neutron

From neutral + -on. Coined by Scottish-Australian physicist William Sutherland in 1899 in a paper in the Philosophical Magazine. Subsequent usage was sporadic and theoretical, sometimes referring to neutrinos rather than neutrons, and the modern sense was reintroduced alongside proton by Ernest Rutherford in 1920.

coin

Holonyms: atom, nucleus

Comeronyms: proton, electron

(physics) A subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and having no charge; it is a combination of an up quark and two down quarks.

Ernest Rutherford
Philosophical Magazine
neutron


neutron

neutron (nominative singular)
neutrony (nominative plural)
neutronu (genitive singular)
neutronów (genitive plural)
neutronowi (dative singular)
neutronom (dative plural)
neutron (accusative singular)
neutrony (accusative plural)
neutronem (instrumental singular)
neutronami (instrumental plural)
neutronie (locative singular)
neutronach (locative plural)
neutronie (singular vocative)
neutrony (plural vocative)


proton

From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton), neuter of πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).
(physics): Coined by New Zealand-British scientist Ernest Rutherford in 1920, in analogy with electron (1891), and with an additional intention of honoring English chemist William Prout. Analyzable as proto- + -on
(anatomy): (1893); a translation of German Anlage (“fundamental thing”) based on Aristotle’s phrase he prote ousia to proton.

Comeronyms: neutron, electron

Holonyms: atom, nucleus

The dance of the electrons about the prota, each electron and each proton consisting of a series of waves occupying the whole of the limited universe and obeying the laws of nature as they pass, is known to all.

1931, C[harles] G[eorge] Crump, The Red King Dreams, 1946 - 1948, 24 Russell Square: Faber & Faber Limited, page 302:

(physics) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.

The atomic nucleus of protium (hydrogen-1)

It is a well authenticated fact that, in the case of section of a peripheral nerve, the nuclei of the sheath of Schwann pass to the centre of the lumen and form the protoplasmic prota of the segments of the new nerve[…]. From studies of the development of the olfactory organs in reptiles, as reported briefly in earlier numbers of this Journal, the writer has been abundantly convinced of the truth of Beard’s statement that the olfactory prota arise from the skin[…].

1898 July, “Contributed Articles”, in C[larence] L[uther] Herrick, editor, The Journal of Comparative Neurology: A Quarterly Periodical Devoted to the Comparative Study of the Nervous System, volume VIII, number 1; 2, Granville, Oh.: […] C[harles] Judson Herrick; […], pages 27 (C. L. H., […]) and 32–33 (C. L. H.; G[eorge] E[llett] Coghill, […]):

This paper constituted the proton (the primordium, or ‘Anlage,’ if you prefer) of my own subsequent contributions, and likewise, so far as I knew at the time, of the simplified nomenclature in America.

1898 December 28, Burt G[reen] Wilder, “Some Misapprehensions as to the Simplified Nomenclature of Anatomy”, in Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Session of the Association of American Anatomists, […], Washington, D.C.: Beresford, […], published 1899, page 23:

a, b. Prota of primitive segments (protovertebræ).[…]These soon become partially constricted off from the fore-brain, their narrow pedicles—the optic stalks—being the prota of the optic nerves. The dorsal wall of the fore-brain continues to grow forward and upward from the rest of the vesicle, and soon forms a fourth ventricle or permanent fore-brain, the proton of the cerebral hemispheres.[…]By the sixth week the otocyst has been converted by a fold into two portions—a dorsal part—the utriculus, from which three projections arise, the prota of the semicircular canals (Fig. 91), and a ventral part, the sacculus, from the anterior end of which the cochlea is developed.[…]These are the Müllerian ducts, the prota of the female internal organs of generation.[…]The cords acquire a lumen and become the prota of the seminiferous tubules.

1899, Walter P[orter] Manton, “Menstruation—Ovulation—Development of the Ovum”, in Charles Jewett, editor, The Practice of Obstetrics, New York, N.Y., Philadelphia, Penn.: Lea Brothers & Co., part II (Physiology of Pregnancy), pages 84, 97, 104, 111, and 112:

(obsolete, anatomy) Synonym of primordium


proton

proton (nominative singular)
protony (nominative plural)
protonu (genitive singular)
protonów (genitive plural)
protonowi (dative singular)
protonom (dative plural)
proton (accusative singular)
protony (accusative plural)
protonem (instrumental singular)
protonami (instrumental plural)
protonie (locative singular)
protonach (locative plural)
protonie (singular vocative)
protony (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton).


lambda

lambda (nominative singular)
lambdy (nominative plural)
lambdy (genitive singular)
lambd (genitive plural)
lambdzie (dative singular)
lambdom (dative plural)
lambdę (accusative singular)
lambdy (accusative plural)
lambdą (instrumental singular)
lambdami (instrumental plural)
lambdzie (locative singular)
lambdach (locative plural)
lambdo (singular vocative)
lambdy (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda), from Phoenician 𐤋 (l /lāmed/).


baryon

From Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús, “heavy”) + -on. Coined by Dutch-American physicist Abraham Pais in 1953. Equivalent to baryo- + -on.

coin

Without prejudging on the actual nature of the relationship between the V₁ and the nucleon it seems practical to have a collective name for these particles and other which possibly may still be discovered and which may also have to be taken along in the conservation principle just mentioned. It is proposed to use the fitting name "baryon" for this purpose.

