lavabo cloths or Lavaboes.

1870, Daniel Rock, Textile Fabrics, page 203:

(Christianity) The small towel used to dry the priest's hands following the ritual.

(architecture) A trough used for washing at some medieval monasteries.

Mr. Pond fussed out and she heard the door of the little lavabo in the passage open with a loud creak.

1930, Dorothy L. Sayers, chapter XIV, in Strong Poision, page 177:

(humorous, euphemistic) A lavatory: a room used for urination and defecation.


lavabo

→ German: Lavabo

→ Turkish: lavabo

→ Vietnamese: la-va-bô

Borrowed from Latin lavābō (“I will wash”), first-person singular future active indicative of lavō, lavāre (“wash, bathe”, verb).


lavabo

head

lavabo (definite accusative lavaboyu, plural lavabolar)

lavaboyu (accusative definite)
lavabolar (plural)
lavabo (nominative singular)
lavabolar (nominative plural)
lavaboyu (accusative definite singular)
lavaboları (accusative definite plural)
lavaboya (dative singular)
lavabolara (dative plural)
lavaboda (locative singular)
lavabolarda (locative plural)
lavabodan (ablative singular)
lavabolardan (ablative plural)
lavabonun (genitive singular)
lavaboların (genitive plural)


scat

en-noun

scat (countable and uncountable, plural scats)

Origin uncertain. Both the Oxford English Dictionary and Merriam-Webster suggest derivation from Ancient Greek σκῶρ (skôr, “excrement”), compare English scato-, but Random House Dictionary suggests that the popular character of the word makes this unlikely. Perhaps from English dialectal scat (“to scatter, fling, bespatter”), or an alteration of shit, which is also used for "drugs, heroin".

They turned to polar bear feces, or scat, as it is commonly called. […] She and Quinoa [a dog] worked with Dr. Rockwell to collect and study samples of polar bear scat for several years and found that the bears were eating lots of geese.

2014 September 22, James Gorman, “For polar bears, a climate change twist [print version: For hungry polar bears, a climate change twist, International New York Times, 24 September 2014, p 12]”, in The New York Times:

2018 Brent Butt as Brent Herbert Leroy, "Sasquatch Your Language", Corner Gas Animated
Wherever legitimate tracks are found there's always some fresh scat, y'know, poo, flop, dumplings.

(biology) Animal excrement; droppings, dung.


constipation

constipation (countable and uncountable, plural constipations)

Constipation in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

If you also knew how to combine foods—that is, what foods eaten together “set well,” you need never have indigestion, constipation or any of the headachy, stomachachy ills they lead to.

1917 February 12, “If You Knew What Foods?” (advertisement), in The Independent, volume 59, number 3558, New York: Independent Corporation, page 280:

Review of systems was positive for unintentional weight gain of 13.5 kilograms in the last eight months, excessive fatigue, fever, difficulty focusing, one episode of painful oral ulcer on the roof of her mouth, change in the hair texture with nonscarring alopecia, shortness of breath with exertion, and constipation.

2015 July 22, Reshma M. Khan et al., “Embolic Stroke as the Initial Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in Case Reports in Rheumatology, volume 2015, →DOI:

A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled with hardened faeces.

The act of crowding anything into a lesser space, or the state of being crowded or pressed together; condensation.


galley

galley (plural galleys or (obsolete) gallies)

galleys (plural)
gallies (obsolete plural)

From Middle English galeie, from Old French galee, from Latin galea, from Byzantine Greek γάλεα (gálea) of unknown origin, probably from Ancient Greek γαλέη (galéē), a kind of a small fish, from γαλεός (galeós, “dog-fish or small shark”). Doublet of galea.

(nautical, historical) A long, slender ship propelled primarily by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; usually a rowed warship used in the Mediterranean from the 16th century until the modern era.

(British) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure.

(nautical) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war.

kaleeri

nautical: small boat carried by a man-of-war

(nautical) The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel or aircraft; sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.

камбуз

cooking room or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel or aircraft

(printing) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof.

게라쇄

printing: proof sheet from type on a galley

(heraldry) A representation of a single masted ship propelled by oars, with three flags and a basket.


cottage

→ French: cottage

Late Middle English, from Anglo-Norman cotage and Medieval Latin cotagium, from Old Northern French cot, cote (“hut, cottage”) + -age (“surrounding property”), from Proto-Germanic *kutan, *kuta- (“shed”), probably of non-Indo-European origin, possibly borrowed from Uralic; compare Finnish kota (“hut, house”) and Hungarian ház (“house”), both from Proto-Finno-Ugric/Proto-Uralic *kota. However, also compare Dutch and English hut.
Old Northern French cote is probably from Old Norse kot (“hut”), cognate of Old English cot of same Proto-Germanic origin.
Slang sense “public toilet” from 19th century, due to resemblance.

(Polari) A meeting place for homosexual men.


mess

mess (countable and uncountable, plural messes)

Perhaps a corruption of Middle English mesh (“mash”), compare muss, or derived from Etymology 2 "mixed foods, as for animals". Compare also Old English mes (“dung, excrement”).

There was dog mess all along the street.

Parked under a tree, my car was soon covered in birds' mess.


mess

→ Portuguese: messe

From Middle English mes, partly from Old English mēse, mēose (“table”), a vernacular loan from Latin/Late Latin mē(n)sa (“table; meal”); and partly from Old French mes, Late Latin missum, from mittō (“to put, place (e.g. on the table)”). See mission, and compare Mass (“religious service”).

c. 1555, Hugh Latimer, letter to one in prison for the profession of the Gospel
a mess of pottage

At their savoury dinner set / Of herbs and other country messes.

a. 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:

[Curry] consists of meat, fish, fruit, or vegetables, cooked with a quantity of bruised spices and turmeric […]; and a little of this gives a flavour to a large mess of rice.

1903, Henry Yule, Arthur Burnell, Hobson-Jobson:

(archaic) A quantity of food set on a table at one time; provision of food for a person or party for one meal; also, the food given to an animal at one time.

The police mess had formerly been a maternity home for the wives of the Sultans of the state. Faded and tatty, peeling, floorboards eaten and unpolished, its philoprogenitive glory was a memory only.

1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 20:

en:building or room in which meals are eaten

A building or room in which mess is eaten.


coprophilia

coprophilia (countable and uncountable, plural coprophilias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-coprophilia.wav

(psychiatry) A marked interest in excrement; especially the paraphilia involving sexual arousal and pleasure from feces and defecation.

嗜糞癥

marked interest in excrement; the use of feces for sexual excitement


ordure

ordure (countable and uncountable, plural ordures)

From Middle English ordure, ordure, borrowed from Middle French ordure and Anglo-Norman ordure, ordeur(e), ordor(e), ordour from Old French ordure (“dirt, filth, refuse; dung, excrement; moral filth”) (modern French ordure), from ord (“filthy”) + -ure (suffix forming nouns describing the results of actions). Ord is derived from Latin horridus (“dreadful, frightful, horrid”), from horreō (“to stand erect, stand on end; to shiver, tremble; to be afraid of, dread; to be frightful”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“stiff; surprised”)) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’).

der

But there has none employed my Thoughts of late ſo much, as a very nice inquiſition, or inſpection, into the frequent differences we meet with Human Ordure. The World may ſay, perhaps, I had very little to do, and that ſo ſolemn and ſerious a Preface, ill became ſo foul a Subject; but let what will be ſaid, I can't help communicating my Sentiments, but will endeavour to wrap 'em up in as cleanly a manner, as the dirtineſs of the Theme will admit.

1733, “Dr. S——t” [pseudonym; formerly attributed to Jonathan Swift], Human Ordure, Botanically Considered. […], printed at Dublin, and reprinted at London: For F. Coggan […], →OCLC, page 6:

If a Man throws upon a Woman's body, from the Navel upwards to beneath the Neck, any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magiſtrate ſhall fine him One Hundred and Twenty Puns of Cowries.

1776, “Chap. XVI. Of Assault.”, in Nathaniel Brassey Halhed, transl., A Code of Gentoo Laws, or, Ordinations of the Pundits, […], London: [s.n.], →OCLC, section I (Of Assaults, and of Preparation to Assault), page 223:

It seems at first sight a strange thing that Paris, with its apparently pure air, should be by no means so healthy a place to live in as London. [...] Another cause, not so sensible to the eye as to another organ, we have long believed to be, the universal accumulation of ordures in pestiferous cess-pools under or near almost every house. [...] The removal of these ordures is periodical, and must take place in the night. [...] From the cleaned-out dwellings the ordures are taken to the greatest laystall in the world, the Boyauteries of Montfaucon, famous for its filth, its carrion, and countless myriads of rats. Thence they are bought up by growers as manure for the land; [...]