1953 October 1, A. Pais, “On the Baryon-meson-photon System”, in Progress of Theoretical Physics, volume 10, number 4, page 457:

(physics) A heavy subatomic particle created by the binding of quarks by gluons; a hadron containing three quarks. Baryons have half-odd integral spin and are thus fermions. This category includes the common proton and neutron of the atomic nucleus.


核子

/xɤ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐt̚² t͡siː³⁵/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁵³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴¹/

/hiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴¹/

/hiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁵³/

/ɦuəʔ¹¹ t͡sz̩²³/

/xɤ³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/hɐt̚² t͡siː³⁵/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁵³/

/hut̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴¹/

/hiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁴¹/

/hiɪk̚⁴⁻³² t͡su⁵³/

/ɦuəʔ¹¹ t͡sz̩²³/


核子

(physics) nucleon - a general term of the proton and the neutron


неутрон

bg-noun

неутро́н • (neutrón) m (relational adjective неутро́нен)

неутро́н (canonical)
neutrón (romanization)
неутро́нен (adjective relational)
неутро́н (indefinite singular)
неутро́ни (indefinite plural)
неутро́нът (definite singular subjective)
неутро́ните (definite plural subjective)
неутро́на (definite objective singular)
неутро́ните (definite objective plural)
неутро́на (count-form plural)
неутро́не (singular vocative)
неутро́ни (plural vocative)

bg-ndecl

неутро́н<(v)>

Scientific term from English neutron coined in 20th century. Morphologically formed from the stem of неутра́лен (neutrálen, “neutral”) + -он (-on). The suffix reflects the ending of Ancient Greek ἰόν (ión, “going, coming”) (whence Bulgarian йон (jon, “ion”)).

der

(physics) neutron (baryon with no charge)


barion

barion (nominative singular)
bariony (nominative plural)
barionu (genitive singular)
barionów (genitive plural)
barionowi (dative singular)
barionom (dative plural)
barion (accusative singular)
bariony (accusative plural)
barionem (instrumental singular)
barionami (instrumental plural)
barionie (locative singular)
barionach (locative plural)
barionie (singular vocative)
bariony (plural vocative)

Internationalism; compare English baryon, ultimately from Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús).


протон

bg-noun

прото́н • (protón) m (relational adjective прото́нен)

прото́н (canonical)
protón (romanization)
прото́нен (adjective relational)
прото́н (indefinite singular)
прото́ни (indefinite plural)
прото́нът (definite singular subjective)
прото́ните (definite plural subjective)
прото́на (definite objective singular)
прото́ните (definite objective plural)
прото́на (count-form plural)
прото́не (singular vocative)
прото́ни (plural vocative)

bg-ndecl

прото́н<(v)>

Scientific term from English proton coined in 19th century. Morphologically formed as прото- (proto-, “proto-, primal”) + -он (-on). The suffix reflects the ending of Ancient Greek ἰόν (ión, “going, coming”) (whence Bulgarian йон (jon, “ion”)).

affix

(physics) proton (baryon of positive charge)


antyproton

antyproton (nominative singular)
antyprotony (nominative plural)
antyprotonu (genitive singular)
antyprotonów (genitive plural)
antyprotonowi (dative singular)
antyprotonom (dative plural)
antyproton (accusative singular)
antyprotony (accusative plural)
antyprotonem (instrumental singular)
antyprotonami (instrumental plural)
antyprotonie (locative singular)
antyprotonach (locative plural)
antyprotonie (singular vocative)
antyprotony (plural vocative)


lambda baryon

(physics) Any of three particles, having no electric charge and an isotopic spin of 1, composed of an up quark, down quark and either a strange quark, a charm quark or a bottom quark


xi baryon

(physics) A subatomic hadron particle, denoted by Ξ, comprising three quarks: one up or down quark, and two heavier quarks.


mulasik

Blend of mulaan (“elementary; origin”) + hasik (“electric charge”).


antyneutron

antyneutron (nominative singular)
antyneutrony (nominative plural)
antyneutronu (genitive singular)
antyneutronów (genitive plural)
antyneutronowi (dative singular)
antyneutronom (dative plural)
antyneutron (accusative singular)
antyneutrony (accusative plural)
antyneutronem (instrumental singular)
antyneutronami (instrumental plural)
antyneutronie (locative singular)
antyneutronach (locative plural)
antyneutronie (singular vocative)
antyneutrony (plural vocative)

From anty- + neutron. First attested in 1953.


неутронен

bg-adj

неутро́нен • (neutrónen)

неутро́нен (canonical)
neutrónen (romanization)
неутро́нен (comparative indefinite masculine)
неутро́нна (comparative feminine indefinite)
неутро́нно (comparative indefinite neuter)
неутро́нни (comparative indefinite plural)
неутро́нният (comparative definite masculine subjective)
неутро́нната (comparative definite feminine subjective)
неутро́нното (comparative definite neuter subjective)
неутро́нните (comparative definite plural subjective)
неутро́нния (comparative definite masculine objective)
неутро́нната (comparative definite feminine objective)
неутро́нното (comparative definite neuter objective)
неутро́нните (comparative definite objective plural)

bg-adecl

неутро́нен<*!>

From неутро́н (neutrón) + -ен (-en). Compare Macedonian неутронски (neutronski) and Russian нейтро́нный (nejtrónnyj).


超子

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/