1843, “Public and Domestic Economy in France. … No. I.”, in The Magazine of Domestic Economy, and Family Review, volume I (New Series), London: Published by W[illiam] S[omerville] Orr & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 289–290:

Also, they say that Margaret Samon, Nicholas Alastre, Thomas de Stanley, John Etwall, Richard Etwall, and William, son of Hugh Spicer, block up the common cavern of the aforesaid town on the northern side with ordure, weeds, and cinders, to the serious damage of the whole town aforesaid, etc.

1882, “CLX.—Roll of the Presentments of the Mikletorn Jury. 1396, April 5. Presentments of the Great Tourn Taken before John de Plumptre, Mayor of the Town of Nottingham, on the Day and Year within-written.”, in W. Henry Stevenson, James Raine, editors, Records of the Borough of Nottingham: Being a Series of Extracts from the Archives of the Corporation of Nottingham […], volumes I (King Henry II. to King Richard II., 1155–1399), London: Bernard Quaritch, […]; Nottingham, Nottinghamshire: Thomas Forman & Sons, →OCLC, page 321:

Only Madame herself seeing Jacob out had about her that leer, that lewdness, that quake of the surface (visible in the eyes chiefly), which threatens to spill the whole bag of ordure, with difficulty held together, over the pavement. In short, something was wrong.

1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter IX, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC, pages 103–104:

The invention consists in a method of dehydrating animal ordure wherein the ordure is caused to move along a path and subjected to the simultaneous action of a hot air flow, and of ultrasonic and/or microwave radiation during such movement.

1974 March 25, Victor Simon, Dehydration of Manure, US Patent 3,997,388 (PDF version), page 3, column 1:

David Jones had seen death on a vast and public scale but never before domestically and at close quarters. This domestic death revolted him. [...] The bowels and bladder collapsed, sheets and mattress had to be burnt at the bottom of the back garden. The body, having vulgarly shed its ordures, now turned into an ordure itself.

1989, Anthony Burgess, “Un”, in Any Old Iron, London: Hutchinson, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: Washington Square Press, Pocket Books, 1990, →ISBN, page 27:

գոմաղբ

dung, excrement — see also dung, excrement


ordure

Inherited from Old French ord (“filthy”), from Latin horridus (“horrid”), + -ure.


ordure

English: ordure

Borrowed from Middle French ordure and Anglo-Norman ordure, ordeur(e), ordor(e), ordour.

Of the hinder part of her buttockes it is ful horrible for to ſe, for certes in that parte of her body there as they purge her ſtynkynge ordure, that foul partie ſhew they to yͤ people proudly in diſpite of honeſtie, which honeſtie that Jeſu Christ and hys frendes obſerued to ſhewe in her life.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parsons Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio cvi, verso, column 1:

Of the hinder part of her buttocks it is very horrible to see, as certainly in that part of her body there as they purge her stinking ordure, that foul part they show to the people proudly in spite of honesty, the honesty that Jesus Christ and his companions observed to show in her life.


Küche

de-noun

Küche f (genitive Küche, plural Küchen, diminutive (all rare) Küchelchen n or Küchlein n or Küchelein n)

Küche (genitive)
Küchen (plural)
Küchelchen (diminutive neuter rare)
Küchlein (diminutive neuter rare)
Küchelein (diminutive neuter rare)
Küche (nominative singular)
Küchen (definite nominative plural)
Küche (genitive singular)
Küchen (definite genitive plural)
Küche (dative singular)
Küchen (dative definite plural)
Küche (accusative singular)
Küchen (accusative definite plural)

From Middle High German küche, from Old High German chuhhina, from late Proto-West Germanic *kukinā, from Late Latin cocīna, from earlier coquīna.


gang

→ Cebuano: gang

→ Danish: gæng

→ Dutch: gang

→ Hindi: गैंग (gaiṅg)

→ Japanese: ギャング (gyangu)

→ Malay: geng

→ Norman: dgaîngue

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: gjeng

Norwegian Nynorsk: gjeng

→ Portuguese: gangue

→ Spanish: gang

→ Swedish: gäng

→ Finnish: jengi

→ Tagalog: gang

→ Thai: แก๊ง (gɛ́ng)

From Middle English gang, from Old English gang (“a journey; way; passage”), from Proto-West Germanic *gang, from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰ-o-s, from *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gong, Dutch gang, German Gang, Norwegian gang, Swedish gång, Icelandic gangur, Vedic Sanskrit जंहस् (jáṃhas).


larder

Inherited from Middle English larder, from Anglo-Norman larder and Old French lardier, from Latin lardārium. By surface analysis, lard + -er.

He had always intended to marry when he could afford it; and once he had been in love, violently in love, but had laid the passion aside, and told it to wait till a more convenient season. … But when, after the lapse of fifteen years, he went, as it were, to his spiritual larder and took down Love from the top shelf to offer him to Mrs. Orr, he was rather dismayed.

1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part II, XVI [Uniform ed., p. 169]

A cool room in a domestic house where food is stored, but larger than a pantry.


dingleberry

/ˈdɪŋɡəɫbɛɹi/

(slang, derogatory) A stupid or foolish person.

(slang, derogatory) Dried fecal matter adhering to anal hair.

баребу́х

фека́лии и́ли экскреме́нты, присо́хшие к волоса́м и́ли ше́рсти


dunny

A clipped form of English cant dunnakin (“outhouse”) + -y (suffix forming affectionate diminutives). Dunnakin, dunnekin, etc. are of uncertain etymology, but probably from some form of English cant danna (“dung”) + ken (“house”, pejorative slang). The Scottish and North English senses may derive from Etymology 4 below, either under influence from English cant or as its original source.

The dunny was another place to go to get out of class. You got to go there by raising your hand in class and asking Miss if you could go to the lav.

2010, Kathleen M. McGinley, Out of the Daydream, page 47:

(Australia and New Zealand slang) Any other place or fixture used for urination and defecation: a latrine; a lavatory; a toilet.


dunny

A clipped form of English dungeon + -y (“forming affectionate diminutives”).

(Scotland, Northern England, slang, dated) A cellar, basement, or underground passage.


mai

Hinde (1904) records mai as an equivalent of English dung (cow's) in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also Kamba maii and Swahili mavi as its equivalents.


boudoir

Borrowed from French boudoir, from bouder (“to sulk”).

The Duchesse's boudoir was fitted up in a style of luxury utterly different from anything before familiar to the Carraras.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XI, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 118:

I found her in her boudoir getting outside a dish of tea and a crumpet.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

A woman's private sitting room, dressing room, or bedroom.


boudoir

→ Bulgarian: будоар (budoar)

→ English: boudoir

→ German: Boudoir

→ Greek: μπουντουάρ (bountouár)

→ Hungarian: budoár

→ Macedonian: будоар (budoar)

→ Polish: buduar

→ Romanian: budoar

→ Russian: будуа́р (buduár)

→ Georgian: ბუდუარი (buduari)

→ Serbo-Croatian: будоар

→ Swedish: budoar

→ Ukrainian: будуа́р (buduár)


atelier

pl-noun

atelier n (indeclinable, related adjective atelierowy)

Unadapted borrowing from French atelier.

atelier (workshop or studio, especially for an artist, designer or fashion house)


tai

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taqi, from Proto-Austronesian *Caqi. Compare Tagalog tae.


valo

valo (nominative singular)
valot (nominative plural)
valon (genitive singular)
valloin (genitive plural)
valoloin (genitive plural)
valloa (partitive singular)
valoja (partitive plural)
valoloja (partitive plural)
valloo (illative singular)
valloi (illative plural)
valoloihe (illative plural)
valos (inessive singular)
valois (inessive plural)
valolois (inessive plural)
valost (elative singular)
valoist (elative plural)
valoloist (elative plural)
valolle (allative singular)
valoille (allative plural)
valoloille (allative plural)
valol (adessive singular)
valoil (adessive plural)
valoloil (adessive plural)
valolt (ablative singular)
valoilt (ablative plural)
valoloilt (ablative plural)
valoks (singular translative)
valoiks (plural translative)
valoloiks (plural translative)
valonna (essive singular)
valloon (essive singular)
valoinna (essive plural)
valoloinna (essive plural)
valloin (essive plural)
valoloin (essive plural)
valont (exessive singular)
valoint (exessive plural)
valoloint (exessive plural)


oda

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish اوطه (oda) (Turkish oda)


seraglio

/səˈɹæɡliːoʊ/

From Italian serraglio, from Vulgar Latin *serrāculum, from a late form of Latin serāre (“lock up, close”), from sera (“lock, bolt”). The Italian word was used (because of phonetic similarity) to translate Turkish saray (palace). Compare serai, serail.

The sequestered living quarters used by wives and concubines (odalisques) in a Turkish Muslim household.


茶室

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/te²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/te²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁵/

/te¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/te²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/te²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/zo²² səʔ⁴⁴/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/

/ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/t͡sʰaː²¹ sɐt̚⁵/

/te²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/te²⁴⁻²² siɪk̚⁵/

/te¹³⁻²² siɪk̚³²/

/te²⁴⁻¹¹ siɪk̚³²/

/te²³⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/

/zo²² səʔ⁴⁴/


cornhole

en-noun

cornhole (countable and uncountable, plural cornholes)

From corn + hole.
(anus): From the old-fashioned practice of using dried corncobs instead of toilet paper in outdoor privies.

The cornhole was a small, brick room opening off the threshing floor, about six or seven feet high, […] variously known as the cornhole or cornbin, and was designed for flail threshing, holding the grain until it was winnowed.

1969, J E C Peters, The Development of Farm Buildings in Western Lowland Staffordshire up to 1880, page 97:

A small room may be found opening off the threshing floor on one side […] This is the cornhole, a mid-eighteenth-century development so far known only in Staffordshire and Suffolk, with a few in east Sussex.

1981, J E C Peters, Discovering Traditional Farm Buildings, page 17 with illustration:

(UK, dated) A small room connected to a threshing floor.


bedroom

Please don't enter my bedroom without knocking.

The huge square box, parquet-floored and high-ceilinged, had been arranged to display a suite of bedroom furniture designed and made in the halcyon days of the last quarter of the nineteenth century, […].

1963, Margery Allingham, “The Elopers”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 33:

I am in the bedroom.
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

A room in a house, apartment, hotel or other dwelling where a bed is kept for sleeping.

ацәарҭа

room in a house where a bed is kept for sleeping

alcoba

now especially formal or literary usage, except Colombia


facilities

Synonym of facility in certain contexts.


smallest room

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-smallest room.wav

"Aliens used up our bog roll?"
"Just because they're aliens, it doesn't mean they don't have to visit the smallest room. Only, they probably do something weird and alienesque; like it comes out of the top of their heads, or something."

(euphemistic, with definite article) The lavatory: the room intended for urination and defecation.


dormitory

From Middle English dormitory, dormytory, dormytorye, borrowed from Latin dormītōrium (“a sleeping-room”), from dormiō (“to sleep”). Doublet of dorter.


sala

Of Germanic origin, from Frankish *sali.


sala

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाला (śālā, “living room”).


sala

pl-noun

sala f (diminutive salka, related adjective salowy)

salka (diminutive)
salowy (adjective)
sala (nominative singular)
sale (nominative plural)
sali (genitive singular)
sal (genitive plural)
sali (dative singular)
salom (dative plural)
salę (accusative singular)
sale (accusative plural)
salą (instrumental singular)
salami (instrumental plural)
sali (locative singular)
salach (locative plural)
salo (singular vocative)
sale (plural vocative)

Borrowed from French salle. First attested in the 16th century.

ref

Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “sala”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]


sala

→ Cebuano: sala

→ Tagalog: sala

From a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *saliz, see also German Saal, Middle Low German seli, Old High German sal, from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”). Cognate with French salle (“room”). Compare English salon. Compare Dutch zaal.

der

sala de estar


hopper

From Middle English hoppere, alteration of *hoppe (found in grashoppe (“grasshopper”)), from Old English *hoppa (“one who hops, hopper”), equivalent to hop + -er. Cognate with Dutch hopper (“hopper”), Swedish hoppare (“hopper, jumper”), Icelandic hoppari (“hopper”).

Various insects
The larva of a cheese fly.

The fresh-water container for the house was above the ceiling directly over the toilet. One day, I was comfortably seated on the hopper minding my own business, when a large portion of the ceiling came crashing down […]

2010, Robert Hudson, Stories of an Unusual Life, page 250:


scullery

From Anglo-Norman squillerie, from Old French escuelerie (“office of the servant in charge of plates”), from escuele (“bowl, dish”), from Latin scutella.

uder

With the ring of light from his lantern dancing from side to side, he lurched across the yard, kicked off his boots at the back door, drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel in the scullery, and made his way up to bed, where Mrs. Jones was already snoring.

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

(archaic) A small room, next to a kitchen, where washing up and other domestic chores are done.


diarrhea

en-noun

diarrhea (countable and uncountable, plural diarrheas)

/ˌdaɪ.əˈɹiː.ə/

From Middle English diaria, from Middle French diarrie (French diarrhée), from Late Latin diarrhoea, from Ancient Greek διάρροια (diárrhoia, “through-flowing”), from διά (diá, “through”) + ῥέω (rhéō, “flow”). By surface analysis, dia- + -rrhea. Spelling later altered to resemble the word's Latin and Greek roots.
Displaced native Old English ūtsiht (literally “straining out”).

ncog

My Pampers bill is higher than your paycheck, my hands are raw from washing them every six minutes, and I do eight loads of laundry a day because everything we own is covered in diarrhea, and you want me to "plug him up" and wait another three weeks?

2008, Danna Korn and Connie Sarros, Gluten-Free Cooking for Dummies, Chapter 1

I looked and saw that she and her hammock were covered in diarrhea.

2009, Daniel Everett, Don't Sleep, There Are Snakes, page 47:

Why was she covered in diarrhea?

2014, L. A. Knight, Dog Training the American Male, page 221:

The watery or very soft excrement that comes from such bowel movements.


drek

drek (nominative singular)
dreky (nominative plural)
dreku (genitive singular)
dreků (genitive plural)
dreku (dative singular)
drekům (dative plural)
drek (accusative singular)
dreky (accusative plural)
dreku (singular vocative)
dreky (plural vocative)
dreku (locative singular)
drecích (locative plural)
drekem (instrumental singular)
dreky (instrumental plural)

Borrowed from German Dreck, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þrakjaz.


portable

en-adj

portable (comparative more portable, superlative most portable)

more portable (comparative)
most portable (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-portable.wav

[ˈpʰɔɹɾɪ̈bl̩]

Borrowed from Middle French portable, or from Latin portabilis.

How do Java and C# create cross-platform, portable programs, and why can't C++ do the same?

2012, Herbert Schildt, C++: A Beginner's Guide, Second Edition, page 6:

(computing) Of software: able to be run on multiple hardware or operating systems.


portable

[ˈpʰɔɹɾɪ̈bl̩]

siirrettävä rakennus

temporary building that is portable, especially one located at a school

A portable building used for temporary purposes, particularly:

bajamaja

portable toilet; self-contained outhouse

A few portables, particularly the small laphelds, go one step further and come with software built into the computer.

1985, New Accountant, volumes 1-3, page lxvii:

Compaq portables have grown lighter and more powerful since then. Their newest luggable, the Compaq Portable III, is six times more powerful and 10 pounds lighter than the original model.

1987, InfoWorld, volume 9, number 20, page 71:

portable computer
portable computer#English

(computing) Clipping of portable computer.

(video games) A hand-held video gaming device.


hal

nl-noun

hal f (plural hallen, diminutive halletje n)

hallen (plural)
halletje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: hal

→ Papiamentu: hal (dated)

From Middle Dutch halle, from Old Dutch *halla, from Proto-West Germanic *hallu, from Proto-Germanic *hallō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, cover, conceal”).
Cognate with Low German Hall, German Halle, English hall, Danish hall.


soil oneself

en-verb

soil oneself (third-person singular simple present soils oneself, present participle soiling oneself, simple past and past participle soiled oneself)

soils oneself (present singular third-person)
soiling oneself (participle present)
soiled oneself (participle past)
soiled oneself (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-soil oneself.wav

(euphemistic) To lose control of one's bowels and accidentally defecate on oneself.


tŷ bach

tai bach (plural)
tŷ bach
dŷ bach (soft)
nhŷ bach
thŷ bach

/ˌtɨː ˈbaːχ/

(euphemistic) A little house: an outhouse.


bagno

pl-noun

bagno n (diminutive bagienko, augmentative bagnisko, related adjective bagienny)

bagienko (diminutive)
bagnisko (augmentative)
bagienny (adjective)
bagno (nominative singular)
bagna (nominative plural)
bagna (genitive singular)
bagien (genitive plural)
bagnu (dative singular)
bagnom (dative plural)
bagno (accusative singular)
bagna (accusative plural)
bagnem (instrumental singular)
bagnami (instrumental plural)
bagnie (locative singular)
bagnach (locative plural)
bagno (singular vocative)
bagna (plural vocative)


cachu

From Middle Welsh cachu, from Proto-Brythonic *kax, from Proto-Celtic *kakkā, from Proto-Indo-European *kakko- (compare Latin cacō).

(vulgar, offensive) shit (instance of defecation)


front room

She did not knock at the door, which stood open, but, somewhat to Fermi's amazement, walked at once into the front room, which was plainly the room of state.

1880, Frances Hodgson Burnett, chapter 7, in Louisiana:

He found the door open, and in the front room, which is bare of furniture, discovered the body of a gentleman, well dressed, and having cards in his pocket bearing the name of ‘Enoch J. Drebber, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.‘

1887, Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter 3, in A Study in Scarlet:

The front room, the parlor, seemed to us children to be a room of much splendor, but was open for general use only on Sunday evening or on rare occasions when there were parties.

1913, Theodore Roosevelt, chapter 1, in Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography:

She had a whole floor of everlasting flowers spread to dry in her front room.

1942, Emily Carr, “Loyalty”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:

A living room; a room in the front of the house which is used for entertaining guests or for special occasions.

seòmar-aghaidh

room reserved for special occasions — see also living room


dungeon

From Middle English dongeoun (“keep of a castle; dungeon; abyss, cave, den; whirlpool”), from Anglo-Norman donjun (“keep of a castle; keep used as a prison; dungeon”) and continental Old French donjon (“keep of a castle”), from Vulgar Latin *dominiōnem, seemingly derived from Latin dominus (“master, lord”) perhaps via some figurative sense like “dominant building”. Doublet of donjon. The sense of “dungeon”, first attested in Anglo-Norman (13th c.) and apparently never in continental Old French, likely developed in combination with Old English dung (“underground prison cell”), whence Middle English donge (“pit, abyss” - senses that are also attested for Middle English dongeoun).
The game term has been popularized by Dungeons & Dragons.

der

“pit, abyss” - senses that are also attested for Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">dongeoun</i>

(BDSM) A room dedicated to sadomasochistic sexual activity.


huone

huone (nominative singular)
huoneet (nominative plural)
huone (accusative nominative singular)
huoneet (accusative nominative plural)
huoneen (accusative genitive singular)
huoneet (accusative genitive plural)
huoneen (genitive singular)
huoneiden (genitive plural)
huoneitten (genitive plural)
huonetta (partitive singular)
huoneita (partitive plural)
huoneessa (inessive singular)
huoneissa (inessive plural)
huoneesta (elative singular)
huoneista (elative plural)
huoneeseen (illative singular)
huoneisiin (illative plural)
huoneihin (illative plural)
huoneella (adessive singular)
huoneilla (adessive plural)
huoneelta (ablative singular)
huoneilta (ablative plural)
huoneelle (allative singular)
huoneille (allative plural)
huoneena (essive singular)
huoneina (essive plural)
huoneeksi (singular translative)
huoneiksi (plural translative)
huoneetta (abessive singular)
huoneitta (abessive plural)
huonein (instructive plural)
See the possessive forms below. (comitative)
huoneeni (nominative singular)
huoneeni (nominative plural)
huoneeni (accusative nominative singular)
huoneeni (accusative nominative plural)
huoneeni (accusative genitive singular)
huoneeni (accusative genitive plural)
huoneeni (genitive singular)
huoneideni (genitive plural)
huoneitteni (genitive plural)
huonettani (partitive singular)
huoneitani (partitive plural)
huoneessani (inessive singular)
huoneissani (inessive plural)
huoneestani (elative singular)
huoneistani (elative plural)
huoneeseeni (illative singular)
huoneisiini (illative plural)
huoneihini (illative plural)
huoneellani (adessive singular)
huoneillani (adessive plural)
huoneeltani (ablative singular)
huoneiltani (ablative plural)
huoneelleni (allative singular)
huoneilleni (allative plural)
huoneenani (essive singular)
huoneinani (essive plural)
huoneekseni (singular translative)
huoneikseni (plural translative)
huoneettani (abessive singular)
huoneittani (abessive plural)
huoneineni (comitative plural)
huoneesi (nominative singular)
huoneesi (nominative plural)
huoneesi (accusative nominative singular)
huoneesi (accusative nominative plural)
huoneesi (accusative genitive singular)
huoneesi (accusative genitive plural)
huoneesi (genitive singular)
huoneidesi (genitive plural)
huoneittesi (genitive plural)
huonettasi (partitive singular)
huoneitasi (partitive plural)
huoneessasi (inessive singular)
huoneissasi (inessive plural)
huoneestasi (elative singular)
huoneistasi (elative plural)
huoneeseesi (illative singular)
huoneisiisi (illative plural)
huoneihisi (illative plural)
huoneellasi (adessive singular)
huoneillasi (adessive plural)
huoneeltasi (ablative singular)
huoneiltasi (ablative plural)
huoneellesi (allative singular)
huoneillesi (allative plural)
huoneenasi (essive singular)
huoneinasi (essive plural)
huoneeksesi (singular translative)
huoneiksesi (plural translative)
huoneettasi (abessive singular)
huoneittasi (abessive plural)
huoneinesi (comitative plural)
huoneemme (nominative singular)
huoneemme (nominative plural)
huoneemme (accusative nominative singular)
huoneemme (accusative nominative plural)
huoneemme (accusative genitive singular)
huoneemme (accusative genitive plural)
huoneemme (genitive singular)
huoneidemme (genitive plural)
huoneittemme (genitive plural)
huonettamme (partitive singular)
huoneitamme (partitive plural)
huoneessamme (inessive singular)
huoneissamme (inessive plural)
huoneestamme (elative singular)
huoneistamme (elative plural)
huoneeseemme (illative singular)
huoneisiimme (illative plural)
huoneihimme (illative plural)
huoneellamme (adessive singular)
huoneillamme (adessive plural)
huoneeltamme (ablative singular)
huoneiltamme (ablative plural)
huoneellemme (allative singular)
huoneillemme (allative plural)
huoneenamme (essive singular)
huoneinamme (essive plural)
huoneeksemme (singular translative)
huoneiksemme (plural translative)
huoneettamme (abessive singular)
huoneittamme (abessive plural)
huoneinemme (comitative plural)
huoneenne (nominative singular)
huoneenne (nominative plural)
huoneenne (accusative nominative singular)
huoneenne (accusative nominative plural)
huoneenne (accusative genitive singular)
huoneenne (accusative genitive plural)
huoneenne (genitive singular)
huoneidenne (genitive plural)
huoneittenne (genitive plural)
huonettanne (partitive singular)
huoneitanne (partitive plural)
huoneessanne (inessive singular)
huoneissanne (inessive plural)
huoneestanne (elative singular)
huoneistanne (elative plural)
huoneeseenne (illative singular)
huoneisiinne (illative plural)
huoneihinne (illative plural)
huoneellanne (adessive singular)
huoneillanne (adessive plural)
huoneeltanne (ablative singular)
huoneiltanne (ablative plural)
huoneellenne (allative singular)
huoneillenne (allative plural)
huoneenanne (essive singular)
huoneinanne (essive plural)
huoneeksenne (singular translative)
huoneiksenne (plural translative)
huoneettanne (abessive singular)
huoneittanne (abessive plural)
huoneinenne (comitative plural)
huoneensa (nominative singular)
huoneensa (nominative plural)
huoneensa (accusative nominative singular)
huoneensa (accusative nominative plural)
huoneensa (accusative genitive singular)
huoneensa (accusative genitive plural)
huoneensa (genitive singular)
huoneidensa (genitive plural)
huoneittensa (genitive plural)
huonettaan (partitive singular)
huonettansa (partitive singular)
huoneitaan (partitive plural)
huoneitansa (partitive plural)
huoneessaan (inessive singular)
huoneessansa (inessive singular)
huoneissaan (inessive plural)
huoneissansa (inessive plural)
huoneestaan (elative singular)
huoneestansa (elative singular)
huoneistaan (elative plural)
huoneistansa (elative plural)
huoneeseensa (illative singular)
huoneisiinsa (illative plural)
huoneihinsa (illative plural)
huoneellaan (adessive singular)
huoneellansa (adessive singular)
huoneillaan (adessive plural)
huoneillansa (adessive plural)
huoneeltaan (ablative singular)
huoneeltansa (ablative singular)
huoneiltaan (ablative plural)
huoneiltansa (ablative plural)
huoneelleen (allative singular)
huoneellensa (allative singular)
huoneilleen (allative plural)
huoneillensa (allative plural)
huoneenaan (essive singular)
huoneenansa (essive singular)
huoneinaan (essive plural)
huoneinansa (essive plural)
huoneekseen (singular translative)
huoneeksensa (singular translative)
huoneikseen (plural translative)
huoneiksensa (plural translative)
huoneettaan (abessive singular)
huoneettansa (abessive singular)
huoneittaan (abessive plural)
huoneittansa (abessive plural)
huoneineen (comitative plural)
huoneinensa (comitative plural)

From Proto-Finnic *hoonëh. Cognates include Estonian hoone.

house (dynasty; a family with its ancestors and descendants, especially a royal or noble one)


great room

From great + room. Compare Middle English grete chaumbre (“greatroom”).

cog

Its homes are tract mansions and starter castles of 4,000 square feet and upward, featuring two-story entrance halls, great rooms, three- or four-car garages, huge kitchens, spa-sized bathrooms, […]

2008, Paul L. Knox, Metroburbia, USA, page 163:

As he crossed the greatroom floor he could smell smoke. It was coming from his bedchamber!

(chiefly Canada, US) In many modern homes, a room that combines the roles of several more traditional rooms such as the family room, living room, and study.